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Impacts of child sexual abuse
Repressed memory psychology
The psychological effect of rape on children
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Recommended: Impacts of child sexual abuse
Introduction:
According to the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation. “Repressed memories are memories that have been blocked from conscious perception as a result of significant stress or trauma.” (2011). When we experience a significant degree of stress or trauma, our sympathetic nervous system becomes hyperactivated and overwhelms our brain. The brain is overwhelmed with surges of intense emotions and stimulation via the sympathetic nervous system.
Added to the above, Repressed memories occurs from being under stress with experiences of trauma event or incident such as childhood sexual abuse, being a victim of a crime, loss of loved one, rape or bad experiences in life. Another reason why repressed memories occur
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In carry out the initiation the female student will be blindfolded while being rape and threating them not to tell anyone or they risk there life. And in fear not to lose their life, so many of the victim will not tell anybody but kept sustain injuries to themselves, death or live with the trauma for the rest of their life but unfortunate for this lady and the rest of the cult member their last victim report to her mother who expose their evil deal to the authority and they got …show more content…
In my own personal beliefs that have repressing memories happen then there should be the following that:
Indicate that the abuse/traumatic even actually occurred i.e. the case study that l presented.
Indicate that the abuse was actually forgotten and inaccessible for some period of time. i.e. the case must be excluded that can be explained by the victims trying not to think about the events, and pretending the events never occurred in the first place or deriving a secondary gain by claiming to have amnesia.
Indicate that the memory loss could not be explained by any biological causes
Indicate that the abuse was later remembered
In my conclusion, it is not unusual to forget an event like my article because a sexual assault can be forgotten in the same way that an ordinary memories can where is the notion of repressions in not really needed. Trauma does create scars in memory resulting in remarkable intense and consistence recollections over a long periods as long as people may wish to forget painful experiences then the details remains fully in mind in their own
6. With respect to the controversy regarding reports of repressed memories of sexual abuse, statements by major psychological and psychiatric associations suggest that:
Stress at the time no doubt affected the victim’s memory of her attacker. When stressed the brain is not at its greatest when it comes to memory formation and retrieval. When the body is stressed it starts to pump adrenal glands like there’s no tomorrow. The trauma by actually being ra...
Even though our bodies are in one place, our minds may be in another. In Martha Stout’s essay “When I Woke Up Tuesday Morning, It Was Friday,” the author introduces us to the idea of dissociation. Dissociation is when one’s mind is away from the body and he or she does not know what is going on in the physical world. Those that have traumatic histories may experience this. But because of dissociation, victims may not know if they had a traumatic past because a memory of it never really formed. Stout also finds that individuals may use dissociation as a way to protect themselves from trauma. Sometimes the slightest and smallest piece of a traumatic memory may bring into play the dissociation. When these individuals experience dissociation and become their “flyaway selves,” they do not remember what happened to them in the time they were “away.” For example, whenever “Los Angeles” was mentioned to Julia, one of Stout’s patients, she would “flyaway” as a way to protect herself from remembering any of the traumatic experiences that happened to her when she lived in Los Angeles. But Julia did not remember going through any traumatic experiences in her history because the memory never really formed. When she would “flyaway,” Julia would blackout and not recall any of the things she had done in the days previous to her “waking up” again. Stout came to the conclusion that Julia was abused as a child and as a way to escape during the abuse, she would become dissociated with her surroundings and what was happening to her. To not remember one’s own past puts them on a very vulnerable and difficult trail; dissociation may seem a way to protect oneself, but at the same time it’s harmful.
Wilson J.T.L., Teasdale, G.M., Hadley, D.M., & Wiedmann, K.D., Lang, D. (2012). Post-traumatic amnesia: still a valuable yardstick. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 56, 198-201
Repressed vs. false memories has been a critical debate in criminal cases and daily life problems. Throughout the years many people has claimed to recover repressed memories with the simplest triggers varying from a gaze to hypnosis. However, a large number of repressed memories claimed are considered as false memories because the images were induced through hypnosis and recalled during a therapy sesion. In the film “divided memories” the main intention was to inform the audience the importance of repressed memories and how those memories can change the lives of the people involved, whether the memory was considered repressed or false. It shows different cases of women being victims of sexual abuse in childhood and how they had those memories repressed. Additionally, the film
Repressed memories is a topic that has been an ongoing dispute among some, however ac...
