On September twenty-second in the year 1862, President Abraham Lincoln executively ordered the Emancipation Proclamation during the American Civil War. This command declared the freedom of all slaves in the ten Confederate States of America. Slavery was completely abolished in all states with the passing of the Thirteenth Amendment on December sixth in the year 1865. Since then African Americans have been free to live their lives without being owned, claimed, bought, or sold. Although this was a start, it definitely was not enough for African Americans to be considered equal. With all of the progression African Americans and other minorities have made, there are still obstacles the modern day ethnic-American faces. Some of these obstacles lay within a shared interest amongst Americans, sports. It has been hypothesized in the journal article “Race and Pathways to Power in the National Football League” by author Jomills Henry Braddock II, that a retired African American athlete would face struggles when trying to move into the coaching field or front office positions (Braddock 2012, 712). In the journal article, “Weighing in on the Coaching Decision: Discussing Sports and Race Online,” author Jimmy Sanderson explains to readers that the realm of the sports world has been heavily linked to white ideology (Sanderson 2010, 302). One cannot fully live the American Dream without sustaining successful and promising career goals. It is possible that people of color can get their foot on the first rung of the corporate ladder but actually climbing their way towards the top has proven to be a difficult and almost impossible task. It is evident that affirmative action has not been able to protect minorities from stereotypes and discrimination...
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...g the superior, white-Americans. This proves ethnic-Americans must work twice as hard and twice as longer to be somewhat equal to white-Americans.
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African American’s went through a tremendous amount of emotional and physical abuse in the past because of their skin color. White people used to set strict rules for blacks and deprived them of living a life where they could enjoy freedom. We still have racial discrimination today, but I believe it’s not as bad. Sports, such as boxing saw racial discrimination occurring in their sport. Fans will shake their heads, get angry, and have an admiration for African American boxers from the past when they watch “Shadowboxing: The Journey of the African-American Boxer."
Historical and sociological research has shown, through much evidence collection and analysis of primary documents that the American sporting industry can give an accurate reflection, to a certain extent, of racial struggles and discrimination into the larger context of American society. To understand this stance, a deep look into aspects of sport beyond simply playing the game must be a primary focus. Since the integration of baseball, followed shortly after by American football, why are the numbers of African American owners, coaches and managers so very low? What accounts for the absence of African American candidates from seeking front office and managerial roles? Is a conscious decision made by established members of each organization or is this matter a deeper reflection on society? Why does a certain image and persona exist amongst many African American athletes? Sports historians often take a look at sports and make a comparison to society. Beginning in the early 1980’s, historians began looking at the integration of baseball and how it preceded the civil rights movement. The common conclusion was that integration in baseball and other sports was indeed a reflection on American society. As African Americans began to play in sports, a short time later, Jim Crow laws and segregation formally came to an end in the south. Does racism and discrimination end with the elimination of Jim Crow and the onset of the civil rights movement and other instances of race awareness and equality? According to many modern sports historians and sociologists, they do not. This paper will focus on the writings of selected historians and sociologists who examine th...
The diversity issue within America’s most popular game is apparent. Both the NFL and FBS are at an all time high in terms of revenue and viewership while the opportunity for minorities to coach at these levels has become a significant issue especially in collegiate football. Lack of proper awareness and prejudice beliefs are the core of the problem. The NFL has taken many steps to help improve the issue, while college football is beginning to realize the problem they have in hiring procedures. Many people believe the sports are turning a corner, others continue to believe they are far from resolving the issue. Whatever notion one takes in this matter it is clear that both sports suffer from a major lack in diversity when it comes to the face of their franchises and programs.
The Civil Rights Era impacted the realm of sports in a great and powerful way. Throughout the mid 1900s, many minority athletes emerged through all odds and began to integrate themselves in the white dominated athletic business. These athletes endured constant hardships in order to achieve their goals and dreams; facing much racism, segregation, and violence. Minorities across the country began to look up to these sportsmen and realized that anybody could attain greatness despite the social troubles of the time. Stories depicting the struggles of minority athletes soon arose and grew popular among different cultures. These true accounts passed from generation to generation, each admiring the courage and bravery of athletes and how important they became in obtaining an equal society. Producers and directors soon found a way to revolutionize the film industry by retelling the racial discrimination that minority athletes faced. Remember the Titans, The Perfect Game, 42, and The Express are all examples of how minority athletes overcame racial adversities in order to obtain the championship. These Hollywood movies contain many inaccuracies that draw away from the true impact minority athletes had during the Civil Right Era. Although these films do depict the racial components of the time, they do not depict the accurate occurrences of the stories they try to recreate.
