While researching for an article to use that correlated with the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior, I discovered an interesting article on substance abuse treatment and providers.
Roberto, A., Shafer, M., & Marmo, J. (2014). Predicting substance-abuse treatment providers' communication with clients about medication assisted treatment: A test of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. Journal Of Substance Abuse Treatment, 47(5), 307-313. Retrieved from https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S0740547214000956
This article discussed a combined focus of both the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and theory of planned behavior (TPB). The authors wanted to investigate how retrospectively one
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could predict if a provider encouraged the medicated-assisted-treatment (MAT) for their treatment plan on the substance-abuse treatment patients. There were 210 substance-abuse treatment providers who were asked to answer a survey that measured: attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intentions, and behavior. A link to the survey was sent via email to 510 substance-abuse treatment providers, the response rate was 210 research participants.
Characteristics of the sample used in the study: Age, Ethnicity, In recovery, Location of work, Core work functions, MAT offered, MAT organizational support level, Workshops/training about use of MAT to treat substance abuse, Self-rating knowledge level of MAT, Interest in participation in training using MAT. The questions were instrumented to assess behavior, behavioral intention, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and attitude. The design was qualitative and closely defined in the theory of planned …show more content…
behavior. The survey concluded that substance-abuse treatment providers had very positive attitudes, neutral subjective norms, somewhat positive perceived behavioral control, and somewhat positive intentions toward recommending MAT as part of their clients' treatment plan, but tended to engage in the actual behavior less than 20% of the time (Roberto, Shafer & Marmo, 2014). The substance abuse treatment workforce has historically consisted of individuals in recovery. These individuals, many of whom were treated before the emergence of MAT as an evidence based practice, could be expected to have negatively biased perspectives regarding MAT. A series of independent-sample t tests revealed significant difference between these two groups on two of the TRA/TPB variables. Specifically, those who were in recovery perceived significantly lower norms to encourage clients to use MAT as part of their treatment plan than those who were not in. Further, those who were in recovery reported significantly lower intentions to encourage clients to use MAT as part of their treatment plan, than those who were not in recovery (Roberto, Shafer & Marmo, 2014). The main conclusion from this study is that TPB aided in the improved encouragement of utilizing MAT in practice for substance-abuse treatment providers.
It also provided a list of factors that influence the recommendations of utilizing the MAT for a substance-abuse treatment provider. A few examples would be reinforcement of the positive attitudes toward MAT, or increase the neural subjective norms and perceived behavioral control to be more positive. Given the large population the substance-abuse treatment providers treat, interventions targeting providers could have a much greater impact on more individuals than those just targeting individual clients. This brings significance in this study because it was theory-based and extends the scope of the TRA and TPB to a topic and target audience, and also sheds light on the direction to where we focus the raising awareness and education to, which would be the providers. This will cause a considerably bigger trickle down affect by the ability to encourage their practice in utilizing MAT which will reach so many more patients this way. In addition, the results from this study also confirmed the applicability of TRA as a conceptual model for explaining counselor's attitudes and intentions, and linking the influence that social norms have upon both (Roberto, Shafer & Marmo,
2014). However, with most studies, there is usually a non-significant finding. I discovered the TPB and TRA address various areas of the individual and interpersonal levels, but there is nothing to take into account the possibility of how a public policy level, organization, or community could affect ones behavior (Roberto, Shafer & Marmo, 2014). Normally the TRA and TPB would be used to help predict the influence of an individual’s behavior choice, but it can also be used to better explain recommendations to the patient from the provider. This study supports those developing theory-based interventions using TRA or TPB should be successful in communicating to their clients about evidence-based treatment strategies, such as MAT.
McGovern, M. P., PhD, & Carroll, K. M., PhD. (2003). Evidence- base Practices for Substance Use Disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. Retrieved from http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dcare/pdfs/fp/McGovernMark-Evidence-BasedPractices.pdf
3. Elsevier Science, Ltd. (1994). Using AA and other 12-Step programs More Effectively. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Vol. II. Dr. Peter Johnson and Dr. John Chappel
Predictors of Treatment Outcome in a Drug Court Program. American Journal Of Drug & Alcohol Abuse, 31(4), 641-656.
(Miller, 1996) A Harm Reduction approach to therapy begins with the intent to lessen any high-risk behavior that can be linked back to substance abuse. A treatment plan that focuses on the clients positive behaviors is developed. Hazardous behaviors are addressed through means of educating, motivating, and educating the client. Once a client is properly educated in the positive ways to prevent or lessen harm through substance abuse, they are often motivated to begin to use their treatment as something that focuses on working towards complete recovery from their addiction.
