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Utilitarianism ethics
The importance of utilitarianism
John stuart mill's philosophy of happiness essay
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Utilitarianism is the moral beliefs than an achievement is right if the outcome is greatest for most people. I was given three hundred dollars for my birthday; I would donate a portion of the money to hungry children for potential food and still have money left for the Coach Bag or Armani Exchange outfit knock-offs at Target then the real things at the Nordstrom downtown. I would donate the money because the greatest happiness Principle said the children need more than I do. Also, if I decision to donate the money to the hungry children, then that has a higher level of happiness and has a bigger impact on the world. The hungry children need the money more than I need the money to buying new designer clothes. If the hungry children are given …show more content…
food, then it reduces their suffering. According to the Greatest Happiness Principle, “holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.
By happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of pleasure” (82, John Stuart Mill). The Greatest Happiness Principle said that happiness if pleasure and the absence of pain are the only desirable things that are “inherently good” or “moral inherently”. John Stuart Mill argues that engagements are principled when they indication to a higher level of happiness, and not corrupted when they tend to lend to a lower level of happiness. According to John Stuart Mill, anything is desirable as it is a source of for such pleasure. John Stuart Mill believes that “life has (as they express it) no higher end than pleasure” (82, John Stuart Mill). According to John Stuart Mill, buying the food for the children will bring me much higher …show more content…
level of happiness. The children will get the food and end their suffering leading to a higher level of happiness for both me and the children. If I buy the Coach Bag or Armani Exchange outfit at the Nordstrom downtown, then I would have lower level of happiness because it is an item which I do not need to acquire. By donating half the money to the hungry children happiness is accomplished since according to Mill, happiness is accomplished with the absence of pain. If I donate the money to the children I will not feel the pain to know that they are starving. Therefore, I am happy and have a higher level of happiness. When a person is making a moral decision utilitarianism, they need to take account the quality and the quantity of the pleasure that has a resulting from it. John Stuart Mill describes the differences between higher and lower pleasure in quality. John Stuart Mill states that some types of pleasure are more important and more valuable than other. According to John Stuart Mill, a pleasure is higher if people selected it over another pleasure, even if it is followed with unpleasantness, and the person would not swap it for another pleasure and even if it is better. John Stuarts Mill explains that it is an unquestionable fact that if people are given a choice between the two, they would prefer the one that has higher faculties. Higher pleasures are more valuable than lower pleasures. People need higher pleasures more than lower pleasures. According to utilitarianism, the idea is for the society to set instructions that maximum higher pleasure. Purchasing the clothes is an example lower pleasure because they do not give something that is needed. Also, by donating the money that is a higher pleasure because likes intellectual pleasure (Reading a book that makes a person question how our society works and the world and having a higher pleasure). A lower pleasure is a pleasure that does not have a great impact on society or is immoral (A lower pleasure would be watching a comedy movie or playing video games.). John Stuart Mill argues that intellectual and moral pleasures are more important. It is a way to reach an agreement what is the best and moral decision, so the moral decision which be to donate the money. Also, I will have learned something about this experience; by feeding the children, then I am given the opportunity to save a couple of lives or stop their suffering. If I donate the money then I would save a life giving me a higher pleasure. By buying the clothes that would be a lower pleasure because I would be happy for a little and not learn anything about the world. Feeding the children has a greater and bigger importance then me purchasing the Coach Handbag and Armani Exchange outfit. In addition, according to John Stuart Mill feeding the children is a higher pleasure in quality than purchasing the designer items. If I decide to donate the money to the hungry children, then that's has a great benefit to the society.
