Our text book, authored by Richmond, McCroskey, and Hickson (2012), identified three psychological time orientations, pat, present, and future orientations. Past-orientation refers to people who “place high regard on the past, the reliving of past events, and cherishing past happiness” (p. 194). These types of people allow the present to shaped by past events. This orientation can be related to procrastination because, if you have a project deadline (i.e. essay or school project) but you didn’t get as good a grade on the last assignment, you may relive those moments and think that you 'll fail because thats what happened the first time around. Instead of looking at the current project as something new with new possibilities, your mind goes …show more content…
(2012) define punctuality as being “on time or a little before” (p. 202) and that “punctuality is not a form of informal time, but it is often used in the informal sense” (p 202). Apart from this, Hall suggests two different ways to define procrastination. The first is “displaced point pattern” which means that, if someone says to arrive by 6:00pm, people who view time as displaced will show up before 6:00pm. These people will arrive ranging from 5:30-5:57pm while most of them will arrive around 5:55pm. People view time as fixed and plan accordingly. They are the ones who do not like to be late and, even if they arrive thirty minute prior, they have peace of mind about not being late. The second definition is “diffused point pattern.” People in this category would arrive between 5:55 and 6:15pm. Individuals in this category do not view time as fixed rather as a rough estimation as to when to arrive. They could be considered those who arrive “fashionably late” but still close to the original start time. Though Americans can be classified as a culture that values time and promptness, there are still those who fall under this second definition of …show more content…
One culture might view time as an absolute, you must be on time to meetings and meet deadlines, while another might view time as fluid and punctuality may not be as big a deal. They gave the example that in Africa, the Middle East, and South America, they don’t work in minutes and seconds like we in America do. Instead, they work in blocks of time (mornings, afternoon, half-a-day, ect.) so they place less emphasis on the exact time it takes to complete a project rather, what they can get done within the desired block of time. Another example they gave was France which, as they put it, is a cultural anomaly. They said that in this culture, punctuality is not a high priority. Being late to appointments, meetings, maybe even a doctors office would not offend the person you’re meeting as it would here in the States. However, punctuality is very important in regards to food and restaurant reservations. This anomaly occurs since the French place high importance on food and food related events. If you arrive late to a reservation, it is viewed as an insult to culinary
Just as they are standing face-to-face with each other, I am standing face-to-face with procrastination. I encounter difficulty managing my time with just about everything I do; I always wait too long. Throughout high school I was never in a hurry to get any of my work done. The work was easy to me, so if I waited until the last minute to do anything, it wasn’t hard for me to finish. I could always take my time to get everything done and still get a good grade in high school. Even if the work was harder and took me a little extra time, my teachers were all very lenient and accepted late work. My high school was very easy and allowed me to get into the bad habit of procrastinating.
Chronemics, also known as the study of time, varies greatly from culture to culture. The American culture is very adamant about time, that if one is late to an event, a negative message is usually attached to their behavior. Arriving to class or to a meeting on time is a typical norm for this
Procrastination in terms of weakness of will has only been recently discussed in philosophical discourse. According to Richard Holton, weakness of will or the lack of willpower is defined as acting against one’s values or when one is too easily able to reconsider their intentions. Procrastination, by definition, is the act of avoiding completing tasks often until rearing that deadline. Procrastination has commonly been viewed as irrational and has held a negative connotation, partly due to being considered a willful act by an individual. Procrastination, like other aspects that resemble a lack of willpower, is naturally attached to the concept of weakness of will by not only laymen, but also theorists and philosophers. Only recently has procrastination
Ferrari, Joseph, Dr. "Psychology of Procrastination: Why People Put Off Important Tasks Until the Last Minute." American Psychological Association. 5 April 2010. Web. 02 May 2014.
In the workplace, time management is an important factor in everyone’s day-to-day work. If a person’s time is well managed, it is possible to achieve a greater amount in a shorter space of time. How effectively people manage their time has a major influence on aspects of their working lives and their personal lives. Effective time management can have a hugely positive effect on a person, it can lead to a focused and disciplined mentality, giving a higher level of productivity, greater efficiency and an all round positive attitude in life. This benefits the individual, their team, the company they work for and also their friends and family. An example of this is an employee who prioritises their jobs at the start of the day; this gives them a structured day and ensures they have time to complete all of the important jobs. However, if time is poorly managed it can lead to inefficiencies, work overload and added pressure, this could eventually lead on to other issues such as stress.
