The changing views of society over a period of time can be reflected by the punishment techniques that were used by the society. Whereas in previous times, punishments were mainly to discourage people from following criminals, and often for vengeance, it was later to try and reform the person so they can contribute to society, and repent their sins. The ruling government/monarchy also had influence over punishments. Varying societal views can be demonstrated in England and China, during the Tudor and Victorian eras, and Ancient China and the Qing dynasty respectively.
The Tudor era, from 1485-1603, still had excruciating punishments towards criminals. They were intended to prevent others from committing the crimes. Public executions were very common during the Tudor era, and extremely popular. Beheading was a common for those who committed treason, and even for not complying with the correct religion. They were usually publically displayed, and attracted many crowds who had no entertainment, despite the true purpose of public executions. This expresses not only the views of physical pain and death to deter people, but also the entertainment that people had for seeing the death of people.
The monarchy could also affect punishments. King Henry VIII had almost 72,000 people executed during his reign of terror. Quite a few of his reasons were senseless, but it was also to rule for longer. Henry executed many people, regardless of his relationship with them. Henry’s second wife, Anne Boleyn, was beheaded as she did not produce a male heir and she was seen flirting with other men. Sir Thomas More, one of Henry’s best friends, was also executed after refusing to become a Protestant. When Henry’s daughter, Mary I, came into power, she...
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...ishments varied depending on the person. Rich and poor people had varying punishments; now, despite social status or gender, people are only punished differently by age. Being punishable by death is also quite rare today, only being used in a few societies. Additionally, olden time punishments were more physical, to mainly hinder people from crime. Today’s punishments are to affect the person mentally, in the hope that they will be rehabilitated and become a better person.
There are many similarities and differences in relation to punishment techniques, and how it reflects societal views. Punishments today are aimed at mentally reforming the person so they can become a better person, whereas before physical punishment was to prevent people from overthrowing the ruler. These ideas are exhibited in the Tudor to Victorian times and Ancient China and the Qing dynasty.
A common theme among all of the styles of punishment during the Elizabethan era is presenting the prisoners with the most gruesome punishments
When the our criminal justice system introduced punishments, sanctions for criminal behavior tended to be public events which were designed to shame the person and deter others. These punishments included ducking stool, the pillory, whipping, branding and the stocks. As years progressed, these punishments have slowly started disappear from our penology and capital punishment was introduced. According to Kronenwetter,
Today some people can get away with just about any small crime with no punishments, but in the Elizabethan era you'd think twice before committing a crime. For stealing fruit in the Elizabethan era you can lose your hand. Today you would get community service or some other small punishment. The punishment you were given had to do with the crime, your wealth, and who you were connected to.
...ments. Through the public humiliation of hundreds of criminals, public squares became lively areas full of excitement and joy. Even if it did not effectively deter crime, the cruel and unusual punishments of the Elizabethan Era helped citizens keep occupied. When punishments were not deadly, they were still painful enough to strike fear into the citizens of England. Obviously, the Elizabethan Era was a very violent time in England.
...e. This is incorporated in the lesson by creating a task which students compare a medieval punishment to a contemporary punishment, allowing them with evidence to argue which society is more desirable.
Criminals were not dealt with in private. They were displayed in towns and the middle of the marketplace for all the people to see. Many were witnessed by hundreds of people. Commoners treated punishment days as “exciting” days out("Elizabethan Crime and Punishment" 1). The crowds of people who gathered for the public punishments and executions could be considered twisted individuals. They relished these days. For example, theft resulted in public hanging for all of the people to watch. Often times crimes were falsely accused and the crowds knew it, but nothing could be done. Small crimes, such as stealing bird eggs would result in a death sentence. It was the terrible price starving people had to pay because the government made begging illegal("Elizabethan Crime and Punishment" 1). Many crimes resulted in brutal beatings. Beatings and executions were definitely not an issue, the only question was the type of beating a person would get or how they a would be executed("Elizabethan Crime and Punishment" 1). A lot of times the Upper class was exempt from punishment unless it was a serious crime. Unfortunately, the Commoners did not get that valuable treatment because they were almost always in trouble. With any evidence of relationships with evil spirits condemned a person to death by hanging, burning, or drowning. More punishments included: beheading, pressing, and the drunkard's cloak. The drunkard’s cloak was basically a big barrel
Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offence or a capital crime. In those jurisdictions that practice capital punishment, its use is usually restricted to a small number of criminal offences, principally, treason and murder, that is, the deliberate premeditated killing of another person. In the early 18th and 19th century the death penalty was inflicted in many ways. Some ways were, crucifixion, boiling in oil, drawing and quartering, impalement, beheading, burning alive, crushing, tearing asunder, stoning and drowning. In the late 19th century the types of punishments were limited and only a few of them remained permissible by law.
