Fire-fighting as we know it today has gone through a long history of development and changes since the first recorded firefighting attempts were created in the 2nd Century in Alexandria (A Fire Pro, n.d.). One example of this would be the modern pumper truck, or pumper apparatus. The first self-propelled steam powered fire engine was built in New York in 1841 and began the chain reaction of developments that created the fire apparatuses that people know and love today (Calfee, n.d.). When the internal combustion engine was created in the early 1900’s, many departments began to turn away from the steam driven apparatuses that were currently in service. There was one flaw with these new machines though, it had to have two engines to operate …show more content…
These trucks include the engine, which is the standard apparatus, the tower, an apparatus with a hydraulic ladder attached that allows for easier maneuverability, and the pumper truck. The pumper truck itself has gone through many changes over the course of the last hundred years motorized apparatuses have been around. In the 1920’s, pumper trucks could only pump between 400- to 600-gallons per minute. These pumpers by the 1940’s, known as Class B pumpers, were replaced by Class A pumpers. These Class A pumpers could pump an average of 500-gallons per minute or more through the 1940’s and 1950’s. By the early 1970’s though, Class A pumpers had a rating of 750-gallons per minute, which increased to 1,000-1,250-gallons per minute in the late 1970’s. By the mid 1990’s, however, is when we get the pressure we operate at today: 1,500-gallons per minute (Fire Apparatus and Emergency Equipment, 2010). But what created such a high pressure? The horsepower of the engine did. In the 1940’s to 1950’s, the engines on the truck only had 110-150 horsepower, which was increased to 160 to 190 horsepower in the 1960’s. In the 1970’s, there was a switch from gasoline to diesel, causing the horse power in a commercial engine to go from 220 horsepower in the early 1970’s, to 210-240 horsepower in the late 1970’s. By the 1980’s, engines were at 240 to 280 horsepower. And finally, the big jump came
Once that a juvenile needs to be interviewed in regards to the investigation of a fire the interview should be done in a quiet area or room free of noise, distractions, and interruptions. One mindset of the juvenile fire setter is to demonstrate that authority figures have no impact on them and will demonstrate a “bad attitude”. The ability to annoy and frustrate an investigator is rewarding to them. One way to counteract this tactic is to ignore it as best as possible. The investigator needs to stay on track and keep the focus on the goal of getting the needed information. The investigator needs to be clear to the juvenile the purpose of the interview and expectations beforehand. The investigator needs to open with what will happen to the
'Is it true that long ago firemen put fires out instead of going to start them?’ ‘No. Houses. have always been fireproof, take my word for it.’ ‘Strange. I heard once that a long time ago houses used to burn by accident and they needed firemen to stop the flames.’ He laughed.
Over the next few years however, Chevy's continuous remodeling, unlike Ford's, caused Chevy to take first place. By 1925, Chevy was offering multiple trucks and cars. Introduced the six-cylinder in 1929. In 1929 but mainly in the Thirties The Great Depression became more difficult, Chevy's slogan: "The Great American Value" stilled helped them manage to sell an ample amount of vehicles. Chevy's were known for both style and class thanks to designer Harley Earl, who gave Chevy cars, like the 1932 Deluxe Roadster, the look of the luxurious Cadillac brand. Also he incorporated the first 'Knee-Action front suspension in low price category. In 1935, the Chevy Suburban was introduced. It was the first continuously produced line of truck based 'wagons', now known as SUVs. Chevy's style had similar characteristics to that of Cadillac, although Chevy's were priced much lower, like the Sports Roadster, priced around $445 during the Depression years. Over the past 81 years, the Chevy Suburban has become that longest continually produced vehicle 'nameplate' in the U.S., still having many of the same purposes now in 2016, as it did in 1935. Chevrolet entered the Forties with a bright outlook and new models of cars, then World War 2 started. Chevy had massive war efforts and helped the Allied forces. After WWII, people couldn't wait to get new cars & trucks, with newer
Fires were a very common obstacle at the time, but nothing was even close to the fire of 1871. On October 8th, firefighters received a call from the neighbor of Catherine O’Leary. Neighbors reported seeing a number of flames coming from the cow barn. Firemen instantly spotted the fire, but miscalculated how big it really was. This event was historically known as the Chicago Fire of 1871 (“People 7 Events”).
# Coleman, Ronny J., et al.Fighter's Handbook: Essentials of Firefighting and Emergency Response. Delmar/Thompson Learning, Stamford, CT, 2000.
Imposing even when not in motion, monster trucks of today are high-octane mechanisms of mayhem. The evolution of these arena-filling creations garners great interest within the auto culture, given the capacity for performance today’s formidable monster trucks possess. Modified trucks emerged as sideshow entertainment, but today the industry’s grandest machines fill some of the nation’s most sizable venues with their gravity-defying feats, as families marvel at the bedlam on display when truck capabilities are put to the test.
...rn, M., Ramroth, L., & Lovins, A. B. (2008). Transformational trucks: determining the energy efficiency limits of a class-8 tractor-trailer. Rocky Mountain Institute, Snowmass, CO.
In 1960, the American car landscape itself had expanded as Detroit began offering “compacts” alongside their full-size models. Many drivers, however, were looking for something in between these full size and compact model; this interest gave way to a new class, the intermediate. With many innovations between 1960 and 1964, like the 406 cubic inch V8 from Ford, the 389 from General Motors, and the wedge V8s from Chrysler, the golden age of muscle cars began in 1964. The Pontiac Tempest G...
