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Factors that gave rise to nationalism
External factors responsible for nationalism
Impact of technology on the economy
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Question 1: What Causes the Emergence of Nationalism Anderson notes that the emergence of nationalism was made possible by “a half-fortuitous, but explosive, interaction between a system of production…, a technology…., and the fatality of human linguistic diversity” (p. 43). The “system of production” refers to capitalism, a “technology” refers to the invention and use of the printing press, and the “fatality of linguistic diversity” refers to the eventual adoption of certain languages to dominate certain geographic areas. Print-capitalism made it possible for rapidly growing numbers of people to think about themselves and to relate themselves to others in new ways (p. 36). The spread of capitalism was aided by three extraneous factors, two of which contributed directly to the rise of national consciousness. The first was a change in the character of Latin itself. Early pre-Christian literature was spreading through the print-market. Second was the impact of the Reformation, which owed much of its success to print-capitalism. Before the age of print, Rome easily won …show more content…
At least 20,000,000 books had already by printed in Europe by 1500, and as many as 200,000,000 had been manufactured by 1600. Once consequence to this was that more-or-less fixed written versions of French, German, and English were taken out of Europe’s large range of spoken languages in this period. Profit was fatal to European linguistic diversity. Publishers would not produce translations of Luther’s sermons in every variant dialect of the French countryside; they instead translated them into the print-language “French,” which French literates were then behooved to learn. These new print-languages created unified fields of exchange and communication in a way that offered a totally new form of imagined community. Print-language was a necessary, but not sufficient condition for nationalism (p.
1. The three components of the American System were establishing a new protective tariff, starting a new transportation system and restoring the national bank. Henry Clay thought that each of these components would strengthen and unify the nation because he thought the American system would unite the nation’s economic resources because the south would grow food and raise animals that the north would eat and in return the south would by the manufactured goods the north made. A new transportation system would allow trade between the north and the south. Now America could finally become independent economically. And the tariff would help because during the War of 1812 British merchants brought a great deal of products to the United States and sold them at much lower prices than American made goods, so the tariff would raise the prices of the British goods so the American merchants could sell their products at a lower price.
Although some have said that "nationalism is measles of humankind", in my opinion, it is not. Nationalism has led to the growth of identities, and innovations. These reasons influence us in so many good ways that we should embrace nationalism to a great extent. Although at the same time I believe that we shouldn't embrace it to the extent of where we hurt others.
Q6. Nationalism was both known as a unifying and a disunifying force, your opinion depended on your perspective and background knowledge of the topic. Nationalism could be seen as a uniting force by bringing those together who believed in a single "nationality," or ancestors. Those who believed that nationalism was a unifying force also refused to be loyal to a king or queen, but they did remain loyal to those whom shared a common bond. Naturally, there were other who had different beliefs towards the topic. There were people who believed of nationalism as a disunifying force die to the fact that it would disrupt their wants to restore the old order before the French Revolution.
By the end of eleventh century, Western Europe had experienced a powerful cultural revival. The flourish of New towns provided a place for exchange of commerce and flow of knowledge and ideas. Universities, which replaced monasteries as centers of learning, poured urbanized knowledge into society. New technological advances and economics transformations provided the means for building magnificent architectures. These developments were representative of the mental and behavioral transformations that the medieval world underwent and the new relationships that were brought about between men, women and society in the twelfth century. As in technology, science, and scholasticism, Literature was also reborn with a new theme.3
Prior to and after WWI the world saw a rise in nationalistic sentiments. The Middle East was not immune to this new ideology. Although Arab Nationalism had a start in the Ottoman Empire, its rise among the masses did not begin until after WWI. While a total rise in Arab Nationalism became apparent on the Arabian Peninsula, a separate nationalist movement began in Palestine as a way to combat a unique and repressive situation. In Palestine the British mandate, along with British support, and the world's support for Zionist immigration into Palestine, caused a number of European Zionists to move into the country. These factors created an agitated atmosphere among Palestinians. Although there was more than one factor in creating a Palestinian-centered Arab Nationalism, the mounting Zionist immigration was among the most prevalent of forces.
Nationalism is way of thinking both political and socially to create a community united by: history, ethnicity, religions, common culture, and language. Numerous effects occurred while establishing a Nationalist community, some effects were a long term impact on Nationalism, and other was short term impacts on Nationalism.
