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Long definition of rape
Long definition of rape
How to define a rape
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Based on The United States Department of Justice, the new definition of rape has been amended. Rape is referred to the penetration of the vagina or anus with any body part or object no matter how slight it was or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person without the consent of the victim. This conveys an important message to all victims that what happens to them do matters and the perpetrators will be held responsible to the crime committed by them. It was because of the voices of survivors, advocates, law enforcement personnel and many others that FBI Director Robert Mueller was able to make this important change within the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report (UCR) Summary Reporting System (SRS). The previous definition of rape was outdated …show more content…
In January 2011, while in the midst of going through physiotherapy for her neck and lower back symptoms, a young woman alleges that she was digitally raped by the accused, who is a qualified physiotherapist. The accused admits that he inserted his finger into her vagina but proclaims that the act was reasonable for diagnostic mean and her consent was received before such procedure was carried out. The accused was charged under rape as provided under section 48 of the Criminal Law Consolidation Act (CLCA) 1935. Rape consists of three elements and all of them must be fulfilled by the prosecutor. The elements need to be proved beyond reasonable doubt. First, there must be sexual intercourse engaged between the accused and the complainant. Here, sexual intercourse is defined as an act of penetration of the vagina of complainant by any parts of the body of the accused or any object. Here, rape was established when the accused put his finger into the vagina of the complainant. Second, there is no consent granted on the part of the complainant with regards to the intercourse. The complainant claimed that she showed up to get massage for the purpose of healing and never permit the accused to put his finger into her vagina. Third, the accused regardless of knowing the complainant consent or not to the penetration or being ignorant to the lack of consent, still insists on digitally raping the complainant. Since all the elements are successfully proven, the accused was found guilty of digital
As Estrich demonstrates, the law on rape has major flaws. The law exposes traditions and attitudes that surround women and sex. It condones the idea that sex contains male aggression and female passivity. The law uses three different criteria to label an act of sex as rape: mens rea, force, and consent. Estrich feels that these features demonstrate sexist attitudes within the law. Our legal system abandon’s mens rea which is Latin for “guilty state of the mind.” It is the perpetrator’s ability to understand force and non-consent. A woman must demonstrate resistance. The man can escape by stating he did not realize the woman was not consenting. So, the court turns to the woman to see if she provided proper evidence that she did not consent to the sex.
Rape Shield Laws Facing with much criticism from women’s group with the legal definitions of rape and how rape cases are being processed in the legal system, the government is forced to pass a Rape Law reform in the 1970s. Rape law reform urging courts to treat rape case the same as other crimes, rape law reforms modified traditional rape laws and ratified evidentiary reforms in every state in the United States. The most common and widespread changes occurred in three areas. First, rape was redefined so that there was no longer a single crime of rape.
Eileraas, Karina. "Rape, Legal Definitions of." Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World. Ed. Mary Zeiss Stange, Carol K. Oyster, and Jane E. Sloan. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2011. 1205-09. SAGE Reference Online. Web. 4 Apr. 2012.
To conclude, this chapter review promotes 'human rights' and enforcement of new laws in order to make positive changes towards victims of sexual assault and social changes within todays society. Thus, gaining an understanding of rethinking rape law, through an international and comparative perspective.
When someone who is eighteen years or older has sexual intercourse with a minor it is considered rape regardless to if the sex is consensual or not. In most cases, but not all, the male is the adult and the female is the minor. In different places, the law varies. For instance, in some counties, if the difference in age is not at least five years, the court will not even bring the case to trial. But all of the laws everywhere are bias towards men. There is even a saying that says “sixteen will get you twenty.” “Sixteen” is the age of the girl, and “twenty” represents the amount of years a man would be sentenced to serve in jail if he was to have sexual intercourse with her.
Initially, the mens rea of rape prior to the case of DPP v Morgan a defendant cannot be found liable for rape if he had the reasonable belief that consent was formed between them and the victim. Which leads to an unfairness to those victims that have been violated, and also that any person accused of rape could say they had belief in consent. Although, it was shown not to matter how unreasonable that belief may have been, in concerning the knowledge or lack of knowledge of consent. Needless to say, the current law has attempted to improve and develop upon this concept, though it may not be completely satisfactory. The 21st century initiated a new state of trying to improve the current laws and precedents on the definition of rape, the prior precedent simply not suitable for the 21st century. Various cases after Morgan , prior to the act that redrew and reformed the Mens rea of rape, came to court and illustrated how the principle of Morgan operates. In Kimber the defendant (D) was charged with sexually assaulting a mentally disordered woman. It had to be determined whether his interference was in fact an assault, even with the D’s claim of consent to his actions, though she claimed otherwise. The court came to find that the mens rea for assault is intentionally touching a Victim (V), unlawfully, i.e. without consent. However, due to the fact that the D believed the consent was there, however unreasonably, he therefore lacked the mens rea of the assault and therefore not guilty.
