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Racial discrimination in the justice system
Judicial racial discrimination in the US
Literary themes about racism
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Racial Prejudice and Oppression in Harper Lee's To Kill A Mockingbird 'Democracy,' she said. 'Does anybody have a definition?' ... 'Equal rights for all, special privileges for none' (Lee 248). To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper Lee's only novel, is a fictional story of racial oppression, set in Maycomb, A.L. in 1925 to 1935, loosely based on the events of the Scottsboro trials. Unlike the story however, the racial discrimination and oppression in the novel very accurately portrays what it was like in the 1920's and 1930's in the south. Tom Robinson, the black man accused of raping a poor low class white girl of 19, never stood a chance of getting a fair trial. This can be supported by giving examples of racially discriminatory and oppressive events that actually took place in the south during the time period in which the novel is based. In addition to actual historical events, events and examples from the book that clearly illustrate the overpoweringly high levels of prejudice that were intertwined in the everyday thinking of the majority of the characters in the book supports the fact that Tom Robinson never stood a chance of getting a fair trial. One historical event that shows the discrimination and the oppression that was prevalent in the south during the 1920's to 1930's is recorded in the June 12, 1930 edition of the New York Times. The article "Birmingham Bars Hall to De Priest" describes how "...Oscar De Priest, Negro [Federal] representative from Illinois, would not be permitted to use the municipal auditorium for a scheduled address..."("Birmingham Bars Hall") that was to have take place on July 17th of that year in Birmingham, Alabama. The president of the Birmingham City Commission, J. M. Jones's only... ... middle of paper ... ...del citizens. Additionally, the jury was made up of people from the areas, who are very prejudice towards blacks. Evidence from the novel and historical evidence from the time period shows clearly that the amount of prejudice that was so intertwined into the characters and the actual people of the time is so great that no black man, let alone Tom Robinson, could ever have stood a chance of getting a fair and just trail. As soon as Mayllea made the accusation, almost everyone in the town save a few dozen, "knew" that he was as guilty of the crime as the sky is blue. Works Cited "Birmingham Bars Hall to De Priest." New York Times 12 June 1930: 15. "Four Held In Lynching." New York Times 25 Apr. 1930: 26. "Join in De Priest Case Criticism." New York Times 3 July 1929: 11. Lee, Harper. To Kill A Mockingbird. New York: Warner Books, Inc., 1982.
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee seems like a complete replica of the lives of people living in a small Southern U.S. town. The themes expressed in this novel are as relevant today as when this novel was written, and also the most significant literary devices used by Lee. The novel brings forward many important themes, such as the importance of education, recognition of inner courage, and the misfortunes of prejudice. This novel was written in the 1930s. This was the period of the “Great Depression” when it was very common to see people without jobs, homes and food. In those days, the rivalry between the whites and the blacks deepened even more due to the competition for the few available jobs. A very famous court case at that time was the Scottsboro trials. These trials were based on the accusation against nine black men for raping two white women. These trials began on March 25, 1931. The Scottsboro trials were very similar to Tom Robinson’s trial. The similarities include the time factor and also the fact that in both cases, white women accused black men.
Racism presents itself in many ways in the town of Maycomb. Some are blatant and open, but others are more insidious. One obvious way that racism presents itself is in the result of Tom Robinson’s trial. Another apparent example is the bullying Jem and Scout had to endure as a result of Atticus’s appointment as Tom Robinson’s defense attorney. A less easily discernible case is the persecution of Mr. Dolphus Raymond, who chose to live his life in close relation with the colored community.
Hume strongly depends on the laws of nature to disprove miracles because it is something that he knows will hold up through experience. Even if something happens that is extremely rare, for example, snow in June, we can disprove this as a miracle because it has been our experience in life that the weather is never constant and under extreme conditions we can get very cold weather during the summer. He is so skeptical against miracles, that he says he cannot even believe someone claiming to have witnessed a miracle, without first examining their reason for making such a claim.
Technologies are advancing in today's world where more information is being generated, stored and distributed through digital gadgets. This requires investigators and forensic expert to increase the use of digital evidence gathering as a tool to fight against cyber-crime (International competition network, n.d.).
Hume defines the laws of nature to be what has been “uniformly” observed by mankind, such as the laws of identity and gravity. He views society as being far to liberal in what they consider to be a miracle. He gives the reader four ideas to support his philosophy in defining a true miracle, or the belief in a miracle. These points leads us to believe that there has never been a miraculous event established. Hume’s first reason in contradicting a miracle is, in all of history there has not been a miraculous event with a sufficient number of witnesses. He questions the integrity of the men and the reputation in which they hold in society. If their reputation holds great integrity, then and only then can we have full assurance in the testimony of men. Hume is constantly asking throughout the passage questions to support proof for a miracle. He asks questions such as this; Who is qualified? Who has...