Napoleon Hill said procrastination is the bad habit of putting off until the day after tomorrow what should have been done the day before yesterday. A lot of people today will actually experience procrastination in their everyday life, and is not looked at as a problem until it interferes with peoples’ ability to work and if it creates psychological and physical discomfort. Students often procrastinate and most research is observing the college students likeliness to procrastinate. To look at only college students would be bias however since it affects everyone, almost every day. To find out why people procrastinate, looking at personality and motivation can be where the answer lies. One of the leading researchers in procrastination is Joseph Ferrari. He looks at the definition of procrastination, many reasons procrastinations occurs, and the personality types it occurs in.
...o one thing: time. Time coined the phrases such as be on time, late, and early, that we put on others because that is what we expect from them. If the following requirements can’t be met positively, then our judgement of that individual goes down because of their bad time management. It’s all about time, and sometimes it can’t be controlled.
Pychyl, T. (2011). Procrastination: Oops, where did the day go? Psychology Today, 44(5), 58. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
THE POWER OF THE MOMENT: The ability to stay in the present is a virtue. Most people are always living either in the past or in the future. So they are either worrying about the past, worrying about the past pains, the past results, the past failures, past relationships, past struggles, or they are ruminating about the future fears, the future impossibilities, the future achievements, future possibilities. Worrying about the past or future would not benefit you as you are putting yourself in a position of disadvantage.
The definition of procrastination is: the action of delaying or postponing something. Tim Urban, who conducts a speech called Inside the Mind of a Master Procrastinator for TED in 2016, explains that every human is a procrastinator- some more than others. I agree with everything he says in his speech because I can connect with every piece of evidence he claims, mostly including that there is a “Panic Monster” that pops up in your brain when you are close to a deadline and haven’t gotten anything done, especially when it comes from why I’m always so stressed out about school. There are two different kinds of procrastination: deadline and non-deadline. (Urban, 2016) Everyone that I have ever met is a procrastinator
After spending three hours perusing the internet on articles about procrastination and time management, with two of those hours spent looking at planners, apps, and other various materials that theoretically will help me stop procrastinating, I suppose it is time to actually start writing my paper about procrastinating. I’ve fallen into the learned habit that I work best under pressure; however, the process of procrastination is always laced with acute anxiety and hassle, even if I ultimately finish the assignment on time. I am on a journey to find out why people procrastinate and hopefully find attainable solutions to the problem of procrastination, but first I must go outside and play in the snow.
Procrastination is putting tasks off to the last possible minute; you procrastinate when you shelve things you should be focusing on like right now for something else, usually something you are more comfortable doing. Procrastination is the science of delay.
Most humans have habits, habits in which they do simply because if they do not do them they feel uncomfortable. Procrastination is one of those habits that not all, but most people suffer from. Procrastination means to put off key things to do less important things that could possibly wait. It has been proving that all most everyone procrastinates, but procrastination does not determine what type of person one is. Procrastination is like a virus or a bad cold that does not want to go away. If one does not stop the problem it will get bigger; therefore, if people do not control their procrastinating they will start to do it more. However, the worst time to procrastinate is in college. College students often forget hoe important time is. Being a procrastinator can lead to several different outcomes. Procrastination can led to either good or bad outcomes. It all depends on the person doing the procrastinating. Procrastination is not always meant to happen; sometimes it simply happens because a person is too busy. Procrastination has both good and bad causes and effects, can cause failure, and bad decisions.
Individuals who procrastinate have the ability to generate significantly more creative content in comparison those who complete their work earlier. Adam Grant, in his TED Talk, describes himself as an individual who typically does the work long before the task is
PMBOK guide defines TM as the “Use of available time and your own productivity along with the appropriate planning and management of the project schedule” highlighting the link between Time Management and productivity and its closely knit relationship to scope and cost areas. Max Wideman presents a wider definition for TM as the “function required to maintain appropriate allocation of time to the overall conduct of the project through the successive stages of its natural life-cycle, by means of the processes of time planning, time estimating, time scheduling, and schedule control.” Ultimately at it’s core however, TM is about time, its planning and control during all stages of the project. A further look into Wideman’s definition of TM by means of identifying its importance throughout the entire project life-cycle (Initiation, planning, execution, controlling and close-out) is required. It is hoped that by analysing how TM tools and techniques can positively and negatively effect the different stages of the Project life cycle a better understanding of productivity, TM and project success will result.