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Agriculture during world war 2 in america full essay
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During the World War II, the Unites States was suffering a difficult time obtaining the diverse agriculture because of the war. The U.S. government was short in supplying agriculture. The country did not have enough workers to produce their lands. Then on August 4, 1942, the United States and Mexico created the Bracero program to keep American agriculture productive. The Bracero “(Spanish for "arm-man"—manual laborer) program continued uninterrupted until 1964. The agreement guaranteed a minimum wage of thirty cents an hour and humane treatment” such as food and shelter. Of course, for many Mexicans this program was the salvation of poverty because there were many that cannot afford to support their families in Mexico. They were some very …show more content…
However, for Americans the Bracero Program was the opportunity to keep their land producing agriculture, the program has some advantages, but others can look at it as disadvantages (The Bracero Program).
Some of the advantages that the Bracero Program brought were the hiring of illegal workers, financial compensations, living expenses and transportation. The program was able to bring Mexican workers and give to them temporally employment. The owners of the land pay for their work and give to them transportation to and from the farms they were working. In addition, according to “the Debate Over Guest-Worker Programs” the bracero program was directly to rural workers from Mexico and the majority of
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This was during World War II. The translation in Spanish was "arm-man—labor man", as in the United States needed the strong arms of Mexican workers because the country was experiencing a difficult time during the war (bracero Program). Because of the bracero program, many Mexican workers entered into the United States, and change their lives. They could afford to have money to help their families with housing, food, and education for their children. However, in 1964, “ there had been numerous reports that the [workers that participate in the Bracero program] were underpaid, overworked, harassed, and housed in poor living conditions.” So the United States Department of Labor officer in charge of the program called it “legalized slavery” and the Congress terminated the program in 1964 (The Debate over Guest-Worker
At the end of article they describe the pain Joaquín Murieta endured for being a honest and innocent man: “His soul swelled beyond its former boundaries, and the barriers of honor, rocked into atoms by the strong passion which shook his heart like an earthquake, crumbled and fell” (1). At the current time it didn 't matter if you were honest or not with law. If you weren 't white in 1850, you were considered an outsider. Since Joaquín Murieta was Mexican, he was not persecuted because of his transgression but because he was Mexican. The writer wanted to give you an idea of what it felt to be a Mexican and the mistreatment they got from the white
Biles describes each of these programs, their purpose, how they were developed, and how they operated. He then goes into analyzing each of these programs pointing out their strengths and weaknesses and how they affected the economy individually. “For all it did, the New Deal could have done much more” (115). Biles felt that after analyzing these relief programs, they didn’t do nearly enough to boost the economy, supporting his view with the unemployment rate dropping from 19.1% in 1938 to 14.6& in 1940 (226). The programs did help many people but their were also many Americans who received no
Depression; because Roosevelt felt that an action need to be taken about the long hours and starvation wages.Before the FLSA , “it was common for workers to experience cruel work environments.” (Dugger 1) President Roosevelt was handed a message by a girl stating “We have been working in a sewing factory... and up to a few months ago we were getting our minimum pay of $11 a week.... Today the 200 of us girls have been cut down to $4 and $5 and $6 a week.” (Dugger 2). Consequently, Roosevelt worked to pass a legislation that would protect Americas laborers.
focuses on the nationalization of the United States Border Patrol during and after World War II. Due to the perceived threat of emigrants from any nation, Border Patrol resources were amplified and law enforcement personnel was diverted toward the Mexican and United States borderlands. With increased patrol of the borderlands, many Mexican migrants were unable to cross the border for seasonal work. This created a shortage of Mexican labor that United States agri-businessmen could not afford. The Bracero Program would serve as a binational program to manage the cross-border migration of Mexican laborers.