Similar to the definitions above the philosopher Hume (1711-1776) offered his own definition, that miracles are “a transgression of a law of nature by a particular volition of the deity” and Hume adds that a miracle could be defined as a “break in the natural order of events in the material world”. For the most part Hume puts forward that miracles are ‘impossible’ and that testimony to miracles should never be trusted. This can be seen in Hume’s first reason against the existence of miracles. He states that there has never been anyone attesting a miracle “of such unquestioned good-sense, education and learning, as to secure us against all delusion in themselves” and persuade us that a violation of a natural law is possible. Hume suggests that whenever anyone has witnessed a “miracle” they have been deluded into thinking so and ...
Hill, B., & O’Boyle, T. (2000, August). (2000, August). Cyber Detectives employ Intrusion Detection Systems and Forensics. Retrieved from http://www.mitre.org/news/the_edge/february_01/oboyle.html
A miracle is often defined as being a supernatural act or an act of God. Sometimes it is more specifically and negatively defined as a violation of a natural law. In philosophy class we discussed different philosophers views on miracles. David Hume’s critique of miracles included the criterion that for something to be deemed a miracle, there must be substantial group of credible witness to attest to its occurrence. Hume believes miracles do not exist. If something of the supernatural does happen it is not really supernatural it is part of nature, we just don not experience it often so we consider it to be supernatural or a miracle. Kant believes miracles have no role to play except in the rise and spread of a religion. Kant says miracles have no role to play in validating a religion since the truth of religion can be supplied by reason alone. The difference between Kant and Hume is that Kant resists the idea that miracles are a violation of the laws of nature and considers them to be outside of the laws of nature.
Organizations often rely on culturally diverse groups to coordinate operations across countries, decrease redundant functions, reduce product development time and bring together a diverse pool of expertise. Culturally diverse groups, however, may not live up to these expectations. Individual differences give rise to intra-group conflicts which hinder the group’s performance as well as the group members’ satisfaction with the group. The fact that homogenous groups hardly exist and heterogeneous workgroups are the need of today’s organizations, it is pertinent to analyze the element of conflict among members of a group and its effect on the group’s performance outcomes.
Introduction: Digital forensics is mainly used in investigating the data found on electronic devices. Digital forensics has its core application in computer crime. Let look at the history of Digital forensics. It all started during the 1970s and early 1980s. The first crime involving computer came to light in the 1978 in Florida. This crime included unauthorized modification of important
...rassment and cyberstalking, and identity theft the reader can gain a better understanding at what the crime is, how it happens, and ways to prevent these damaging acts. Moore’s other focus is for the reader to know the steps law enforcement take to stop cybercrime and just how hard it can be. When looking at seizing digital evidence, computer forensics, and cyber criminology the reader can accurately understand these strategies taken. Lastly, I would recommend Moore’s work for anyone who would like to learn more about high-technology cybercrime. Moore provides an informative text with review questions, further readings, and online resources, which make this text an excellent learning tool, teaching guide, and an informative good read.
The use of computers in homes, schools, offices, and other places has increased in the past few years due to technological developments. As computers have become important components of modern communication, their increased use has also led to the emergence of computer crimes. Computer crimes basically involve the use of a computer system to carry out an illegal activity. In attempts to lessen the frequency and impact of computer crimes, law enforcement agencies use computer forensic to investigate these offenses. Actually, computer crimes are governed by specific laws and dealt with through conducting a computer forensic investigation (Easttom & Taylor, 2011, p.337). Notably, a computer forensic investigation is usually carried out through the use of computer forensic tools, which help in collection of evidence based on the specific offense.
Casey, Eoghan. Digital Evidence and Computer Crime: Forensic Science, Computers, and the Internet. 3rd Ed. Boston: Academic Press, 2011. Print.
Information collected digitally from computers or media storage applications has protocols that need be followed during the process. The order of collecting digital information mostly determines the life expectancy of information collected (Eoghan, 2004, p. 74). There is a need to change information collection procedures since there are changes in the field of computing. In this regard, all information collected is at times determined by the type of tools and instruments supplied by the suppliers. Investigative agencies should be keen to ensure that they hire services of competent suppliers who are updated with present technology and supplies their instruments at an attractive price (Eoghan, 2004, p. 74).
Physical evidence is any physical object that contains reliable information that supports a hypothesis about the incident. Digital evidence is physical or electronic information (such as a written or electronic documentation, computer log files, data, reports, physical hardware, software, disk images, objects and so on) are collected during the investigation conducted computer. Evidence includes, but is not limited to, computer files (such as log files or generated reports) and human-generated files (such as spreadsheets, documents, or eail