By donating the money I have a bigger impact on the world. If I buy the clothes then I do not have that great of an impact on the world. John Stuart Mill sates that people are capable of picking the higher pleasure, but are influenced of temptation by the lower pleasure but they know which one is the least valuable. The person is perfectly aware that by donating the money to hungry children that is the higher pleasure but they are encouraged by the lower pleasure, so they end up picking the lower pleasure, which they buying new clothes does not have a impact or important impact on society. Learning how to pick the best optional would get the person a higher level of happiness or pleasure in that matter. Trying to figure out which one is the higher pleasure and lower pleasure for society. By picking the lower pleasure they are incapable of picking the other optional. “... being the preference felt by those who, in their opportunities of experience, to which must be added their habits of self-consciousness and self-observation, are best furnished with the means of comparison.” (84, John Stuart Mill ). People who engage higher faculties are often less satisfied, because they have a wider sense of the boundaries of the world. John Stuart Mill argues that people tend to go for lower pleasures do not have experience with higher pleasure, so they will pick the lower pleasure
since they have always understood the world that way. The person is not a proper position to judge what has a better or bigger impact in the world is. Buying food for the hungry children has a bigger impact on the world, and I still have money left to buy the knock-off at target. If I was given three hundred dollars for my birthday to spend on Coach Bag or Armani Exchange outfit or donate a portion of the money to hungry children for potential food and still have money left for the Coach Bag or Armani Exchange outfit knock-offs at Target. I would choose to donate half of the money to the hungry children because the greatest happiness Principle that said that the children need the money more than I do to buy designer clothes. Also if I decision to donate the money to the hungry children, then that has a higher level of happiness and has a bigger impact on the world. The Greatest Happiness Principle states that happiness is pleasure and the absence of pain. If I donate the money I would have a higher level of happiness for myself and the children. Donating half the money to the hungry children a bigger impact on the world and making me see the different options.
Mill grew up under the influences from his father and Bentham. In his twenties, an indication of the cerebral approach of the early Utilitarians led to Mill’s nervous breakdown. He was influential in the growth of the moral theory of Utilitarianism whose goal was to maximize the personal freedom and happiness of every individual. Mill's principle of utility is that “actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness”. Utilitarianism is the concept that a man should judge everything based on the ability to promote happiness for the greatest number of individual. He believes that Utilitarianism must show how the conversion can be made from an interest in one’s own particular bliss to that of others. John Stuart Mill also states that moral action should not be judged on the individual case but more along the lines of “rule of thumb” and says that individuals ought to measure the outcomes and settle on their choices in view of the consequence and result that advantages the most people. Mill believes that pleasure is the only wanted consequence. Mill supposes that people are gifted with the capacity for conscious thought, and they are not happy with physical delights, but rather endeavor to accomplish the joy of the psyche too. He asserts that individuals want pleasure and reject
For more than two thousand years, the human race has struggled to effectively establish the basis of morality. Society has made little progress distinguishing between morally right and wrong. Even the most intellectual minds fail to distinguish the underlying principles of morality. A consensus on morality is far from being reached. The struggle to create a basis has created a vigorous warfare, bursting with disagreement and disputation. Despite the lack of understanding, John Stuart Mill confidently believes that truths can still have meaning even if society struggles to understand its principles. Mill does an outstanding job at depicting morality and for that the entire essay is a masterpiece. His claims throughout the essay could not be any closer to the truth.
Utilitarianism defined, is the contention that a man should judge everything based on the ability to promote the greatest individual happiness. In other words Utilitarianism states that good is what brings the most happiness to the most people. John Stuart Mill based his utilitarian principle on the decisions that we make. He says the decisions should always benefit the most people as much as possible no matter what the consequences might be. Mill says that we should weigh the outcomes and make our decisions based on the outcome that benefits the majority of the people. This leads to him stating that pleasure is the only desirable consequence of our decision or actions. Mill believes that human beings are endowed with the ability for conscious thought, and they are not satisfied with physical pleasures, but they strive to achieve pleasure of the mind as well.
The foundation of Utility is based on John Stuart Mill's notion that one must strive to act in such a way to produce the greatest good of the greatest number. Utility itself relies on the responsibility of the individual to remain impartial in his endeavor to produce the greatest good, looking past such extrinsic influences that may render the individual to seek a biased sense of satisfaction. In order for Utility to function as Mill wanted it to, honest judgment and objectivity must be an essential part of one's drive for the acquisition of the greatest good.
Case: You are at home one evening with your family, when all of a sudden, a man throws open the door. He’s holding a shotgun in his hands, and he points it directly at your family. It seems he hasn’t seen you yet. You quietly and carefully retrieve the pistol your father keeps in his room for home protection. Are you morally allowed to use the pistol to kill the home invader?