Even the president said, "Something has to be done about the elimination of child labor and long hours and starvation wages" (Roosevelt). People worked to their breaking points and then still not being able to provide for their families. People were paid “starvation wages”, which are wages that are not high enough to pay for necessities (“Merriam-Webster”). Hoovervilles, otherwise known as hobo-camps or squatter-camps, began to arise (“Hoovervilles”). Obviously, extreme poverty and famine were a huge problem. The government got involved. FDR stated, "Do not let any calamity-howling executive with an income of $1,000 a day, ...tell you...that a wage of $11 a week is going to have a disastrous effect on all American industry" (Roosevelt). As a result, the Fair Labor Standards Act went into effect. Moreover, the Fair Labor Standards Act established minimum wage to prevent starvation wages, record keeping to avoid long hours, and regulations on child labor to prevent the labor abuse of children (“Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938”). It also put standards on how much employers had to provide. For example, things such as vacation, sick days, or raises are not required underneath the Fair Labor Standards Act (“Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938”). Through placing regulations on labor practices, the Fair Labor Standards Act helped people begin to have rights in their jobs, therefore making work be little
Mexican agricultural workers had been granted temporary work visas allowing them to work in the United States' agricultural industries through a program called the Bracero Program until 1965 when this program was terminated. As a result of this termination, the unemployment rate had exceeded 70% in certain border cities. In May of 1965 the Border Industrialization Program was established as a replacement for the Bracero program. It was later renamed the Maquiladora Program. The program was established by the Mexican government to provide employment for Mexico's rapidly growing population along its border with the United States. This Program was utilized to keep Mexicans from entering the United States. The idea was that Mexican workers would be kept on the Mexican side of the border if they were given factory jobs on the Mexican side. The Maquiladora program also wanted to attract foreign manufacturing facilities, technology, and know-how by giving a permanent tax holiday to manufacturing companies that would set up "twin plants" on the Mexican side of the border.
Each day more and more immigrants legally or illegally cross the US border in search of
...a significant event for the men and women of Mexico, comprising a large portion of their lives. Many joined the fight in search for a better life, others wanted revenge, and some were running from the law. Together they formed disorganized and unfocused militias where many lost their lives. During the revolution hundreds were forced to leave their homes and belongings in search for a safer place. Families were torn and separated for years at a time, and women were left to support their houses and children. Eventually, the rebels begun to act like the Federalists, by looting, drinking, and at times killing their own men over money related brawls. The men became accustomed to the violent lifestyle, and although they did not know why, they continued to fight without an end in sight.
But this was a hard task. And in less than months ,weeks, days or hours, many Americans were broke. This trouble caused hunger ,crop prices to lower, and little to no education for students. It also created dust ,new laws ,working with what you had, and lots of terror across the US. Many lost their jobs and tried to look for work. But it was very scarce to find. In 1933 the lowest unemployment rate was recorded at 15%.
...Mexico. What happened in the end was that the United States agricultural industry flourished and the land became rich soil under the hard work of the Bracero’s, and Mexicans went home with just about as little as they had to start. Few were able to thrive but many remained poor and endured many hardships. In fact many people consider the Bracero legal slavery. They were discriminated against by many, were not provided with the proper hygienic facilities, and yet they continued to give it their all in fear that they would be sent home. Given that no one really knows what has happened to those three billion dollars, the Mexican government (not the people) may have very well benefited. The Bracero Program benefited the United States long term, possibly the Mexican Government had monetary benefits long term; the Bracero’s, sadly, saw little long term benefits.
The drive to keep jobs out of the hands of Mexicans had the highly undesirable result of forcing many families to depend on welfare to survive. Many Mexicans were forced to leave and rounded up by immigration officials, while others were intimidated by immigration practices and left voluntarily. While some left willingly because of the poor economic outlook, hoping things would be better in Mexico, others were deported even if they had come to the United States legally. One reporter called for an investigation of immigr...
Bladerrama, Francisco E., Raymond Rodriguez. Decade of Betrayal: Mexican Repatriation in the 1930s. Alburquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1995. Galarza, Ernesto. A. Merchants of Labor: The Mexican Bracero Story.
Up until 1931, no organized labor union had ever been recognized by the Mexican government. In fact, unde...
4. Ernesto Galarza, "Life in the United States for Mexican People: Out of the Experience of a Mexican" from Proceedings of the National Conference of Social Work, 56th Annual Session, University of Chicago Press, 1929.
In the early stages of the war the prices of agricultural products increased and the farmers in the U.S enjoyed a 25% greater spending budget. Which was a big positive for those whom were poor farmers giving them a chance to lift themselves out of their poverty stricken state. Everywhere across the United States demands for produce increased like the increase by 30% of hog production and an increase of 18% of hogs ready to be slaughtered. Even with all of these increase in production most experts believed that the war would soon end and farmers did not want to produce to much and have no one to sell the produce to. The war turned a farmer into one of the the most important people in the country. Farming came to be as essential to the country as manufacturing planes, tanks and ammunition . A down side to the production of agricultural goods is that there would later be a lack of farm hands and people to run the farms because all of the farmers sons were being called to support...