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Effects of socioeconomic on healthcare of african american
Socioeconomic influences on health
Socioeconomic influences on health
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Now let’s look at the direct impact of discrimination or racism on the physical and psychological well being of Blacks. The research literature of Dr. Neighbors, provide strong evidence of a positive correlation between the perception that one has been the victim of racism and mental and physical health problems. Mental health problems studied included psychological distress, depression and anxiety disorders. And the physical health problems include likelihood of breast cancer , high blood pressure , increased tobacco and poorer health. A research conducted revealed that among pregnant Black women, perceived discrimination was strong linked to increased likelihood of preterm delivery and low infant birth weight deliveries. To further it has …show more content…
People respond to prejudice and discrimination as they do to any threatening, and that this reaction increases the mental load on the body. Gradually these demands wear down the body’s regulatory systems, thereby increasing individuals’ susceptibility to disease.
In the United States, social and economic factors strongly vary with race. When studied as a group, Blacks are poorer, have less education, are less likely to be employed, and if employed, more likely to hold lower-status jobs than Whites (IOM, 2003). Hence, it is put forth that the socioeconomic disparities between Blacks and Whites are responsible too for the disparities between the two groups’ health status. Less educated people are unlikely to have health literacy and maybe because of this, they are less aware of appropriate disease prevention behaviors. Even when such differences in Socio economic factors are statistically controlled,
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It seems unlikely that blatant and overt prejudices—that typified the United States 50 years ago are responsible for disparities in healthcare. Now it is reasonable to assume that the vast majority of healthcare providers reject blatant forms of racial discriminations in both their personal and professional lives. But contemporary discrimination and stereotyping take more subtle and indirect forms; it is these prejudices-related processes that the IOM Committee (2003) believed played a major role in race specific disparities in healthcare. Here the prejudices loop, bias loop, counter effecting loops all
In the level of institutionalized racism, it is what all community organizers strive to overcome. This form of racism entails the power and access to materials that everyone should be able to obtain. When there is racism involved, there is a level of differentiation in the access that each race is entitled to. For example, Blacks have less access to nutritional food and health care when the live in an urban residential area. These inequities are the result of an institutionalized difference between racial groups and it may lead to health disparities. Dr. Jones believes that the root of association between socioeconomic status and race in the United States is in direct correlation to this form of racism.
Wilkinson, R. G., & Marmot, M. G. (2003). Social determinants of health: The solid facts.
Gavin Turrell, B. F. (1999). Socioeconomic Determinants of Health:Towards a National Research Program and a Policy and Intervention Agenda. Brisbane: Queensland University of Technology.
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are increasingly becoming a major problem of Public Health around the World. The impact of resources and material deprivation among people and populations has resulted in an increase in mortality rate on a planetary scale. Social determinants of health are defined as the personal, social, economic and the environmental conditions which determines the health status of an individual or population (Gardner, 2013). Today’s society is characterized by inequalities in health, education, income and many other factors which as a result is becoming a burden for Public Health around the world. Research studies have shown that the conditions in which people live and work strongly influenced their health. Individuals with high levels of education and fall within the high income bracket turn to have stable jobs, live in the best neighborhood and have access to quality health care system than individuals who have low education and fall with the low income bracket. This paper is to explain different social determinants of health and how they play ...
Throughout American history, relationships between racial and ethnic groups have been marked by antagonism, inequality, and violence. In today’s complex and fast-paced society, historians, social theorists and anthropologists have been known to devote significant amounts of time examining and interrogating not only the interior climate of the institutions that shape human behavior and personalities, but also relations between race and culture. It is difficult to tolerate the notion; America has won its victory over racism. Even though many maintain America is a “color blind nation,” racism and racial conflict remain to be prevalent in the social fabric of American institutions. As a result, one may question if issues and challenges regarding the continuity of institutional racism still exist in America today. If socialization in America is the process by which people of various ethnicities and cultures intertwine, it is vital for one to understand how the race relations shape and influence personalities regarding the perceptions of various groups. Heartbreaking as it is, racism takes a detour in acceptance of its blind side. Further, to better understand racism one must take into account how deeply it entrenched it is, not only in politics, and economics but also Health Care settings. In doing so, one will grasp a decisive understanding of "who gets what and why.” The objective of this paper is to explore and examine the pervasiveness of racism in the health care industry, while at the same time shed light on a specific area of social relations that has remained a silence in the health care setting. The turpitude feeling of ongoing silence has masked the treatment black patients have received from white health care providers...
