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Language acquisition theories
Language acquisition theories
Language acquisition theories
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In Marianne Mithun and Wallace L. Chafe’s article “Recapturing the Mohawk Language”, the two authors focus on an important aspect of language that I strongly agree on. Mithun and Chafe demonstrate how native Mohawk speakers acquire unconsciously all necessary rules of the Mohawk language. I find that their discovery can be used as an argument to prove professor Ray Jackendoff’s first fundamental rule: mental grammar. To start, Mithun and Chafe give an important insight of the Mohawk language. In 1994 Jackendoff, a well known philosophy teacher, gave three fundamental arguments involving language, but I will only focus on mental grammar. Mental grammar, in brief, is the belief that our minds naturally and automatically carry knowledge
In this story, one of the original Navajo Code Talkers, Chester Nez, tells his story of what it was like to be a Code Talker. The role of Code Talkers was very important because they gave codes to soldiers on the front lines. These codes were secret messages sent regarding battlefield strategies and other types of details.In the text, the information that was sent was very crucial to the war’s outcome. According to the passage,they were also one of the most important roles in World War II. In the text, this was because their codes were unable to be cracked. This means that the role of Code Talkers was very important because their code was never able to be cracked and so it helped the Allies a lot.
Tanner, Laura E. "Uncovering the Magical Disguise of Language: The Narrative Presence in Richard Wright's Native Son." Appiah 132-146.
In part two the book is about the view of American Sign Language and the way people have naturally created grammar and the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language from basically nothing. He demonstrates that this languag...
Why is it significant that the Pueblo tradition of story telling makes no distinction between types of stories, such as historical, sacred, or just plain gossip?
Across Canada and the United States there are many First Nations languages which are a part of the Algonquian language family, all of which with varying states of health. Although these languages share many characteristics of the Algonquian language family, the cultures, systems of beliefs, and geographic location of their respective Nations differentiate them. In being shaped by the landscape, cultures, and spirituality of the First Nations, the language brings the speakers closer to their land and traditions while reaffirming their identity as First Peoples. Using the Blackfoot Nation to further explore this concept, this paper will show that while language threads together First Nations culture, spirituality, traditions and land, as well as their identity, each of these essential components also maintain and revitalize the language.
Considering historical evidence, the notion: Native –Americans was not the first inhabitant of America is a complete false. For centuries, history kept accurate and vivid accounts of the first set of people who domiciled the western hemisphere. Judging by those records, below are the first set of Native-American people who inhabited America before the arrival of another human race; the Iroquois: The Iroquois of Native Americans was one of the tribes that lived in America before other people came. Based on historical evidence, it is believed that the Native Americans came from Asia way back during the Ice Age through a land bridge of the Bering Strait. When the Europeans first set foot in America, there were about 10 million Native Americans
The Navajo code talkers were the people that made a very successful code for the army. By the Navajo code talkers exploring a new code, we won World War Two. This what they explored, encountered, and exchanged.
The Iroquois includes many Indian tribes speaking a language of the Iroquoian family, such as the Huron, Mohawk, Onondaga, and Seneca among others. However, the Huron is often spoken of separately. The Iroquois differs from the Iroquois Confederacy, also known as the Iroquois League. All of them were affected by the arrival and colonization by Europeans. While Iroquois have a reputation of being violent, they were at times peaceful and were employed by different European companies; they also spread their culture and some European ideas with them. The Iroquois League has been said to have influenced the Founding Fathers, but is that true? Another question is whether the Iroquois were cannibals. They believed in witchcraft, but witchcraft
During the war, the Japanese were highly adept at breaking Allied code, resulting in devastating losses. Philip Johnston, the son of a missionary serving on the Navajo reservation, approached the United States military with the idea of creating a code based on the Navajo language, and soon, a plan for the code was conceived. True Whisperers relates the story of those Navajos who, during World War II, answered their country's call, despite the longstanding troubled relationship between the government and the Indian nations. For the first time in generations, or perhaps, ever, the Navajo language was needed, and the Navajos, themselves, were needed. The irony of this call to duty is that the young boys whose language skills would prove invaluable
In the United States, an emphasize in learning the dominant language, English for example, can inevitably put other languages within the country in extinction. In reality, there are many other spoken languages in the United Sates, like those spoken by Native Americans, that are becoming endangered because of the immensity of more used languages. One may ask, what is an endangered language? According to Michael Cahill (Bonvillain), who has studied and researched many different endangered languages around the world, a language is endangered when "it is in fairly eminent danger of dying out." Cahill states two ways to quickly identify when a language is on its way to becoming endangered. One is when the "children in the community do not speak the native language of their parents, and the other is when there are only a small number of people left in the ethnolinguistic community" that know how to speak the language (Bonvillain). In specific, the Cherokee language fits into the category of an endangered language in the United Sates because less and less speakers speak it and because it is taught less often to younger generations as well. Although Cherokee, a language containing its own rules in grammar, morphemes, syntax, and phonetics, was once a language spoken in vast areas around the United States by native peoples, the language struggles to survive albeit historical foreign attack and current domination of other languages such as English.
