Running head: DEFINITION OF PUBLIC SERVICE
Definition of Public Service
T00587873
Clinton School of Public Service
Abstract
Every society has some form of norms or cultural dictates that define who they are and what they base their values on. One of the key aspects in of communal life is how people solve problems for the common good of all that live in that society. This acts calls for brevity because it involves deconstructing structures, believes and perceptions that the people affirm to. In this paper the author is going to reflect on what constitutes public service in his own perceptions by interacting with literature review and materials discussed in the foundation of public service class.
Introduction:
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The pragmatic truth is that in defining public service, contextual analysis seems to be a big factor. When we view public service as a noun, it is made of two words. The first word public has to do with a group of people living together under certain rules or norms whereas the other word service symbolizes a kind of activity or work. The oxford reference dictionary defines public service as “work undertaken by someone or organization that benefits the general public.” (www.oxfordreference.com). In defining what constitutes public service, the author will focus on the following things. Motive behind the drive into public service, the common good aspect, and the outcome parameters and last but not least the author will look at …show more content…
The author had never thought about this question until it was asked to him. He was very confortable with answering where his area of concern in public service was but not the former. In their book something to believe in, Scheinghold & Sarat argues that, “cause lawyers to have something that that believes in and that they some form of moral commitment that drives them to do what they do. In whatever you do, it should contribute to social justice; the need to assume greater moral responsibility for the consequences of their professional conduct. (2004, p.10) This means that public service is a higher calling that calls one to thwart his personal interest for the sake of others. For one to be in this position, they have to guided by some form of values or ethos as Salminen and Mantysalo puts it that,“ “ The public service ethos is the set of values that guide and motivate civil servants in the practice of their profession… the sum of ideals that define the culture of your work.” (2013, p.168). In referring to Bowman and Pugh’s work, they continue to define work ethos into two categories. “The bureaucratic ethos related to values of efficiency, expertise, efficacy and loyalty. It also has to do with obedience of law to preserve moral character at work. The second one is democratic ethos that comprises of values that emphasizes social equity” (Salminen & Mantysalo 2013, p.169). Therefore venturing into public service, one ought to
This is better explained by the public servant knowing why he is doing the job and who it is benefiting, socially, and how he is impacting and making a change for the better in their own mind, personal. In the first two “chapters” of Caught between the Dog and the Fireplug, or How to
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Woodrow Wilson, after earning his Ph.D. became a political science teacher at a college in Pennsylvania. At that time, public administration was very foreign in America and Wilson felt the need for it to be developed. Woodrow Wilson framed the initial study of public administration in The United States. Additionally, according to Wilson there were many events that took place during that era of the late nineteenth century that forced America to take notice of its need for public administration. “Technological innovations and growing international involvement in the Spanish-American War, combined with increasing participation in a democratic government,”
The individual attributes are the internal controls which include skills such as making ethical decisions, virtues, understanding the character traits or inner moral qualities and professional value. Interest in virtue as a vital individual component in administrative ethics has expanded and strengthened in recent years. Stephen Bailey recognized three essential mental attitudes and three moral qualities that are desirable for all public servants at all levels or the government. The first mental attitude is an acknowledgment of the moral ambiguity of all the people and all of the public policies. The second is an acknowledgement of the related forces that conditions moral priorities in the public service. The last mental attitude is an acknowledgement of the paradox and procedures. The three moral qualities consist of optimism, courage and, fairness tampered with charity (Cooper, 2012 pg. 168).
Respect for duty is the most important quality in public service as it is in For Whom the Bell
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I discovered how sticking to one’s morals should be the topmost priority for everyone involved in business, whether personal or professional. Regardless of what the consequences may be, the intensity of the problem, and the complexities it may bring, sacrificing one’s integrity should never be an option, as integrity goes hand-in-hand with the morals of an individual (Duggan & Woodhouse, 2011). They further go on to say that having individuals take part in building a code of ethics that supports employee integrity, they will act ethically. Also, I believe that companies should place more emphasis on the moral behavior of their employees, and clear-cut policies should be set regarding such ethical situations. Furthermore, I realized how serving justice while making decisions really helps in the long run, and that opting to go for the ideal rather than they deserved is not always the best option, and could hurt a company in more than one
The New Public Management plays a valuable role as a policy tool and as a means by which to advance rhetoric of efficiency, prudence and efficacy in state management, at a time when these values had re-emerged as a primary driving force behind mass-liberation of national economies and the international political economy in general . This new policy was implemented with a mind to change the old running of the public sector into a new form by imitating the business style of the private sector. This is because some of the politicians felt that the public servants lucked the drive and determination of the many citizens that worked outside of the public sector. So the idea was to become more like the private sector in terms of implementing better services to the citizens, as well as being more challenging when producing policies which conflict with others in the public sector. One of the major reasons why this policy gained more than enough support in earlier years was as a result of the Cold War.
The lack of service delivery is a vital subject that is tackled by countless residents and government officials. Thus, distinct methods are needed to safeguard that services are delivered below the leadership of local government. The purpose if this essay is to converse about the reasons why governments commence on Alternative service delivery mechanisms. This will be accomplished by bestowing definitions of precise concepts by also considering technological improvements as Alternative service delivery methods. Furthermore, this essay will recognize alongside suitable examples, the acts played by voluntary associations and private contractors in advancing competent and effectual ability to deliver services.
The difference between ethics and morals, between unethical conduct and immoral behavior, is significant with regards to the actions of elected officials. Elected officials should be obliged to live with ethical conduct but necessary moral behavior. Obligating elected officials to live ethically exemplary lives with regards to their profession is appropriate because the officials are elected into their government positions by the nation's or region's citizens. Those denizens expect their officials to abide by the region's own ethics, by “well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ough...
1. The purpose of this response is to assert the active role of public managers in policy making. By using their technical, analytical and managerial skills public managers can be effective in the policy process and just in implementation.
Public policy can be defined as “What ever governments choose to do or not do” (Dye, 2008, p 2). In the context of this essay, public policies are a set of actors by the government in order to reach out to the masses. The ministries and departments are mandated to deliver specific mandates in the form of public goods and services.
Parliamentary democracy and various institutions are vital for the interests of the public. Public servants recognize elected officials as custodians of democracy as they represent their interests in the parliament. Thus, non-partisan public sector is crucial to the citizens’ democratic system. Code of ethics also provides for respect for people by treating all people with dignity and fairness irrespective of type of profession, racial background, income, health, or gender among other factors. There are practices outside rules and regulations stipulated by statutes but are part of the public sector. Failure to address these ethical requirements or addressing them within the confines of the rules and regulations will lead to imbalance in the public sector. Most jurisdictions provide for human dignity and the need for its respect and protection. However, through ethical practices considered in ethical codes, the respect and protection of human dignity is executable. This will promote openness, engagement, and transparency in the operation among public servants (ASPA, 1994; ASPA, 2013a; ASPA,