One of the most complex disciplines in Electrical engineering is the Power System
Protection which requires not only the well understanding of the different components of power system and their behaviors but also the good knowledge and analysis of the abnormal circumstances and failures that can occur in any element of power system. Moreover, the rapid changing and development in relays principles as well as in their technologies are additional factors that oblige those people working in the field to expand and update continuously their knowledge. In this paper, we tried to shed light on the evolution of protective relays from the onset of the electrical energy to our days. We tried also to foresee the future prospects and trends in this area.
I. Introduction
Protective relaying is an integral part of any electrical power system. The fundamental objective of system protection is to quickly isolate a problem so that the unaffected portions of a system can continue to function. Protective relays are the decision-making device in the protection scheme [1]. These relay knew, through more than a century, an important change in their functionalities and technologies. Each change brings with their odds and improvement in both technical and financial aspects.
In this paper, we tried to shed light on the evolution of protective relays since the onset of the electrical energy to our days. We tried also to foresee the future prospects and trends in this area.
II. Historical background
Since the early days of the onset of electrical power the need of devices that allow to avoid the undesirable events in power system had been prescribed.
The history of protective relays refers to more than...
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Electricity is an interesting subject. There is so much you can learn from it, like how our lights turn on or how we make cell phones. This is all a mystery until we finally get a little bit of information in our brains. I've just read two articles, "Energy Story" and "Conducting solutions". I also watched a video called Hands-on Science with Squishy circuits. I learned so much valuable information from these resources.
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... be able to communicate your thoughts and ideas in your occupation. You may be under the impression that your employment is “carved in stone” and will never change, nevertheless, everything in your career, as well as life is constantly changing, and you must be able to go with the flow.
Electricity blackout is a shortage of an electric power or long term loss of the electric power in the particular area. Cause for an electricity blackout is in an electricity network, which includes faults at power stations, damage to electric transmission lines, substations or other parts of the distribution system, a short circuit or the overloading of electricity
Electricity and electrical components are a major part of our lives today. Our lives pretty much come to a halt if there is a power outage or if our electrical devices stop working, sometimes we even start panicking because we are so dependent on these components that we cannot afford to lose them and their importance and use only increases as time passes. We all use these electrical devices and also electricity itself but most of us do not think about the math and physics that works behind all of these things.
Technological and accidental hazards can be occur without warning and can be both hazardous material incidents and failures at nuclear power plant. In some cases, victims that have been exposed to harmful chemicals or radiation show little to no symptoms until several years later. There are an increasing number of new substances and chemicals being manufactured which has increased the likelihood of a hazardous material spill or release. This also increases the risk to the environment and to the health and safety of a community.
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The effects of electricity control much of our daily lives. Many of our gadgets and everyday tasks are run by this wonderful source of power. For example without electricity we would not be able to make a cup of coffee in the mourning, or even make a long distance call to family or friends. There have been several technological breakthroughs by many brilliant people throughout history regarding electricity. It has come from being discovered as a small current to being transformed into useful power to run such things as computers. Ben Franklin, Guglielmo Marconi, Thomas Edison, Paul Nipkow, and Charles Babbage have all contributed to the advancement of electricity, and all of their advancements have supplied society in many ways.
...g the Energy Revolution." Foreign Affairs. Nov/Dec 2010: 111. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 21 Nov 2011.
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