In John Stuart Mill’s literature (575-580), he describes a system of ethics which he dubs as Utilitarianism. Mill’s Utilitarianism is unique because it is a Consequentialist theory – it focuses on the consequences of things, rather than individual processes involved. In other words, Mill argues that, for an action to be morally correct, it must solely contribute towards benefitting the greater good and maximizing humanity’s happiness. I argue that this ethical theory is flawed and cannot be used as a standard to gauge the morality of our actions because, since Utilitarianism is so entrenched on the outcomes that are produced, it has the potential to sanction clearly wrong actions, so long as they promote the general welfare. In this critique,
Mill made a distinction between happiness and sheer sensual pleasure. He defines happiness in terms of higher order pleasure (i.e. social enjoyments, intellectual). In his Utilitarianism (1861), Mill described this principle as follows:According to the Greatest Happiness Principle … The ultimate end, end, with reference to and for the sake of which all other things are desirable (whether we are considering our own good or that of other people), is an existence exempt as far as possible from pain, and as rich as possible enjoyments.Therefore, based on this statement, three ideas may be identified: (1) The goodness of an act may be determined by the consequences of that act. (2) Consequences are determined by the amount of happiness or unhappiness caused. (3) A "good" man is one who considers the other man's pleasure (or pain) as equally as his own.
John Stuart Mill argues that the rightness or wrongness of an action, or type of action, is a function of the goodness or badness of its consequences, where good consequences are ones that maximize the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. In this essay I will evaluate the essential features of Mill’s ethical theory, how that utilitarianism gives wrong answers to moral questions and partiality are damaging to Utilitarianism.
“Utilitarianism is the creed which accepts as the foundations of morals utility of the greatest happiness principle holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.” (Mil, 90). Utilitarianism ethics is based on the greatest good for the greatest number meaning that the moral agent does what he/she thinks will be
The main principle of utilitarianism is the greatest happiness principle. It states that, "actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of pleasure" (Mill, 1863, Ch. 2, p330). In other words, it results with the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people that are involved.
John Stuart Mill claims that people often misinterpret utility as the test for right and wrong. This definition of utility restricts the term and denounces its meaning to being opposed to pleasure. Mill defines utility as units of happiness caused by an action without the unhappiness caused by an action. He calls this the Greatest Happiness Principle or the Principle of Utility. Mill’s principle states that actions are right when they tend to promote happiness and are wrong when they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. Happiness is defined as intended pleasure and the absence of pain while unhappiness is defined as pain and the lack of pleasure. Therefore, Mill claims, pleasure and happiness are the only things desirable and good. Mill’s definition of utilitarianism claims that act...
Utilitarianism can be defined as: the right action is the one that produces the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. Utilitarians seem to believe that humans only have two desires, or motivations: happiness and pain. They want as much happiness as possible and the least amount of pain as any other action. Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory, meaning that whether it is right, depends solely on its consequences.
Being a Hedonist, Mill tries to respond to what is referred to as The Philosophy of Swine Objection: ‘since hedonistic utilitarianism suggests that nothing is good except pleasure, it is a philosophy worthy of pigs. Human happiness is different from animal happiness, in fact humans have higher faculti...
In this paper I will present and critically assess the concept of the principle of utility as given by John Stuart Mill. In the essay “What Utilitarianism Is” #, Mill presents the theory of Utilitarianism, which he summarizes in his “utility” or “greatest happiness principle” # (Mill 89). Mill’s focus is based on an action’s resulting “happiness,” # pleasure and absences of pain, or “unhappiness,” # discomfort and the nonexistence of contentment, rather than the intentions involved (Mill 89). After evaluating Mill’s principle, I will then end this essay by discussing my personal opinion about the doctrine and how I believe it can be altered to better suit real-life situations.
...attainment of happiness is oftentimes difficult, so we are morally justified in searching to essentially reduce the amount of unhappiness and pain experienced by the human beings impacted by some of our actions. According to Mill, the absence of pleasure is only acceptable when it is for the greater good of humanity.