Western Apache Language and Culture, written by Keith Basso, is a book that shows how the language of Western Apache is one of the most cultivating and unique languages. The book focuses merely on the examination of linguistics and anthropology within the Apache language. His research is based on the structure of language within Apache culture. This includes the study of verbs,nouns,names, etc. This book breaks down everything piece by piece which gives us very descriptive details and information. With the information given to us, we can uncover the true meaning of the language and one major question which is,”How does Apache language construct, conceive of and/or use names”.
In this paper the writer is going to present an overview of the field of neurolinguistics which is the study of the mental faculties involved in the perception, production, and acquisition of language. In other words, the neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language.
Still today, it is the commonly held belief that children acquire their mother tongue through imitation of the parents, caregivers or the people in their environment. Linguists too had the same conviction until 1957, when a then relatively unknown man, A. Noam Chomsky, propounded his theory that the capacity to acquire language is in fact innate. This revolutionized the study of language acquisition, and after a brief period of controversy upon the publication of his book, Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, in 1964, his theories are now generally accepted as largely true. As a consequence, he was responsible for the emergence of a new field during the 1960s, Developmental Psycholinguistics, which deals with children’s first language acquisition. He was not the first to question our hitherto mute acceptance of a debatable concept – long before, Plato wondered how children could possibly acquire so complex a skill as language with so little experience of life. Experiments have clearly identified an ability to discern syntactical nuances in very young infants, although they are still at the pre-linguistic stage. Children of three, however, are able to manipulate very complicated syntactical sentences, although they are unable to tie their own shoelaces, for example. Indeed, language is not a skill such as many others, like learning to drive or perform mathematical operations – it cannot be taught as such in these early stages. Rather, it is the acquisition of language which fascinates linguists today, and how it is possible. Noam Chomsky turned the world’s eyes to this enigmatic question at a time when it was assumed to have a deceptively simple explanation.
It is not easy to explain or define what a “language” is. Every person and linguist has their own definition of a language. However, some linguists have defined “language” as a finite system of elements and principles that make it possible for speakers to construct sentences to do particular communicative jobs (Finegan and Besnier, 1989). The part of the system that grants individuals to produce and interpret grammatically correct sentences is called “Grammatical Competence” (An Introduction of Language and Linguistics, 2014 edition). And the first person to introduce it was Naom Chopsky as a section of the foundations of genitive grammar (Aspects of the theory of syntax, 1965). It was defined later on by many other linguist as “the knowledge
Cognitive Grammar (from here on CG) is the cognitive theory of language developed by Ronald Langacker out of his own dissatisfaction with the dominant trend of linguistics of the period. The first claim Lankacker does is that grammar is meaningful (2008). This statement is twofold: on the one hand, it means that elements considered to be devoid of meaning –like vocabulary items- have indeed meanings attached to them. On the other hand, grammar allows the speaker to elaborate and symbolise the meanings of complex expressions. Additionally, Langacker (1987) points out in his standard text on CG that language is characterized as inherently symbolic with linguistic expressions standing for conceptualizations retrieved from