Prospero's Relationship With Ariel

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Shakespeare characterizes Prospero as tyrannical and despotic through the use of threatening language in his relationship with Ariel. In act 1 scene 2, Ariel confronts Prospero’s authority when broaching the stipulation that Prospero grant him his freedom, explaining “thou did promise to bate me a full year”. Prospero describes the punishment he will inflict if Ariel persists with these demands, saying “I will rend an oak and peg thee in his knotty entrails till thou has howled away twelve winters”. This vivid imagery reminds Ariel of his torment when imprisoned by the ‘foul witch Sycorax’ for ‘a dozen years’, thus instilling fear and forcing Ariel to mentally relive an arduous past. In this way, Prospero can be construed as being unduly cruel in his treatment of Ariel; his lack of compassion is revealed as he puts Ariel through calculated pain in order to suppress him back into thraldom, and is only kind to Ariel when he is entirely subservient.

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