Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model Paper

The Racial/Cultural Identity Development model is a framework to help oppressed people make sense of who they are, their culture compared to the dominant culture (Sue & Sue, 2013). There are five stages of the Minority Development Model with the interaction of stages with the attitude and beliefs of self, other of the same minority, others of different minority and towards the dominant group: conformity, dissonance and appreciating, resistance and immersion, introspection, and integrative awareness (Sue & Sue, 2013). Kali identifies in the integrative awareness stage as she is confident and appreciates herself and her culture of Asian American and Pacific Islander. Kali appreciates the attitude and belief towards members of her culture

Unlike the western culture of having eye contact when speaking to others, it is considered disrespectful for Asians when communicating with authority figures such as parents and older people (Paniagua, 2005). The National language of the Philippines is Filipino and English, although there are eight major dialects, Tagalog or Filipino, Ilocano, Pangasinan, Pampango, Bicol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon and Waray-Samarnon (Belvez, 2015). The National language of Guam is Chamorro, Japanese, and English (World Language Resources, Inc., 2018). According to the Pew Research Center (2017) by the age of 5, 70% of Filipinos spoke proficient English. Out of the 70%, 94% were born in the United States, 55% were born outside of the United States (Pew Research Center, 2017). Kali’s only language is English. She does not speak nor understand the Filipino main language nor her family’s dialect of Ilocano. Kali, also, does not speak nor understand Chamorro, however, she giggles and while she says “I understand a little Spanish” as she is surrounded by the Hispanic culture in Yuma, Arizona (Kali, personal communication, February 26,