1. Introduction Introduction to the Project In reciprocating compressors complete balancing of reciprocating masses is not possible. Hence, vibration is unavoidable. We are trying to reduce vibration level. We want to learn how to analyse vibration in reciprocating compressors. We know that vibration is main problem. It can cause resonance which can leads to the failure of the system. Figure 1 oil-free reciprocating compressor We have focused on only 10 HP oil-free reciprocating compressor, which is rotating at about 600 rpm. If unbalanced forces are rotating at such speed than obviously high vibration may occur. This compressor compresses air in two stages and both the cylinders are at the right angle. Hence, for the analysis we have primarily applied balancing of v-engines theory. By doing this we can find the mass of counter balance which is to be mounted on the crankshaft. 1.2 Aims & Objectives We want to learn: How vibration in the system are analysed. What are the factors which are affecting the vibration of the compressors. How to control vibration of the reciprocating compressor. How we can …show more content…
A Piezo-electric substance is one that produces an electric charge when a mechanical stress is applied. In a Piezo-electric accelerometer a mass is attached to a Piezo electric crystal which is in turn mounted to the case of the accelerometer. When the body of the accelerometer is subjected to vibration the mass mounted on the crystal wants to stay still in space due to inertia and so compresses and stretches the piezo electric crystal. This force causes a charge to be generated and due to Newton law (F=ma) this force is in turn proportional to acceleration. The charge output is converted to voltage output by the use of integral electronics (for example: in an IEPE accelerometer) or made available as a charge output (pc /g) in a charge output Piezo electric
...uctions with compressed air. Check for cracking, fraying, obvious looseness, and breaks on alternator fan and power steering pump drive belts
Roller screws are accustomed remodel rotary movement into linear movement and the other way around. The bearing components are threaded rollers positioned between the screw and therefore the nut. The massive variety of contact points permits roller screws to support terribly high loads. The roller screw is comparable to the ball screw with the distinction that the load transfer components are threaded rollers. When put next to standard ball screws, have the subsequent advantages: the most advantage of roller screws is that they need an outsized variety of contact points to support the load with higher permissible static and dynamic load capability. Due to the larger variety of contact points the bearing perform is ensured by uniform spreading of load over the threaded rollers rather than balls just in case of ball screws. It's higher mechanics and dynamics in operating condition, generates less vibration and lower noise. The transmission exactitude of PRS is higher and may add a lot of more durable condition. Because to these compensation, a lot of analysis on roller screw has been administrated, and therefore the roller screw has been utilized in the medical, aerospace, military, assembly, Food and drink, Plastics, textiles and machine tools industries.
Next, the refrigerant moves on to the next side of the refrigeration cycle, which is the high pressure side. The refrigerant leaves the compressor as a high temperature, high pressure gas and then moves to the condenser. At the condenser, the hot gas is condensed back to a liquid and it’s heat is given to the outside air. The refrigerant then moves from the condenser to the expansion valve where the amount of flow is restricted and lowers the pressure as the refrigerant leaves the expansion valve.
Question: Discuss the importance of Relief Valves in the unit operations in detail, and give the design criteria/ parameters/ models available equations in the literature. Support your work by giving a typical example from the literature.
A transducer is a mechanism that changes one form of energy to another form. A toaster is a transducer that turns electricity into heat; a loudspeaker is a transducer that changes electricity into sound. Likewise, an ultrasound transducer changes electricity voltage into ultrasound waves, and vice versa. This is possible because of the principle of piezoelectricity, which states that some materials (ceramics, quartz, and others) produce a voltage when deformed by an applied pressure. Conversely, piezoelectricity also results in production of a pressure whe...
Process ab: The vapour refrigerant entering the compressor is compressed to high pressure and temperature in an isentropic manner.
Once the ECU has the torque value, the mass air flow control acts on the butterfly valve to reach the torque value (the open percentage of the butterfly valve and mass air flow value come from a table which is used as in the case of torque estimation).
