The first swing to Mary’s neck only stunned her, but the second swing severed her head completely. Thus, was the execution of Mary Queen of Scots carried out. However, one might argue that this might never have occurred if Mary Stewart had not repeatedly acted treacherously toward Elizabeth I of England. Although both Queen Elizabeth I of England and Mary Queen of Scotland were both gracious rulers of their home countries, Elizabeth I had no choice but to punish Mary for her treasonous actions.
Mary Queen of Scots and Queen Elizabeth reigned as queens during the sixteenth century, also known as the Elizabethan era. Mary Queen of Scots was Elizabeth’s cousin. She became Queen of Scotland after her father, James V of Scotland, died in battle.
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She was six years old at the time. As Mary grew older, she was arranged to marry Edward, son of Henry the VIII; but the marriage was broken off when Scotland decided to align with France (“The Tudors- Elizabeth I and Queen Mary of Scots.”). According to Elizabeth I Executes Mary, Queen of Scots: February 8, 1587, “Mary was educated in France, who was a declared enemy of England.” (“Elizabeth I Executes Mary, Queen of Scots: February 8, 1587.”). Queen Elizabeth I was born into the Tudor royal family (Adams 10). Since her father annulled his first marriage, she became the rightful heir to the throne over her older half sister (Adams 14). Elizabeth I became Queen of England in 1558, at the age of twenty-five, after both of her siblings had died (“The Tudors- Elizabeth I and Queen Mary of Scots.”). The two queens did not have much interaction with one another in their younger lives, but when Elizabeth took the English throne, their rivalry began. Queen Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots had an unspoken rivalry since birth.
When Elizabeth I acceded to the throne of England, trouble began to arise (Whitelock). Mary was the direct descendent of Henry VII of England’s daughter, Margaret, which made Mary the leading Catholic heir to the English throne. She was used as an international pawn, meaning she married men to make alliances between countries. Elizabeth’s father called her a bastard because she was illegitimate in his eyes (Reagan 27). Her father viewed her as illegitimate because he always wanted a son., Mary, however was seen as the pure catholic queen (Sharnette). As the Protestant Reformation occurred, the royal family descendants took two sides. Elizabeth was a Protestant and Mary was a Catholic (“Elizabeth I Executes Mary, Queen of Scots: February 8, 1587.”). Because Mary had been raised a Catholic, many Catholics wanted her to be queen (Adams 30). Elizabeth had many Catholic enemies after reforming England into a Protestant nation. Mary had challenged Elizabeth for the throne but, she had failed. (“The Tudors-Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots”). Plots were executed to have Mary become the rightful Queen of England, whether or not Elizabeth had children. Elizabeth and her children would have been illegitimate to the throne in the eyes of Catholics (Sharnette). With all the talk of Mary becoming queen, Mary had begun to overthink the amount of power she …show more content…
had. Mary Queen of Scots, more so than Elizabeth I, had developed a taste for power. She became more power hungry as time progressed. Once Mary married the King of France, they saw themselves as the rightful rulers of England and more tension grew (Whitelock). After Mary's husband's death, she, a devoted Catholic, returned to her country which had reformed to a Protestant religion (“Elizabeth I: Executes Mary, Queen of Scots: February 8, 1587.”). She soon realized that her country no longer accepted her. Dudley, Mary’s advisor, had pushed Mary to try to become the Queen of England. He and his allies planned to restore Mary to the Scottish throne and ensure her succession to the English throne. Mary agreed to these plans and wed Norfolk, which would lead to becoming closer allies to England. Dudley later admitted to Elizabeth of his plans and he was forgiven (Sapet 111). Mary had always wanted to claim the throne of England. Days after returning to Scotland, after her french husband's death, Mary had sent an advisor to Elizabeth asking to nominate her to the throne (Whitelock). Mary Queen of Scots had begun to overstep her boundaries, and had brought other people into this rivalry. Through the years of Queen Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots’ rivalry, different people from across the