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How the media influences stereotypes
How the media influences stereotypes
How the media influences stereotypes
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Archaeology not only plays a large part within our discovery and understanding of the world, but is widely adapted among popular media; raising the question, is archaeology properly represented? Holtorf et al. states that the masses have found archaeological appeal in their media deriving from idealized clichés, metaphors, and stereotypes, rather than truth and facts (10); drawing incorrect representations of archaeology in the process. Moe et al. insists that ethics are essential when teaching and practicing archaeology, to students and the public, in order to create a responsible and intelligent society (111-112), whereas the media only depicts extreme misrepresentations of archaeology. Furthermore, Feder declares that pseudoscience themes …show more content…
Demoule adds that all excavations require time and complex organization, some may take up to several years to complete properly (6-7). Throughout the film, the major theme of characters’ disinterest towards proper archaeological techniques does nothing to aid the archeological field. For example: during their journey, a chasm impedes them, instead of preserving a monumental column, they use explosives to send the column crashing over the chasm, creating a bridge. This method goes entirely against archaeological methods and displays the team’s complete ignorance to the ethics and discipline of archaeology. Ramifications of these actions are ignored by the film, and do not mention what the results this destructive action will have on the civilization. Additionally, these actions completely misrepresent methods and attitudes within the actual field; Demoule correctly writes that excavation is a destructive process and that archeologists often feel guilty over the irreparable damage caused (6). The film overlooks, and ignores, the fact that the majority of archaeologists care deeply for their delicate subjects and specimens. These inaccuracies are detrimental to the field, because it gives the public misleading information, and could lead to the harming of archaeological finds. Finding archaeological evidence heavily relies on chance, and are typically found by average …show more content…
The expedition team is nearly entirely made up of mercenaries; labeling the explorers as ‘dangerous’ and ‘greedy’. The protagonist lands in the same unoriginal category Holtorf et al. describes; the foreign hero that saves the civilization (62). All characters within the film encompass the four main themes described by Holtorf et al.: adventurer, detective, revelations, and caretaker (104), and none of these themes provide an accurate representation of archaeologists. The film focuses on action, rather than creating real-life depictions of different anthropological fields; the film turns the geological field into continues punchlines and glosses over linguistics, failing to explain a key concept – how do the Atalanteans speak English? Mass media must focus on portraying archaeologists truthfully, as intelligent, helpful researchers, who wish to discover more about the earth’s history, rather than using the same plots and characters constantly rehashed and falsely
The second question frequently asked regarding Schliemann’s legacy examines his motives and skill as an excavator: was Heinrich Schliemann a good archaeologist? This question has two sides. First, did Schliemann use the best techniques and technology available to him at time of his first excavation? Second, did he have the same values that other archaeologists have?
Moundville has been the focus of a large amount of archaeological interest due to its impressive earthworks. Clarence B. Moore produced well-publicized works. During his time in Moundville in 1905 and 1906, Moore pierced the mounds with “trial holes,” finding numerous burials and related artifacts. Unlike many treasure hunters, Moore donated the majority of his find...
Imagine that one piece of history that is taken from a town. This piece of history tells l people how this town was built and all the important people that were apart of the community. “Returning Antiquities to Their Countries of Origin” by Joyce Mortimer can many people about how objects are getting taken from Museums. They should be returned immediately. There are so many artifacts out there that could be so important to people, and if someone can just imagine what it would feel to have one of the most important object taken from a museum and to be never returned again. Many people enjoy seeing these objects so why are they being taken?
The first being that Deloria makes this writing very entertaining to read because he makes fun of the anthropologists which is not something one may see often because most people believe that anthropologists are some sort of “higher being” that seems to know no wrong. He also points out extensive flaws in the way anthropologist performed their research. One way being how anthropologist seem to treat the Indians more like test subjects rather than the actual human beings that they are. This article also appeared to open many anthropologists’ eyes because modern anthropologists seem to hold a better understanding of the responsibility they have concerning the people that they study.