The authors focused on writing about problems of the church in the period before the middle ages. Their reasoning for writing about is was purely to learn from the past mistakes and not to imitate it. “There, scholars and mystics studied the past not to imitate, but to learn. The desire to reform was a profound as the need. But to reform the church and society one had to know their original form (Lurier 274).” Northerners in Europe began to use the new invention of the printing press; they began to write their works in the native tongue of the land (the vernacular). Prior to the printing press works were written and then later copied down translating to Greek or Latin. The printing press allowed writers to write in vernacular and be read by many people. There was a huge concern with translating the bible into vernacular because it was an idea of protestant reform. Martin Luther is considered not only to be a reformer (and a founding father of Protestantism), but also a humanist
*All primary documents from this text come with this preface in mind (especially that which I have bolded): In this volume, as in its predecessor, I have tried to keep both footnotes and editorial comment to a minimum, the only real problem occurring with documents written in the emerging literary English of the period. With most of these I have used modern versions, but one or two I have left in the original, to instance the spelling and form of the language. With these some notes have been necessary, but by and large they are intelligible with a little effort, and should be interesting to read. Such mistakes, as exist are of course, mine.
Crawford, James. “A nation divided by one language.” Guardian.co.uk. 8 Mar 2001. Web. 11 October 2014
Hsia, R. Po-chia. Social Discipline in the Reformation: Central Europe 1550-1750. London: Routledge, 1989. Print.
During the 16th century, European global reach expanded rapidly, greatly enriching several nations while also facilitating the trade of goods and knowledge. Within Europe, general population growth and the Protestant reformation helped create widespread turmoil. Following in the footsteps of people such as Martin Luther and Bartolome De Las Casas, Montaigne’s writing also breaks from traditional European cultural and intellectual attitudes, addressing the lack of European self criticism and analysis, while challenging the ideas of exceptionalism and that have existed in European society since it’s inception. The essays of Montaigne reflect the growing pains of a maturing Europe.
Proving to be the paramount of the conflict between faith and reason, the European Enlightenment of the eighteenth century challenged each of the traditional values of that age. Europeans were changing, but Europe’s institutions were not keeping pace with that change.1 Throughout that time period, the most influential and conservative institution of Europe, the Roman Catholic Church, was forced into direct confrontation with these changing ideals. The Church continued to insist that it was the only source of truth and that all who lived beyond its bounds were damned; it was painfully apparent to any reasonably educated person, however, that the majority of the world’s population were not Christians.2 In the wake of witch hunts, imperial conquest, and an intellectual revolution, the Roman Catholic Church found itself threatened by change on all fronts.3 The significant role that the Church played during the Enlightenment was ultimately challenged by the populace’s refusal to abide by religious intolerance, the power of the aristocracy and Absolutism, and the rising popularity of champions of reform and print culture, the philosophes, who shared a general opposition to the Roman Catholic Church.
Nationalism has played a crucial role in world history over the past centuries. It continues to do so today. For many, nationalism is indelibly associated with some of the worst aspects of modern history, such as the destructive confidence of the Napoleon’s army and the murderous pride of Nazi Germany. Large numbers of people, descent in their hearts, have carried out unbelievable atrocities for no better reason than their nation required them to. Authoritarian and totalitarian regime have crushed dissent, eliminated opposition, and trampled on civil liberties in the name of the nation.
The renaissance and the reformation were two of the most significant changes in history that has shaped our world today. Both of these great time periods are strikingly similar in some ways and totally different in others. This is because the renaissance was a change from religion to humanism whether it is in art or literature; it is where the individual began to matter. However, the reformation was,” in a nutshell,” a way to reform the church and even more so to form the way our society is today. The first half of this paper will view the drop in faith, the economic powers, and the artistic and literary changes during the renaissance, while the second half will view the progresses and changes the church makes during the reformation.
The invention of the printing press helped to make printed materials available to individuals of all social classes not only “to princes, scholars and individuals who could afford the materials” (Thompson 210). The printing press allowed the English language to stabilize. The availability of standardized print for punctuation, grammar and spelling looked the same. “No longer was literature a rarefied privileged domain” (Menon, Sindhu and Merriman, Renaissance in Literature). The invention of movable print and the ability to produce printed materials allowed the idea of trading printed books and material...