Electric traction had numerous advantages over steam railroads. One major advantage was electric locomotive’s ability to pull heavier loads than steam locomotives (Bezilla, 30-31). One statement from electrical manufacturers’ stated that an electric locomotive could pull from five times its own weight on a 2% grade, whereas a steam locomotive on the same grade could only pull two times its own weight (Bezilla, 31). In addition to this, the electric motors could sustain higher currents for a short time in order to increase horsepower dramatically; steam engines had no analogous feature (Bezilla, 31). These factors combined allowed for electric locomotives to accelerate more rapidly, even while pulling more weight, than steam locomotives (Bezilla, 31). The electric motor also had less moving parts and thus needed less maintenance than complex steam engines (Bezilla, 31). For example, the Pennsylvania Railroad’s electric locomotives in 1940 were typically running 90% of the time, but the steam locomotives that the electric ones replaced had only ran 69% of the time (Bezilla, 32). The...
The United States trucking industry is a very thriving industry and has continued to grow since the beginning of the 1900’s. The motor carrier act of 1935 allowed regulations to be set for the growing trucking industry. These standards made trucking safer for the driver and others as well. With the growing of mass production of products, transporting these goods was not efficient using trains or other types of shipping, so large trucks and trailers became the most popular method for shipping. This created a huge market for truck producers to supply trucks for the new form of freight transportation. Brother’s Jack and Augustus Mack saw the perfect opportunity to use their mechanical abilities.
Technology was at the top of its game during this time. We had new inventions like the automobile, flights, and mass broadcasting.The automobile before was seen or known as a luxury items and only those who could afford them owned them, but by the 1920’s vehicles were being mass-produced and were commonly seen. Alfred Sloan who was the president of general motors created began devoting more time to automotive styling. His technical advances of the decade included four wheel brakes, automatic engine temperature control, schock absorbers, automatic choking, and adjustable rides; all of which improved the ride and comfort of the car (Rose,216).
In the 1920s, the automobile industry was being quickly innovated by companies coming out with new cars, very quickly. In 1901 the new Detroit factory burned down and the only automobile to be rescued from the flames was a gasoline powered runabout, the “curved dash” Oldsmobile. Also in 1901, there was a discovery of a seemingly “inexhaustible” supply of oil near Beaumont, Texas. These rich deposits of petroleum made gasoline readily available and gave added impetus to the internal combustion engine in its competition with steam and electric power. In March, fires destroyed most of the Olds Plant and the only car that was saved was the Curved Dash olds. Olds rebuilt immediately and put all the production resources into the little Curved Dash Olds, the “Merry Oldsmobile”. A car was envisioned which weighed 500 pounds and could be sold for $500. Actually, when the famous Curved-Dash Oldsmobile runabout car was finished, it weighed 700 pounds and was sold for $650. Between 1901 and 1904, over 12,000 Oldsmobile cars were built and sold. This was the first volume production car in the world. Speedometers appear first on Oldsmobile. To serve as an advertisement, a Curved Dash Olds was driven from Detroit to New York. This was the longest automobile trip that had been made in the U.S. until that time. Later, in about 1923, standard equipment included four wheel brakes, foot-controlled headlamp dimmer switches, and power operated windshield wipers. On Feb. 2, "Ethyl" gas was first put on the market. The lowest priced T was the runabout, selling at $265. 1908 October 1, Henry Ford put the first of his T's on the road. The 4-cylinder, 20-horsepower T was available in two styles. The runabout sold for $825, the touring for $850. During the last three months of 1908, the Ford Motor Company sold 6,000 cars. William C. Durant sold 9,000 Buick’s during 1908. The Ford Motor Company greatly outpaced its competitors in reconciling state-of-the-art design with moderate price. Cycle and Automobile Trade Journal called the four-cylinder, fifteen-horsepower, $600 Ford N (1906-1907) "the very first instance of a low-cost motorcar driven by a gas engine having cylinders enough to give the shaft a turning impulse in each shaft turn which was well built and offered in large numbers." Deluged with orders, Ford installed improved production equipment and after 1906 was able to make deliveries of a hundred cars a day.
In 1889, the configuration of the “V” engine was introduced. The reason it is called the V engine is because; the engine as a whole gave the appearance of the letter V when viewing it from the crankshaft. Originally this engine was made with just two cylinders. For a long time the engine only had one crankshaft and one crankpin. After reviewing the engine, engineers decided to incorporate two crankshafts and two crankpins. This gave each crankshaft less mass. With both crankshafts having less mass and carrying less inertia it allowed them to move quicker. Since the crankshafts moved faster the engine could rev up and down faster.
Small engines were not the most popular item on the market until after World War 1 and even than the steam engines were preferred instead of gas engines. One of the first small engines that were used by common people was lawn mowers. The lawn mower was invented by Edwin Budding in 1830 from England. Edwin Budding and John Ferrabee was the first mowing company and was established as a partnership but, they did not let other companies copy there work until 1832. Once that idea was out many different companies have produced different types of mowers (Source A). The next huge impact on lawn mowers was in the 1970’s when Briggs and Stratton used less gas, to make electric motors, and also made them out of 98% recycled aluminum. Than in the 1990’s Briggs and Stratton made a never before seen, Type “P” engine, which powered washing machines, garden tractors, cultivators, and generators. The affordability of this engine made it possible for common people to purch...
ton mileage over the past 30 years. This is mostly due to the increase in truck