When we consider the education of our children in the United States, we must consider their health as a significant issue as it can positively or negatively impact a student’s education. It has generally been acknowledged that there is a great disparity in our country in the area of health care. Healthy People2010, a published report put out by the Health and Human Services Division of the Unites States Government (2000) has included as part of its Goals for 2010, to eliminate health disparities among different segments of the population. According to this report, health differences occur depending on a persons gender, race or ethnicity, education or income, disability, rural locality, or sexual orientation. In this paper, I will mostly concentrate on racial and ethnic differences as well as socioeconomic differences. According to the Healthy People 2010 report, biological and genetic differences do not explain the health disparities experienced by non-White populations in the United States. Besides "complex interaction among genetic variations, environmental factors, and specific health behaviors," Health and Human Services says, "inequalities in income and education underlie many health disparities in the United States." Also, "population groups that suffer the worst health status are also those that have the highest poverty rates and least education." Health, United States (1998) reported that each increase of income or education increased the likelihood of being in good health. According to this report, those with less education tend to die younger than those with more education for all major causes of death including chronic diseases, communicable diseases and injuries. There are several factors that account for differences between socioeconomic and racial and ethnic groups. These factors include a lower sedentary life style, cigarette smoking and less likely to have health insurance coverage or receive preventive care among these groups.
In the United States, racial discrimination has a lengthy history, dating back to the biblical period. Racial discrimination is a term used to characterize disruptive or discriminatory behaviors afflicted on a person because of his or her ethnic background. In other words, every t...
The public needs to address racial disparities in health which is achievable by changing policy addressing the major components of socioeconomic status (income, education, and occupation) as well as the pathways by which these affect health. To modify these risk factors, one needs to look even further to consider the factors. Socioeconomic status is a key underlying factor. Several components need to be identified to offer more options for those working on policy making. Because the issue is so big, I believe that not a single policy can eliminate health disparities in the United States. One possible pathway can be education, like the campaign to decrease tobacco usage, which is still a big problem, but the health issue has decreased in severity. The other pathway can be by addressing the income, by giving low-income individuals the same quality of care as an individual who has a high
...should become more open minded when creating an application pool for job seekers. They should make the application and hiring process less bias and discriminatory in order for minorities to have a better opportunity at gaining a job in healthcare leadership and management. To prevent employers from believing social stereotypes, they must educate themselves on other races and ethnicities backgrounds to have a better understanding of them and their beliefs. As the diversity of the United States population continue to rise, the demand for diversity in healthcare is on a steady increase. It is vital for healthcare organizations to add diversity in their workforce to benefit patients’ comfortability when seeking medical attention. The barriers that stand in the recruitment of minority employees should be broken to benefit both healthcare organizations and their patients.
Willie, Charles V., Bernard M. Kramer, and Bertram S. Brown, eds. Racism Racism Racism and Mental Health. N.p.: Univerity of Pittsburgurgh Press, 1973. Print. Contemporary Community Health Series.
Williams, D. R., & Jackson, P. (2014, April 1). Health Affairs. Social Sources Of Racial Disparities In Health. Retrieved April 29, 2014, from http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/24/2/325.short
Lynch, J. W. (1996). Do cardiovascular risk factors explain the relation between socioeconomic status, risk of all-cause morality, cariovascular mortality, and acute mycardial infarction? American Journal of Epidemiology, 144 (10), 934-942.
According to the institute of Medicine (IOM), racism is a problem in the health care system, that is, the difference between the quality of health care received by minorities and non-minorities is due to racism. IOM is a nonprofit organization that advises the federal government and the public on science policy. It released a report that on average, minorities receive a lower quality of care, even when factors such as income and type of health insurance are accounted for. The report by IOM states that racial stereotypes and prejudice are the cause of the health care disparities. The article by IOM points ...
Many people believe that racism is no longer present; however, racism is subtly interconnected with many aspects of ever person’s life, including school, upper mobility, access to services and their race many times determine the proper care given by a health care professional. Based on research, racism is interconnected with mental health care. This essay will offer a theoretical explanation that allows social workers a better understanding to clinician’s misdiagnosis of ethnic minorities. Critical Race Theory permits clinicians to purposely or unintentionally misdiagnoses ethnic minorities and will be used in understanding how racism ingrained in the mental health care system.
...an, P., Egerter, S., & Williams, D. R. (2011). The social determinants of health: coming