land had been involved.According to The Tudors-Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots, “The Catholics and Protestants played a large role in the rivalry between Mary Queen of Scots and Queen Elizabeth I.” (“The Tudors-Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots.”). Neither religious group could agree on the same queen. Mary had been fourth in line to the English throne. Thomas Babington played a role in Mary's execution. His letter with plans to murder Elizabeth was intercepted as it was being sent to Mary (“The Tudors-Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots.”). After Mary of Guise's passing, the Treaty of Edinburgh was proposed and the French withdrew their soldiers from English soil, and recognized Elizabeth's right to rule. Mary was under suspicion of killing her husband at the time, Lord Darnley, with her lover, who was also accused of the murder, James Hepburn Earl of Bothwell. Elizabeth was shocked to hear this news, and wrote to Mary urging her to leave and telling her that she thinks of her as her own daughter and shall treat her as one. Weeks later she married Hepburn, civilians were outraged and made her sign an abdiction, a document relinquishing her role as queen. She fled to Elizabeth (Whitelock). Mary Queen of Scots had begun to overstep her boundaries, and had started to become crazy with the thought of power and with the thought of overthrowing Elizabeth. Although Elizabeth I cared for Mary as if she was her own daughter, their actions towards one another became more severe as the rivalry progressed. When Mary fled to England, Elizabeth I had a few options on what she could do to her. She could either send Mary back to Scotland to her death, or she could have sent her to Spain or France, which would have led to an overthrow in Protestantism in Scotland. What Elizabeth decided to do was imprison her for nineteen years. Elizabeth did not want to hurt Mary, and against parliament's best wishes, she kept her locked away. It wasn't until Sir Francis Walsingham provided proof that Mary was plotting to escape and kill Elizabeth to have the throne, Elizabeth was forced to take action against her. Letters were sent to Mary from her supporters, that contained plots to kill Elizabeth, so Mary could become queen. Elizabeth found out about these letters and was not pleased. Mary had pleaded innocent, but after being proven guilty to writing those letters, Elizabeth was left with few choices (Regan 27-28). Elizabeth had begun to care for Mary, but she was forced to realize that Mary had become a renegade. Unfortunately for Mary Queen of Scots, the rivalry did not end in her favor. Elizabeth had discovered the letters that were sent to Mary with plans on how to kill Elizabeth in them (“The Tudors-Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots.”). The plan was called the Babington Plot and it was planned by the Catholics as an uprising. The letters revealed the planning to assassinate Elizabeth and have Mary accede to the throne (Whitelock). Elizabeth had no other choice than to have Mary executed (“The Tudors-Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots.”). Mary was moved to the Fotheringhay Castle where she would be tried for treason (Whitelock). Mary had declined to her plans to escape and to kill Elizabeth. She was taken to court and found guilty. Even though Elizabeth and Mary were rivals, Elizabeth found having to sign the death warrant to be incredibly difficult (Regan 29). Elizabeth I signed the death warrant on February 1, 1587 (Whitelock). Mary was beheaded on February 8, 1587 (Whitelock). Mary's death impacted not only England and Scotland, but the countries surrounding as well. After Mary Queen of Scots execution, there was a shift in the global community. Elizabeth wrote to James VI of Scotland and said Mary's death was a “miserable accident” (Sapet 122). According to Elizabeth I executes Mary, Queen of Scots: Immediately after Mary’s execution, Elizabeth claimed that her advisors had misunderstood her instructions and that they had executed Mary without her formal approval. She maintained that she had signed the execution warrant but had told her advisors not to enforce the order until she had given the final word. William Davison, a member of Elizabeth’s council, was arrested and convicted of treason and became the scapegoat as Elizabeth distanced herself from responsibility. ("Elizabeth I Executes Mary, Queen of Scots: February 8, 1587."). The execution of Mary Queen of Scots, changed the Elizabethan period for the better.
