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Is the truth objective or subjective
What is the nature of reality
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Reality
My theory of reality seems to go along with Berkeley's in the fact that reality is in the mind. Reality is non-physical and exists only in the minds of us and/or of others. There is no right or wrong in reality and it is proven through different examples and concepts of what is real. Each person sees what he or she wants to from a certain experience and believes it to be reality.
Berkeley
The existence of what a person sees does not depend exclusively on seeing it. Berkeley's central claim is that sensible objects cannot exist without being perceived, but he did not suppose that an individual is the only perceiver. So long as some sentient being, some thinking substance or spirit, has in mind the sensible qualities or objects at issue, they do truly exist. Thus, even when a person closes their eyes, the tree they now see will continue to exist, provided that someone else is seeing it.
This difference, Berkeley held, precisely marks the distinction between things. What a person merely imagines exists in their mind alone and continues to exist only so long as he or she thinks of it. But what is real exists in many minds, so it can continue to exist whether they perceive it or not. The existence of sensible objects requires that they be perceived, but it is not dependent exclusively on one person's perception of them.
In fact, the persistence and regularity of the sensible objects that constitute the natural world is independent of all human perception, according to Berkeley. Even when none of us perceives this tree, God is. (McMullin) (I do not like this idea. I think that using "God" as an explanation for anything is laziness or lack of knowledge.) The mind of God serves as a permanent repository of th...
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... How can we know what chicken is if everything tastes like it? Maybe the chicken tastes like the gruel and we just don't know it. Things taste like chicken because we believe it to be so. Once again, we make our own reality.
Reality is a never-ending concept. It is one best left to the individual and their private beliefs. To define reality to suit a group would never be accurate. A person's sense of reality will always get distorted and compromise who the person is. An individual should keep their own reality. A mind is owned by a single being. Reality is in the mind. Therefore reality is individualistic.
Bibliography:
Bibliography:
Fraser (reprint of 1886 ed. Locke, J. Essay Concerning Human Understanding). New York, Dover, 1959.
McMullin, The Concept of Matter in Modern Philosophy. London: University of Notre Dame Press, 1978.
In chapter ten of the book “Problems from Philosophy”, by James Rachels, the author, the author discusses the possibilities of human beings living in an actually reality, or if we are just living in an illusion. Rachels guides us through concepts that try to determine wiether we are living in a world were our perception of reality is being challenged, or questioned. Rachels guides us through the topic of “Our Knowledge of the World around Us”, through the Vats and Demons, idealism, Descartes Theological Response, and direct vs. indirect realism.
Berkeley, George. A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge. Dublin: University of Oxford, 1710. Print.
Locke, John Essay concerning Humane Understanding, Book II ("Of Ideas"), Chapter 1 ("Of Ideas in General, and Their Original")
7- Downing, Lisa,. "George Berkeley." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University, 10 Sept. 2004. Web. 28 Nov. 2013. .
In his “Proof of an External World”, Moore puts forth several supported hypotheses in regards to the nature of the existence of things outside the self. Primarily, Moore discusses hands; his argument is that if he can produce two hands then it follows logically that two hands must exist. Furthermore, Moore puts forth the theory that if hands exist then this alone is proof of an external world. In opposition to Moore’s opinions will be found three main arguments: firstly that all of Moore’s evidence is based upon sensory input, secondly that the truth of one fact based on the truth of another fact forms an Epistemic Circle in this case, and finally that the evidence out forth by Moore, even if proved, does not necessarily prove the fact that he is attempting to prove.
To tackle Berkeley's argument, I will take Hylas and Philonous's Tree Argument. This is a nice variation on the common riddle of "If a tree falls in the middle of a forest, and no one is there to hear it, does it make a sound?" Philonous is trying to prove that everything that exists is perceived, and therefore exists only in the mind. If this is true, then nothing exists without the mind, and it is therefore pointless to distinguish between primary and secondary qualities as Locke does. Philonous challenges Hylas to conceive of any sensible object that exists without the mind. Hylas responds with the idea of a tree existing by itself, independent of, and unperceived by, any mind whatsoever. Philonous then points out that this is a contradiction - conceiving a thing that is unconceived. However, these two riddlers are failing to take into consideration one crucial element - time.
The central part of Berkeley’s metaphysics seems paradoxical or even absurd. Its claim is that what we call solid, and indeed everything else that we find laid out in the three-dimensional physical word that is apparently around us, is only fictional. It appears to be there, but it does not really have an independent existence. The physical world is, according to Berkeley, dependent on and only perceived through a mental state. In Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous, Berkeley tried to explain how a seemingly noncommonsensical theory can actually consist of commonsensical characteristics. There are two contentions made by Berkeley in his attempt to prove that commonsense is the basis of his theory, rather than absurdity. The first is that in order for a material object to exist there must be a perceiver. The second is that of the existence of finite spirits (us) and an Infinite Spirit (God).
people reading or learning about this sort of topic. Reality is what is real or
Some ideas have more objective reality than others, depending on the formal reality of the things which they represent.
He suggests that the physical substance (body) and mental substance (mind) are different in nature from each other. He believes that what we see could possibly be deceiving us and that this world might just be a dream.
When we look at this approach to our existence we must first deny that any sensory data that we receive is
The perciption of reality is different for everyone. For example, I think that reality is something that is well natured and enjoyable, and another may say that reality, for them, is something they have to work hard and suffer for. The film Matrix shows perception of reality through Neo and...
... So following all of this, if the 'sensible objects' that we perceive are of the mind, then we can not claim that there is an external world (class, lecture) (James, 2).
"Forms of life resemble what I call, 'realities'. Forms of life are always form of life forming. Realities are always realities becoming" (Mehan & Wood, Five Features of Reality, 65). What is Reality? Is reality what everyone believes in or does everyone have his or her own reality? Can your reality change what you believe in? Is reality a belief, or is it what you believe in your reality? Can your reality be right or wrong?
Weinberg, Steven. 1992. Dreams of a Final Theory: The Search for the Fundamental Laws of Nature. New York: Pantheon Books.