One of the major stands that were made during a black athlete’s tenure during his or her sport were their statements on racism. Racism in America was an ongoing situation in the 1900’s that seemed to have no resolve before black athletes took a stand. One prime example can be Jackie Robinson who became the first African-American athlete to play baseball in the modern era. Jackie grew up in one of the most racist towns in Pasadena, California and came from a poor family as his parents were sharecroppers and...
Miller, Patrick B. Wiggins, David K. Sport and the color line: Black athletes and Race relations in Twentieth-century America. 2004. The Journal of Southern History 70 (4) (Nov 2004): 990.
Martin Luther King Jr. had a dream, but so Cassius Clay, Jackie Robinson, and Bill Russell. Long before King’s famous “I Had a Dream” speech or Rosa Parks famous stand came something much simpler: sports. Sports have always had the ability to open people’s eyes in a way that is more impactful than words or actions. The way that athletics can shape a persons mind, or open their eyes to something beyond what they already believe, is incredible. They can get everyone to root for a common purpose, a common goal. And for some, that was freedom. The integration of professional and collegiate athletics not only changed sports history, but helped shape American history.
When a person of a specific gender enters a non-traditional sport for their gender/sex, many social and moral issues will arise challenging that person involved in that particular sport. The intentions of the individual will be questioned as well as their personal interest in the sport. Before any of these questions are asked, there must be a redefinition of gender roles, femininity, and masculinity. In order for a person to enter a non-traditional sport for their gender/sex without being criticize about gender morality, society must set flexible definitions for femininity and masculinity.
The argument as to whether or not San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick made the right decision on how to protest his discontent with apparent national racial inequality has become a national debate that has many different viewpoints coming from all directions. The two most prominent approaches to this debate are that Kaepernick has the right to take his stance and that he did it the right way- by sitting and kneeling during the national anthem before a game- while other believe that he certainly does have the right to take a stance, but he should have done it in a more appropriate way that was not so painfully unpatriotic. In a Times article, “Kaepernick had no choice but to kneel” by John McWhorter, the first of the two stances
World Series game three was completed on Oct. 27, 2017 at Minute Maid Park in Houston, Texas. Within the game there wasn’t only baseball but racist remarks towards a specific pla
Dealing with the issue of sport and ethnology, three major factors come to mind; prejudice, racism, and discrimination. These factors span across gender, ethnic, racial, religious, and cultural groups. In the following paragraphs, I will discuss how these factors have played a part in the evolution of sport in our society. The first issue tackled in this paper will be racism in sports, followed by prejudice and discrimination.
The scholars expounds that Black athletes were commodities on the playing field to help win games and bring in revenue to their respected schools. However, the schools were just as eager and willing to leave their Black players behind and dishonoring the player as a part of the team. Therefore, not compromising the team’s winning and bring in profits for the school. Sadly, Black athletes at predominately White institutions (PWIs) who believed that they were bettering the live of themselves and their families members by going to college and playing collegiate sports to increase their post secondary careers. However, these athletes were only “show ponies” for their schools. Unfortunately, Black athletes had allegiance to their school; however, the school turned their backs on the athletes to protect the profit and notoriety of the school and the programs. Money and respect from White fans and spectators were more important to the PWIs than standing up for the respect of their Black players. Racial bigotry in sports was rampant and it was only going to get worse.
Sports play key events in American history and help explain how people in American society have bonded although there was racial, ethnic, and regional differences in our nation. American sports has become way more than just contests with rules that's played on fields, stadiums, or rinks. The idea of a sport is more than just a ball or puck moving between groups of athletes, or trying to cross a finish line. Some sports are very iconic part of the American culture. Changing sports would be like changing American culture, imagine that. Whether sports should be regulated or not has been a topic of discussion recently. It isn’t something that is decided over night since sports plays such a key role in our life. Sports should not be regulated due to the decrease in fans, player attraction, and revenue.
White college men perceived athletics as a way to show their superiority and justify their presence in business as well as politics. They believed athletic sports were essential in their "vision of white manhood" (Grundy, 29).... ... middle of paper ... ...which encouraged participants to develop both verbal eloquence and cool self-control" (Grundy, 169). In addition, because African Americans face greater restrictions and job competition compared to Whites, scholarships were very much valued and high school coaches worked to help African American athletes gain these scholarships.
When it comes to coaching in secondary and post-secondary schools, there are many qualified professionals willing to put forth their best effort to do what they love. However, these people can be overshadowed by males; white males especially. Why does this happen? Many of the people in power are those who want to work with people who are just like them, so more and more white males get hired, even though there may be a more qualified coach. The ratio of student athletes’ race and the race of their coaches is severely skewed in favor of more diverse athletes and less diverse coaches.