From the beginning of time mankind have committed crime. Medieval Europe was rife with crime and the punishments were harsh. Throughout the Medieval period attitudes to crime and punishment changed. From 500AD-1500AD in Europe the way punishments were decided and carried out had developed from a sense of fear and crowd pleasing into a structured legal system.
There are several types of punishment that can be inflicted upon an offender including, fines, community sanctions and imprisonment (The Judicial Conference of Australia, 2007). Punishment is described as a sanction which inflicts a certain amount of pain and loss on the offender, used for payback and deter (The Judicial Conference of Australia, 2007; Carlsmith, Darley, & Robinson, 2002). There are three ways society justifies punishing offenders, through the
"Today's system, where imprisonment is a common penalty for most crimes, is a historical newcomer." Many crimes during 1718 and 1776 were punishable by death. This was usually done by hanging, sometimes by stoning, breaking on the rack and burning at the stake. Towards the end of the 1700's people realized that cruel punishment did little to reduce crime and their society was changing the population grew and people started to move around more frequently. There had to be a search for new punishments. "New punishments were to rely heavily on new ideas imported from Europe in the writing of such social thinkers of the Enlightenment as the baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, Thomas Pain and Cesare Beccaria". These thinkers came to believe that criminals could be rehabilitated."
On June 28th, 1491, a boy was born in Greenwich Palace to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. (Scarisbrick 1968) They named their son Henry VIII, after Henry VII. Henry was the second of the four sons that Elizabeth and Henry would have but he was the only one to survive to adulthood. His older brother was Arthur, and his two sisters were Margaret and Mary, and they would be the only ones who survived infancy. However, every ruler has a weakness, and Henry’s was women. The impact of women on Henry would show, even in his reign as king.
To start off, I will discuss the history of the death penalty. The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes. Death sentences were carried out by such means as crucifixion, boiling, beheading, drowning, beating to death, burning alive, and impalement.
Punishing the unlawful, undesirable and deviant members of society is an aspect of criminal justice that has experienced a variety of transformations throughout history. Although the concept of retribution has remained a constant (the idea that the law breaker must somehow pay his/her debt to society), the methods used to enforce and achieve that retribution has changed a great deal. The growth and development of society, along with an underlying, perpetual fear of crime, are heavily linked to the use of vastly different forms of punishment that have ranged from public executions, forced labor, penal welfare and popular punitivism over the course of only a few hundred years. Crime constructs us as a society whilst society, simultaneously determines what is criminal. Since society is always changing, how we see crime and criminal behavior is changing, thus the way in which we punish those criminal behaviors changes.
Punishment has been in existence since the early colonial period and has continued throughout history as a method used to deter criminals from committing criminal acts. Philosophers believe that punishment is a necessity in today’s modern society as it is a worldwide response to crime and violence. Friedrich Nietzche’s book “Punishment and Rehabilitation” reiterates that “punishment makes us into who we are; it creates in us a sense of responsibility and the ability to take and release our social obligations” (Blue, Naden, 2001). Immanuel Kant believes that if an individual commits a crime then punishment should be inflicted upon that individual for the crime committed. Cesare Beccaria, also believes that if there is a breach of the law by individuals then that individual should be punished accordingly.
person knew that a particularly painful punishment was in-store for them, they would not commit the crime. This led to the creation of such punishments as beatings, torture, banishment, death, fines, and public humiliation.