Well, further laws state that it must not be just the non-consent of the victim, but it must also be forced sex in order to be deemed as rape. When Marissa Lee Fuentes attempted to press charges against her boyfriend’s brother, charges were dismissed because there was no physical force involved. Marissa was not physically forced to have sex with her boyfriend’s brother, so she was not raped by
In the first paragraph, I will explain what constitutes rape and the variations of relationships in which rape is committed. The Sexual Offences Act 2003 (the Act) came into force on the 1st May 2004. The purpose of the Act was to strengthen and modernise the law on sexual offences, whilst improving preventative measures and the protection of individuals from sexual offenders. The 2003 Act also changes the law about consent and belief in consent. Convicting a person of rape is defined under the Sexual Offences Act 2003 s1, it is as follows; “A person (A) commits an offence if: he intentionally penetrates the vagina, anus or mouth of another person with his penis, if person (B) doe...
Victims of rape are almost always asked if they were flirting, drinking, or dressing in a manner that may have been interpreted as giving consent, despite whether they did actually give consent or not.
Their reason for first utilizing the term was to “show the ways in which society blamed victims of sexual assault and normalized male sexual violence”. Almost half a century later, Southern Connecticut State University defines the term rape culture as “an environment in which rape is prevalent and in which sexual violence against women is normalized and excused in the media and popular culture”. Forms of rape culture include but are not limited to: blaming the victim of sexual assault, the assumption that men are weak if they experience sexual assault, making sexual assault seem less of a serious crime, rape jokes/sexually explicit jokes, as well as defining gender roles. All of these forms are seen in today’s society through “jokes, T.V., music, advertising, legal jargon, laws, words, and imagery”.
It is considered to be any attack of a sexual nature such as kissing, touching, and intercourse in which force is used. Physical injury is not necessary to prove that an offence has occurred. When tried as an indictable offence, simple sexual assault carries a maximum penalty of 10 years imprisonment. R. v O’brien, 2017 SKQB 88 and R v Martell, 2012 SKP cases relate to simple sexual assault also demonstrates the charges given to the offenders that commit simple sexual assault. As a matter of fact, on June 15, 2016 the victim went to the home of Mr. O’Brien. The two had been involved in an incident. Mr. O’Brien tried to hug and kiss the victim and she told him that she did not want him to do that. She then went to the bathroom for 15 to 20 minutes. After she returned he lifted her up and put her on the bed, which was in the same room. He tried to hug and kiss her and attempted to undo her pants. She pushed him off and told him “no”. The victim started to kick Mr. O’Brien and Mr. O’Brien then put his hands around her neck for approximately 5 to 10 seconds. He then stopped and removed his hands of his own accord. This left redness around her neck. Mr. O’Brien told the victim he was sorry and asked the victim not to tell anyone. The victim then left his residence. Mr. O’brien then had arrested and served roughly a total of 14.3 months in custody. Moreover, in the second case the offender and the victim were
What do you think and feel when you hear the word rape? Do you feel uncomfortable? Maybe even angry? Your certain feelings and emotions towards this word is a result of rape culture. Rape culture, essentially, is how a society as a whole sees and reacts towards rape or instances of rape. In 2013 rape was defined by the FBI as, “Penetration… of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.” (Division’s Crime Statistics Management Unit 1). The definition was finally changed after the old definition deemed inappropriate by today’s standards, which beforehand, stated that physical force needed to be used for rape to be considered rape. This is good news for men and women who have been fighting for the definition to be changed, but unfortunately this does not mean that state laws are being changed the same way. Even though the FBI may acknowledge the older inappropriate definition, most states do not. Sexual assault is a commonly unreported crime, where only an average of 36% of sexual abuse is actually reported to the authorities (Planty 7). Some forms of rape can include physical harm, threats, and even death of the victim, and most victims do not want to tell others for fear of criticism, self-blame, or even the fear that their attackers will carry out on their threats. In many cases, victims do have a reason to be afraid. When someone is brave enough to come forward and say they were sexually assaulted, they are putting themselves in the position of being in not only a long legal process, but also having their motives questioned and misunderstood, which is the last thing they want after their experience. The legal system in the United States...
Men are usually more aggressive, and women are seen as passive. Vogelman: This socialization process is changing, but slowly. Rape is non-consensual sexual intercourse that a male performs against a woman whom he is neither married to or cohabiting with. The definition of rape changes by geographic location.
Medline: Sexual Assault: A comprehensive description of sexual assault, otherwise known as rape, and includes sections that will help a victim seek out justice and rehabilitation.
If there is no consent, it is an assault. It is the right of every human being to have control over their own body. Victim blaming perpetuates the rape culture and the teaching that some people are not responsible for their own actions. Victim blaming does nothing but hurt survivors. No one chooses to be hurt, and the after effects can affect a survivor for years to come.