Humanity is threatened by the overwhelming growth of science and technology. People are expanding their knowledge through observation and experiment, oblivious to the consequences that result from improper motive. Isaac Asimov—author of The Life and Times of Multivac—uses the science of numbers, or mathematics, as a solution to the fear that arises in a world controlled by a human-like machine. What human beings are afraid of is losing the very word that separates them from everything else in the world—human, and they will do whatever they can to keep that title to themselves.
Application of an electric field across the ceramic creates a mechanical strain, and in a similar manner, application of a mechanical stress on the ceramic induces an electrical charge [4]. The fundamental component of a piezoelectric stack actuator is a wafer of piezoelectric material sandwiched between two electrodes. Prior to fabrication, the wafer is polarized uniaxially along its thickness, and thus exhibits significant piezoelectric effect in this direction only. A typical piezoelectric stack actuator is formed by assembling several of the wafer elements in series mechanically and connecting the electrodes so that the wafers are in parallel electrically, as illustrated in figure 5 [4]. The nominal quasi-static behaviour of a piezoelectric stack actuator is a steady-state output displacement that is monotonically related to the voltage
An air compressor is a device that converts mechanical or electrical power into potential energy stored in pressurized air compressor. By one of several methods an air compressor forces more and more air into the storage tank and increasing the pressure. When tank pressure reaches its limit the air compressor shuts off. The compressed air is then held in the tank until called for use. The energy contained in the compressed air can be used for a variety of applications, utilizing the kinetic energy of the air as it is released and the tank depressurizes.
A cascade is defined as an infinite row of equidistant similarly aerofoil bodies. The cascade is used to divert a flow stream with a minimal loss. The flow over an axial cascade presents a complicated intra blade fluid dynamic interaction that causes the flow to behave differently than the flow over a single aerofoil blade. The cascade is used to divert a flow stream with a minimal loss. It forms the basic block for the design and development of turbomachinery, particularly the axial compressor and axial turbine. The turbine usually shows tolerance to the blade design and alignment errors because blades of a turbine stage perform under a favorable pressure gradient whereas compressor blades are prone to aerodynamic losses because these have
Over the years my family has taken numerous road trips across the country. During these trips we would pass through countless wind farms which would peak my curiosity. Therefore, I decided to do some research into wind turbines.
NiSource is one of the biggest natural gas distribution companies in the USA. Company is not responsible for the production of natural gas, but rather purchases fossil fuel at the source and transmits supply thru its pipelines to industries and local costumers. Natural gas can be transported to distribution facilities in two ways: underground gas pipelines or shipped by the sea in LNG tankers. In nature during the extraction, natural gas exists as a gas, which needs to be captured by special pipeline system designed for gathering processes. Captured gas contains water and other impurities that have to be removed in production well. In order to be transported, it needs to be cooled and transformed into liquid, which increases transportation efficiency to processing units and improves transportation cost ratio. Regasification is the process when "wet", liquid natural gas is processed and changed to pipeline quality natural gas. Natural gas needs to be turned back to gas in order to be useful for residential and commercial customers. This process needs to be monitored and measured for quality and content of natural gas due to the risk of pipeline rupture and safety. "Natural gas entering the system that is not within certain specific gravities, pressures, Btu content range, or water content level will cause operational problems, pipeline deterioration, or even cause pipeline rupture."1 Natural gas transported to distributors is called "dry" gas due to the physical state.
In the field, most of the motors are induction motors. Now-a-days, industry has become more concerned about the performance of the motor. By improving the efficiency of motors we can save energy, reduce operating costs, and improve the End-User Profitability. In case of any failure, motors usually can be rewind, it is often worthy to replace a damaged motor with a new one to save energy and improve reliability.
This method is only done in wound rotor motors, by adding resistance to the rotor circuit in the rotor bars, this will affect the torque-speed curves greatly. This method is affective and not expensive.