The Church of England had begun to solidify and strengthen ("Elizabeth I Executes Mary, Queen of Scots: February 8, 1587."). Mary’s death also impacted the countries that surround her. Henry III of France mourned for Mary's death. Civilians in France dressed in black and there was an idea to propose Mary Queen of Scots as a saint. The pope called for a crusade against Elizabeth and the Spanish Armada took place (Sapet 123). The rivalry strengthen England as a country. After the execution of Mary Queen of Scots, Philip II of Spain thought that now he must overthrow Elizabeth. There had been minor conflict between them and the execution was the final straw. He deployed the Spanish Armada which the english were favored to lose. Much to his displeasure the English did win (Adams
46-47). Mary Queen of Scots was beheaded by the orders of her cousin Elizabeth I for treasonous acts. From Mary’s birth, she was destined for the throne, but as she grew older she became a megalomaniac. The more people that became involved in the rivalry, the more aggressive Mary became to gain the power that Elizabeth I possessed, and unfortunately for Mary the rivalry resulted in her death. The death of Mary Queen of Scots greatly impacted the surrounding countries and eventually lead to the naval fleet, The Spanish Armada, coming to England. The rivalry between Queen Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots was one of the most notorious in history.
Elizabeth I had total control of politics in England. She showed this best by refusing to marry. This allowed her to “further her general policy of balancing the continental powers,” (Gale Biography Context). Because Elizabeth decided not to marry, she was able to have complete political power over England. Political power
On October 14, 1586, she was put on trial for plotting to kill Elizabeth and claim the English throne. The trial lasted two days, and she was found guilty, but she wasn’t executed until February 1587, and she wasn’t told when she was going to be executed until the day before her execution. On February 8, 1587, Mary Queen of Scots was executed. Reports state that the first blow to her neck did not go all the way through, so the executioner had to try again to cut off her head.
At the start of Elizabeth’s reign she began by making selections for her council. In her predecessor’s, Queen Mary’s, council was all staunch Catholics because Mary wanted all o...
E: Mary, Queen of Scots, has been found guilty of plotting to usurp Her Majesty the Queen and has been sentenced to death. … I suppose it was only a matter of time. In all the nineteen years she’s been imprisoned, she never once relented on the opinion that she should be Queen. I had hoped she wouldn’t have stooped as low as to actually attempt to overthrow me though. What did she think would happen were she to ascend the throne anyhow? That the public would welcome her with open arms? They have not forgotten the bloody persecution she wielded against them. The Catholic Church may prefer her as ruler, but my Church would not stand for her injustice. … Even though she desires to see me disposed, I do not wish her dead. Despite our differences
People believed that Queen Elizabeth would restore the protestant faith after her sister, Mary destroyed it by persecuting all protestant people. The queen wished to follow this request, as she had grown up protestant and was raised to stay true to the lord. Although, she was dedicated to reestablishing her own beliefs, Elizabeth decided it was best to let Catholicism die out naturally rather than getting involved with the head of the church. Eventually, she succeeded, the majority of England’s population turned to Protestantism leaving very few Catholics. Despite the fact that Elizabeth wanted all of England to become followers of the protestant religion, she was extremely tolerant of all faiths and thought nobody deserved to be persecuted unless they were disturbing England’s peace. Queen Elizabeth I proclaimed the following, "There is only one Christ, Jesus, one faith" she exclaimed later in her reign, "all else is a dispute over trifles." She believed that as long as her fellow citizens followed the laws of the lord, they were allowed to practice whatever belief felt right to them. Elizabeth did not want the church to become a place of violence and disagreement, instead she ensured the church was welcoming to both Catholics and Protestants. People were willing to agree with the queen’s beliefs because she recognized that she was not a perfect protestant; however, Elizabeth prayed everyday hoping she would become a better follower of God. She shared her personal experiences with others, proving to them that she too was a normal person and made mistakes often. Overall, Queen Elizabeth I shaped the face of religion for England by allowing the people to follow the faith of their choosing and reestablishing Protestant
When Mary I’s catholic bishops refused to swear an oath declaring Elizabeth the Queen of the new church, most refused. Elizabeth I was raised Protestant in a predominantly Catholic society, which helps explain why she felt so passionately about religious freedom. She often proclaimed that she believed Protestants and Catholics were of the same religion. During her reign, she only persecuted individuals or groups when they threatened the religious freedom of others.
