Life is full of surprises. One of my favorite quotes comes from the movie Forest Gump and it states, “Life is like a box of chocolate, you never know what you are going to get.” With that being said, we can apply this quote to many medical issues. Some can be explained and others cannot. This paper will discuss the intriguing and interesting components of Raynaud’s Phenomenon. Raynaud's (pronounced ""ray-NODES"") phenomenon refers to episodic color changes in the skin of the fingers and toes during exposure to cold or in response to emotional stress. In some people, the ears lips and nose may also be affected. Although it is normal for blood flow to the fingers to be reduced in extreme cold people with Raynaud's phenomenon have difficulty …show more content…
After about a year he began to find the tips of the fingers of his left hand going dead in the morning. He showed it twice to the works doctor, but each time he was told it was not a "dead hand". Finally his hand went dead three times in one morning, and he was incapacitated totally for three months and thereafter partially. His own doctor said that he was suffering from Raynaud 's disease, due partly to loss of blood in the tissues which caused the hand to go white, and partly to loss of blood in the nerves causing spasm of the blood vessels. The first cause was an upsetting of the balance of nervous control of the blood vessels due to the tight grasping of a rapidly vibrating instrument; every time the tool was used the condition got worse. The judge accepted the facts, but held that to constitute an injury by accident the workman must be suddenly and decisively attacked at his work, and that the gradual ruining of his blood vessels did not bring him within the Acts. (Unknown, P.
“In tort law, the doctrine which holds a defendant guilty of negligence without an actual showing that he or she was negligent. Its use is limited in theory to cases in which the cause of the plaintiff's injury was entirely under the control of the defendant, and the injury presumably could have been caused only by negligence”(Burt, M.A., & Skarin, G.D. (2011). In consideration of this, the defendant argues that the second foundation of this principle should be solely based on common knowledge of the situation. Although, there is a experts testimony tartar is no basis in this case , in the experts testimony or anything else, for indicating that the plaintiffs injury resulted from the negligence of the defendant. The court correctly found the defendant not liable under the Res ipsa
The appeal was heard in The NSW Supreme Court, Court of Appeal. The appellant appealed the issue of “blameless accidents” therefore providing new evidence, with the view that the preceding judge made an error recognising the content and scope of duty of care. He also noted the breach of duty of care and causation .
Without clarifying the instruction, it was suggested that if the behavior is not what a reasonable person would consider to be a “normal consequence” of the situation created by defendant's conduct, then said intervening act is a superseding cause. Consequently, it does not convey the relevant standard—whether the probability of harm is “sufficiently serious that a reasonable and prudent person would take precautions to avoid it.” (Iturralde, 2013)
Mr McKinnon must have, under the assumption of risk, known that there was a possibility for the risk of injury resulting in paralysis. Over data collected over a period of six years, showed that a total of 12 players in the rugby league code [1997 – 2002] have suffered from spinal injuries (Carmody D, et.al 2005.) This assumes that Alex must have known the possible risks and under the Civil Liability Act 2002, section 5G, “injured persons presumed to be aware of obvious risks.” Thus resulting in the assumption that he knew what could happen in such a high contact sport. Once again, this can be seen in the case Cafest v. Tombleson [2003] NSWCA 210. In this case Julianne Tombleson went roller-skating and broke her right wrist, claiming that she was not properly informed of the risks involved with the activity. However, the court found that there was a myriad of pre-emptive warnings to skaters such as highly visible signs that stated protection gear available for hire and that the rink centre will not be held legally liable to any injuries that may be sustained. This confirms and rectifies the concept of volenti non fit injuria. If the risks are clearly set out and known, one could not claim negligence for compensation, relating to the fact that Alex indisputably would have realised the potential
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. "Hidradenitis Suppurativa: MedlinePlus." Nlm.nih.gov/. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. .
Raynaud syndrome is an auto-immune disorder in which blood vessels in the digits constrict. It usually strikes females between the ages of eighteen and thirty. “Between three to five percent of people are affected.” (Harvard, 2003) There is no known cause or cure. (Segala et al, 2003) Clinical features primarily deal with (but are not limited to) the digits of the fingers. Other digits that may be affected include toes, nose, and ear lobes. Exposure to cold and emotional stress triggers the vasoconstriction of the digits. It was originally described by the Catholic, French physician Maurice Raynaud in 1862. In this condition, the vasospastic response is more frequently induced by exposure to cold temperatures and is often accompanied by digital color changes. After onset, a tri-color change [blanching (white), cyanosis (blue), and reactive hyperemia (red)] occurs. “Pallor (blanching) shows vasospasm and loss of arterial blood flow, cyanosis shows the deoxygenation of static venous blood, and rubor (red) shows reactive hyperemia following return of blood flow.” (Bowling, 2003) Theories for the causes of Raynaud syndrome include: arterial wall damage, connective tissue disease (CTD), or repetitive use of vibrational tools. (Ko, 2002)
An injury done to a person is justified if the victim had committed an injury of the same kind towards the person who inflicted it.
The second issue is whether or not the defendant has an obligation to reimburse for an injury. The outcome of this second issue depends whether or not it is rational for the defendant to have to pa...
Thus, Oaklander’s research goals are to use skin biopsies to visualize sensory nerve endings in the skin and discover the cause of the neuropathic pain, because once we do this, we can identify the ultimate cause of pain and begin treating
described in an essay called “Shaking Palsy” published in 1817 by a London Physician named
Tamparo, C. D. & Lewis, M. A. (2011). Diseases of the human body. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company.
Press, 1967. Lubitz, Steven. A. A. “Early Reactions to Harvey's Circulation Theory: The Impact on Medicine.” Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 71 Issue 4 (2004): 274.
However, she would have been aware of a high probability of serious injury or death and therefore was found guilty of oblique intention. In this case causing harm was not intended but resulted.
Treatment of Pain in Patients with Reynaud’s Syndrome Reynaud’s syndrome or the white fingers disease is a vessel abnormality that can lead to vessel spasm in the leg, arms and feet. The condition is caused by over activity of the smooth muscles located in the arterial walls. The condition was named after a Parisian Physician, Maurice Reynaud who discovered it in the latter half of the 19t century. The phenomenon is more pronounced in people less than 40 years old and is five times more frequent in women than men. Reynaud syndrome commonly occurs as reactionary response to cold exposure, although the condition may be precipitated by other factors including emotional distress, family history smoking and estrogen exposure.
During the nineteenth and early twentieth century if a worker was a victim of workplace accident there was no compensation or requirement of the employer to support rehabilitation. Employers were not responsible for injured workers or accidents that happened in the workplace. The main legal doctrine of Assumption of Risk governed workplace hazards, which required workers to assume and accept all the risks affiliated with their occupation (Share, 2012). In the 1900 's many diseases and injuries resulted due to unsafe or hazardous working condition. "The Royal Commission on the Relations of Labour and Capital reported in 1889 that many workers were being hurt on the job and condemned the state of working conditions in several industries" (CPHA, 2012). However, the federal government at the time did not act on the results of the commission report. In 1914, the province of Ontario introduced legislation where, "workers would be eligible for guaranteed no-fault benefits from a system that was wholly funded by employers. In exchange, employers were freed from legal liability" (CPHA, 2012). This was the first time the idea came up that injured employees should be compensated no matter who was at fault for the accident. This was the sign of the beginnings of change, but perspectives on health and safety still held employees responsible and accountable for all injuries and