Therefore, when I work with substance abusers I will show empathy, encourage and validate their successes and their feelings about any failures. In addiction, I will help the person learn from their failures and normalize the situation. Furthermore, I would attempt to ensure that the person had several coping strategies in place, to help when he or she finds themselves in a difficult situation. Moreover, I intend to ensure the client has all the tools he or she needs to succeed while getting to the root of their problem through counseling.
Rosenberg, H., & Phillips, K. T. (2003). Acceptability and availability of harm-reduction interventions for drug abuse in American substance abuse treatment agencies. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 17(3), 203-210. doi: 10.1037/0893-164X.17.3.203
Novotna, G., Dobbins, M., Jack, S. M., Sword, W., Niccols, A., Brooks, S., & Henderson, J. (2013). The Influence of Lived Experience with Addiction and Recovery on Practice-Related Decisions among Professionals Working in Addiction Agencies Serving Women. Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy, 20(2),
It has been established substance control is a far more feasible short-term goal than outright eradication. With this ideology, the premise of one’s analysis will be on substance abuse control methodologies, gauging effectiveness and overall success in achieving its purpose. The harm reduction model is the most prevalent ideology within the large spectrum of substance control methods, defined by the Centre for Mental Health and Addiction as any program or policy designed to reduce drug-related harm without requiring the cessation of drug use. In essence, instead of adhering to the conventional eradication style practices aforementioned, this style focuses on helping the offender cope with their mental illness. This not only encourages offenders to take active participation within their treatment, but makes them the directors of their own rehabilitation, using their own will power to gauge treatment.
There are many contributing factors and political issues that address substance abuse. Throughout the years, many researchers have designed many interventions and social policies designed to treat people who have used, abused, and became addicted to substances. Today, there are many new studies that address substance abuse at the individual, group, family, and community or policy levels. Today, there are many services that are effective for decreasing recidivism in youth who have completed a substance abuse program. A substance abuse treatment program or center is the best way to treat individuals who have abused substances.
Silverman, K., Roll, J., & Higgins, S. (2008). Introduction to the Special Issue on the Behavior Analysis and Treatment of Drug Addiction. Journal of Applied behavior Analysis, 41(4), 471-480. Retrieved June 12, 2011, from the proquest.com.navigator-ship.passhe.edu database.
Changing Substance Use: What We Know And What We Need To Know." Annals Of Behavioral Medicine 37.2 (2009): 117-125. Academic Search Complete. Web. 6 Nov. 2011.
Ukachi, Madukwe Ann. "Motivational Interview; Evidence Based Strategy In The Treatment Of Alcohol And Drug Addiction." IFE Psychologia 21.3-S (2013): 174-196. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Feb. 2014.
Accomplishing my task appeared straightforward when applying my attitudes, perceived control, and subjective norms to the Theory of Planned Behavior; initially I had all necessary aspects to initiate a lifestyle change. Before starting my regiment I had the belief that regular running leads to decreased weight and improves overall health. Health and appropriate body size are both characteristics I evaluate as desirable. Subjective cultural norms highlighting the value of appropriate weight, active lifestyle, and overall health influenced my motivation to comply to these standards. In this way beliefs as well as evaluations of the beliefs influenced my motivation to start running. Additionally my perception of behavioral control and sense of self-efficacy are generally high. Since I accomplished similar goals in the past I felt it could be done again. My attitudes, subjective norms, and my perceived control indicate I had the behavioral intention to make the change to run more frequently.
Rational choice theory, also known simply as choice theory, is the assessment of a potential offender to commit a crime. Choice theory is the belief that committing a crime is a rational decision, based on cost benefit analysis. The would-be offender will weigh the costs of committing a particular crime: fines, jail time, and imprisonment versus the benefits: money, status, heightened adrenaline. Depending on which factors out-weigh the other, a criminal will decide to commit or forgo committing a crime. This decision making process makes committing a crime a rational choice. This theory can be used to explain why an offender will decide to commit burglary, robbery, aggravated assault, or murder.
The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) is a model of persuasion and is also known as a theory of understanding. Theory of Reasoned Action was founded by Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen in the year 1967. They first came upon Theory of Reasoned Action by studying previous research as the theory of attitude. This theory was aimed to explain the reason behind planned behavior due to previous experiences. In addition to the variable of perceived behavioral control, it can provided a better understanding in the failure to perform a behavior even if that behavior is a positive subjective norm. The ideas or bases of theory of reasoned action are a better understanding of individual's basic motivation to perform a behavior. This is known as behavioral intention,