This case study tells us that the varied perceptions of every individual in a team will give rise to communication barriers (perceptual barriers). Fear, opportunism and mistrust also stops us from communicating effectively with our co-workers (emotional barriers). Knowlton Roberts is collaborative team leader and hardworking man. He is insecure and he generally don’t reveal those insecurities with his boss or team. Dr. Harold is the Director of research and supervisor of Roberts’s team. He has very high expectations of his group and he is not attentive to his team. Rankle is a new comer who is brilliant, aggressive, opportunist and not a team player.
During the 16th century in England, Queen Mary was the monarch in power. She was also known as "Bloody Mary." Queen Mary was a Catholic. She had attempted to get rid of all the Protestants in the kingdom through executions and harassment; therefore, the nickname "Bloody Mary" (Greatsite). Elizabeth, Mary's sister, was a Protestant who was imprisoned by the Queen for her beliefs (Greatsite). Queen Mary died of a unknown disease and when this happened, Elizabeth was next in line for the throne. When Elizabeth assumed the throne of England, she forced the Catholics to pledge loyalty to the Church of England. King Phillip II of Spain did not like Elizabeth's stand in opposition to Catholicism, so he responded by creating the Spanish Armada. This was a fleet of Spanish ships that first sailed in 1588 (Trueman). The Spanish Armada was created to overthrow Queen Elizabeth and the English empire. However, this attempt to overthrow Queen Elizabeth was thwarted by Francis Drake (Trueman).
Mary was the daughter of King Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, (Master) “Mary I Queen of England” states that Mary was “the only child born to Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon to survive childhood.” Mary grew up as the center of attention for many many years and had a very good childhood as the young princess. although her childhood was good, her parents did get a divorce declaring her as a bastard child, taking away her royal title as princess. That didn't stop her though, she did restore her title and became the first queen of inheritance ever. (Master) Protestant propaganda has slandered the name of Mary, giving her the terrifying and misleading nickname “Bloody Mary”.
Elizabeth and her cousin Mary Queen of Scots often clashed, both personally and politically. Eventually, they wanted one another dead. Mary Queen of Scots wanted to be the queen of England and was ready to attack them. French forces increased their numbers, without planning to attack England. However, Elizabeth was worried and decided to attack. She sent her weak army up to Scotland and was easily defeated. Mary laughed in her face and sent back one of her men wearing the French colors. Later on Elizabeth sent an assassin to kill her and it was successful. Mary Queen of Scots was killed.
Mary went on to re-implement the Catholic faith in England, however not the Catholic faith before her father broke with Rome. Mary was attempting to go along with the Counter Reformation happening on the continent. This showed great th...
After the death of Henry in 1547, a 10 year old Edward came to the throne. The English Church became increasingly Protestant in worship and doctrine under the Protestant Lord Somerset. Mary succeeded the throne after Edward’s death in 1553. Mary was a devout Catholic and saw it her mission to restore Catholicism back to England. She used mainly persecution to do this, by burning Protestants for not renouncing their beliefs, these actions turned many English people against Catholicism.
Mary was then imprisoned in Loch Leven Castle, which was said to be for Darnley’s death, but she then escaped a year later (“Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots” par 7-8). She then went to her cousin, Elizabeth, for protection. Soon, Mary divorced Hepburn, and he then died of insanity, in a Netherland prison, in 1578 (“Mary, Queen of Scots” par 12-15). Mary was accused for the Babington Plot, which called for the assassination of Elizabeth. Many say that this plot was also to trap Mary, since many people wanted to kill her.
Eakins, Lara. “Elizabeth I Queen of England.” Tudorhistory.org. Lara E. Eakins. 2014. Web. 30 April 2014.
If a woman is not in a relationship with a man, just single and on her own, she is considered a lesbian. It does not seem reasonable to consider a woman to be a lesbian just because she is not with a man. There is actually a lesbian spectrum for women to follow to check their sexuality either being with a man, single, or being with another woman. Mary Astell was a famous feminist writer in eighteenth century Europe. This time was known as the Enlightenment period, where ideas were reforming against the social norm. She stood up for women’s rights and fought against man’s ideal thoughts about women. She was a single women for her whole life. She never got married, she did not see the purpose in it. During the Enlightenment period, this idea