In her book Around the World in 30 Years, Barbara Gallatin Anderson presents a convincing and precise representation of the many aspects that go into the being a cultural anthropologist. Her visually impacting story follows her around the world throughout her personal career. The attention to detail and thorough explanations make the reader feel as though they too are an anthropologist. Anderson uses a unique structure of information throughout the chapters of her book. An example of this is found towards the beginning: “In this, as in many other anthropological issues, fieldwork is to theory as air is to fire, illuminating the enticing scope of culture’s complexity.
In this article written by Miner, he describes the tribe of the Nacirema vividly and descriptively. The Nacirema are a tribe known for only twenty years. When they were discovered there was almost no information on them. They are a North American tribe that exists between the Canadian Cree, the Yaqui and Tarahumare of Mexico, and the Carib and Arawak of the Antilles (Miner). This area, with further investigation, is the area of the United States of America. The location alone causes the reader to be alert for Miner’s motives.
Stephen Shennan's concern with how non-state agrarian societies have been characterized by archaeological studies in the past is well founded. Characterizing (and categorizing) non-state societies as stepping-stones evolving into future states is an outdated approach to these studies. The approach he proposed would focus on our understanding the archaeological record as the remains of social practices, rather than generalized social institutions. He refers to Bourdieu's theory of practice, and stresses the need to ground social archaeology in the micro-scale of day-to-day activities in our analyses. The study of long-term change, patterns of inequality, domination and resistance can be investigated through statistical analysis of the distributions of outcomes.
These kind of problematic elements the reader notes incite the initial spark of doubt or confusion on the true state of the Nacirema and the perhaps ethnocentric bias of Horace Miner in publishing his research. However, a closer inspection of the pattern in which Nacirema live creates a further spark of confusion as the reader will note this pattern eerily resembles that of the American way of life and the details of which precisely match the practices of the American people. The reader notes that the shrine room is indeed a conventional bathroom, the holy-mouthman a Dentist, and that Notgnihsaw is actually Washington and the Nacirema are the America spelled backwards. Interestingly, deeper analysis shows that Miner’s satire, rather than the American condition, is truly concerning the way in which Anthropologists observe peoples with an ethnocentric bias or a clear definition of a normal versus abnormal. Miner suggests that Anthropologists often enough write off any “abnormal” practices as having supernatural or religious rites without any real reason apart from their unfamiliarity rather than deducing the true meaning which is already present within the community. He shows this by naming tap water, dentists, and medicinal practice as holy water, holy-mouthman, and rituals. In the film Margaret Mead and the Samoa, taking the account of Derek Freedman, we saw how a common and familiar concept like teenage mischief could be easily overlooked and evidenced as some culturally significant practice or law for a population simply due to the bias and “othering” of the peoples by the Anthropologist as was with Dr. Margaret Mead and the sexuality of the girls of Samoa.
In the same way, the article “The Life of An Artifact” written by Michael Shanks mainly discusses some of the key points of interpretive archaeology and the relations between social sciences and material culture. The author believes that material culture plays an active role in society, and that the society is built upon the presence of artifacts. He emphasizes that “artifacts The 727 canvas is the painting that shows Mr. DOB, a whimsical, sharp-toothed character riding the wave at the center. The character Mr. DOB’s full name is Bobozite, and it represents the image of Doraemon, a cat-like robot character from an anime series. The painting possesses a life-cycle that makes up the continuity or regeneration of the artifact (Takashi Murakami's 727).
Discussions in the 1970’s and 1980’s within both sides of the debate indicate population change, behavior change and natural processes to be the large determining factors (Attenbrow, 2004). Many archaeologists accepted there was a continuing increase over time in the number of archaeological sites established and used, as well as in the number of artefacts accumulated in individual sites, particularly in the past 5000 years (eg. Johnson 1979:39; Bowdler1981; Morwood 1984:371, 1986, 1987; Ross 1984, 1985:87; Beaton 1985: 16-18; Fletcher-Jones 1985: 282, 286; Lourandos 1985a: 393-411, 1985b: 38; White and Habgood 1985; Hiscock 1986) (Attenbrow, 2004). Population change refers to the changes in number of people or size of the population, behavioural changes referring to changes to activities such as tool manufacturing, subsistence practices as well as the use of space within a site (Attenbrow, 2004). Whilst natural processes include geomorphological and biological process that may have affected the archaeological record (At...