...to see when this reconstruction mainly happens. Does it happen while encoding or retrieval. This would help us in understanding the reconstructive aspect of memory further. Thereupon conscious efforts could be taken to reduce false memories in individuals suffering from psychological disorders. As some disorders are usually a result of misinterpretation of events in life due to perverted inner beliefs or fears, this can be an appropriate intervention . Classically, it is true for adult reconstruction of childhood abuse and trauma which is widely studied. The research shows that these sort of memories are often distorted and self created, with no relevance to reality. Hence, it is of great value to study these false or partially false memories, as they can lead to severe psychiatric conditions such as depression and multiple personality disorder (Frankel et.al 1993).
Answers to these questions are complex and incomplete. As an anxiety disorder, PTSD has its foundations in fear and "emotional memory." Like factual memory, emotional memory also involves the storage and recall of events and details; this has been termed the explicit or conscious memory (2). Emotional memory, though, has a second, distinct component. This facet, t...
With people who are suffering from PTSD their brain is still in overdrive long after the trauma has happened. They may experience things like flashbacks, nightmares, hallucinations, panic attacks, and deep depression. They tend to avoid things that remind them of their trauma and are constantly on high alert waiting for the next possible traumatic event to take place; in events such...
Consequently, any major incidents that involve severe head injuries by force may cause retrograde amnesia. So, what is the significance of short and long-term memory storage in relation to amnesia? Through encoding and retrieval, we are able to experience external events; record them in our sensory memory; where they become encoded in our short-term memory; and then eventually encoded to our long-term memory—which is beneficial to our retrieving process. Again, imagine waking up one morning with a memory deficit, due to an incident that you have no idea occurred. How do you imagine you would react?
Recently there has been an extreme debate between "false" vs. "repressed" memories of abuse. A false memory is created when an event that really happened becomes confused with images produced by trying to remember an imagined event. The term false memory syndrome refers to the notion that illusionary and untrue memories of earlier child abuse can be 'recalled' by adult clients during therapy. In an increasingly polarized and emotive debate, extreme positions have been adopted, on one side by those believing that recovered memories nearly always represent actual traumatic experiences, for example, Fredrickson (1992) who argues for a 'repressed memory syndrome' and, on the other side, by those describing a growing epidemic of false memories of abuse which did not occur. (Gardner, 1992; Loftus, 1993; Ofshe & Watters, 1993; Yapko, 1994).
Trauma causes the “areas of the brain involved in memory, particularly the amygdala and the hippocampus” to stop working properly (Stout 421). Stout talks about how the “amygdala [normally] receives sensory information[,] … attaches emotional significance to [it], and then passes [it] to the hippocampus” (421). However, she states, “traumatic input is not usefully organized by the hippocampus … or integrated with other memories (421). The memories of a traumatic experience cannot be remembered as a whole and cannot be easily communicated to others due to a temporary shut down of “Broca’s area, [which is the part] of the brain that translates experience into language” (421). Because of the brain and how it functions under emotional stress, memories can become difficult to communicate to others, preventing the formation of strong bonds with others.
When a child is under undue stress and crisis, memory systems, encoding of experiences and storage of memories are not the neural priority (Porges 2007). While implicit contextual, sensory and emotional information is available, neural networks do not offer priority to retrieval of the memory. Therefore, triggers to the event tend to be sensory or emotional and often difficult to understand. Neurobiologically, it appears that these memories are not stored by the hippocampus initially in short term memory, possibly due to the heightened state of arousal which affects memory storage ( Badenoch, 2015). While memory is often irretrievable during the trauma, the individual will often be able to recall events and acknowledge details once distanced from the traumatic relationship (Bernstein & Freyd, 2014). Bernstein and Freyd (2014) discussed that in betrayal trauma, information is often omitted, and incidents selectively processed to achieve the maintenance of the bond the maltreating
Trauma is a psychological reaction to sudden traumatic events and overwhelming issues from outside. Additionally, the exposure to activities that are outside the human’s normal experiences. Traumatic events become external and incorporate into the mind (Bloom, 1999, p. 2). Traumatization happens when the internal and external forces do not appropriately cope with the external threat. Furthermore, trauma causes problems because the client’s mind and body react in a different way and their response to social groups. The symptoms of trauma relate to irritability, intrusive thoughts, panic and anxiety, dissociation and trance-like states, and self-injurious behaviors (Bloom, 1999, p. 2). Childhood trauma happens when they live in fear for the lives of someone they love (Bloom, 1999, p. 2). Judith Herman’s trauma theory states that the idea of repressed memories relates to unconscious behavior. These repressed behaviors include those inhibited behaviors relate to memories of childhood abuse. From McNally’s point of view memories of trauma cannot be repressed especially those that are more violent (Suleiman, 2008, p. 279). In addition, one of the theories used to dealing with trauma includes the coping theory. With situations, people tend to use problem-solving and emotion-focused coping. Emotion-focused coping happens when people are dealing with stressors. When the stressors become more