The premise behind this claim is a link between Ancient Egyptian pyramid building and the building structure of the earthen mounds found in North America. Using some complicated finagling of the math, the claim suggests that both the pyramids and the mounds have an angle of 51.8˚ to true north. Why this is important wasn’t made clear in the film, but it was used as evidence none the less and was used as proof that a more advanced society intervened in the building of the mounds. The film then offers that these claims are highly contested and that only a small, fringe group of individuals, called diffusionists, believe in these ideas. The film defines diffusionists as individuals who “believe contact between inhabitants of America and other geographies may have taken place before Christopher Columbus” and that these contacts acted as a trading system of cultural ideas and beliefs.
The elements of popular culture discussed above, were mainly produced for mass exposure, profit and entertainment. Products depicting archaeology relies on fantasy, imagination, myths and legends that were visualised and weaved into reality. The depiction of archaeology and archaeologists in popular culture, betray archaeology and send wrong messages that distorts the noble purpose of archaeology. Popular culture depicts archaeology as an adventure and a profession that will endure wealth and fame for its achievers. In films depicting archaeology, the general public is misinformed of who archaeologists are, and how they make their living and organize their work, as they were shown as freelance individuals who did not affiliate with any university or institution, except the character of Indiana Jones who was an archaeologist and an academic.
The professor and Billy were trying to translate the hieroglyphics found on the wall of the pyramid. I’m sure they were there because Egypt is a great place for an archaeologist to become famous by looking for ancient writings and secret pyramids. A priest opposed the archaeologists because they were finding out very important information that was too valuable for everyone in the world to find out. The priest tried to poison the archaeologist and his partner so that the secret didn’t get out. An alien ship (The Mondochewen) had sensed this danger and showed up at the pyramids to cover up this discovery. The aliens were harmless but the shock of finding out all of this at once made him faint, it may have been a heart attack. They opened up a secret room, which no one could access without a key, and took the treasures that could save the world. The Mondochewen did not believe that the stones were safe on earth anymore so they came and put them somewhere no one would find them. These treasures were stones, which contained the 4 basic elements of life (water, fire, earth, and wind). The myth written on the wall told of absolute evil coming and that these elements gathered around a fifth (Supreme Being) would be the protection of the universe.
Processual Archaeology, was a movement in the archaeological field that began in the 1960‘s and changed the course of archaeology forever. Anthropologists such as Julian Steward were absolutely influential on many archaeologists and anthropologists during the early 1960s with his theories of cultural ecology which established a scientific way of understanding cultures as human adaption to the surrounding environment (Steward, 1955: 36-38). It was approaches such as Stewards that led eventually led to a rejection of culture-historical approaches to the archaeological record and propelled the ideas of cultural evolution and its reaction with the environment. This approach to cultural systems was essentially a rejection of the culture-historical approach of determinism by suggesting that the environment influences culture but is not a deterministic feature and that both culture and the environment were two separate systems that are dependent on each other for change (Steward, 1955: 36).
According to The Society for American Archaeology, the definition of Archaeology is, “to obtain a chronology of the past, a sequence of events and dates that, in a sense, is a backward extension of history.” The study of ancient civilizations and archaeology is rather ambiguous due to the primitive nature of the time period. With little imagery and even less textual evidence, professionals in the field must work diligently when studying their subjects. Naturally, archaeologists cannot see or communicate with those whom they are studying, so they must be extraordinarily meticulous when analyzing past cultures. This relates to all aspects of the ancient world including; foods, raw materials, artifacts, agriculture, art work and pottery. All of these elements can collectively provide new and innovative information to curious archaeologists who may wish to gain a better understanding of those who came before us. This information is equally beneficial for both historians and archaeologists who plan to compare the histories of societies from all around the world. In the world of archaeology, archaeologists strive to better explain human behavior by analyzing our past. Therefore, the study of archaeology is a key element in understanding a time before our own.