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Usefulness of the product lifecycle
Implications and limitations of product life cycle concept
Product life cycle theory
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Recommended: Usefulness of the product lifecycle
Pros of Life Cycle Costing
Consideration of all cost
In life cycle costing, all sorts of cost will be list out, for instance, operating cost, production and implementation cost, maintenance cost and the cost or benefit of the ultimate disposal of the assets at the end of its life (Swaffield & McDonald, 2008). Besides, an overall framework which total incremental costs over the life span of a certain product is also taken into the account (Agarwal, R., n.d.).This helps management to better understand the difference between acquisition cost and operating cost which aids them in finding balance between investment costs and operating expenses (“Benefits of life cycle costing,” n.d.). For example, when one produce or sell a product, the first thing
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For example, when we estimate the cost for repair labor, several factors need to be considerate such as failure rates, average time to repair, and hourly wages. Some of these costs are hard to estimate and even the best possible estimates may subject to error and uncertainty which may in turn affect our decision choice. However, if we try to ignore some of the cost that is not able to estimate, it will leads to more costly error (Eisenberger & Lorden, 1977).
Difficult to obtain product’s useful life length
Product’s life span is one of the critical factors that make life cycle costing works. However, determining the life span of a product is somewhat difficult. For example, if we consider wear out as a determinant of life-length, then estimating the life-length of a new and expensive product would be a problem for the management. Furthermore, the analysis would be more complicated, when obsolescence is taken into account (Eisenberger & Lorden, 1977). Management would not able to know or estimate well whether the product or machine chosen will be still in use after 5, 10, 15 years because as time pass, more and more substitution will be coming out since technology evolves from time to time (Mohd, H.,
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For example, when we determine the maintenance cost, life cycle costing considered that the technician for the machines will always be ready to serve us and the maintenance cost will always be the same. However, unexpected events might strike at any period (Advantages and Disadvantages,” 2016). For instance, the technician might no longer serve our company as the contract has ended, or maintenance cost may change due to future difficulties such as increase of material cost, or the company itself is facing financial problem and is struggling to pay for the fees. Life cycle costing does not consider these unexpected events as part of it, thus, when these events occur, the company might be affected
the company’s part is determined by an estimate of how much money will be lost.
...and the useful life of the machine should be calculated. Then, depending on the method used, the total cost of the machine is considered as a long term asset and depreciated over the life expectancy of the asset.
There will come a time when the car a person owns will need some necessary maintenance, or something breaks and has to be replaced. Labor rates for auto repairs have skyrocketed, with rates averaging from $100-$138 an hour. (Roth, 2011) If a repair is complex enough, that hourly rate may not be a factor, but with some repairs, a person may find that the labor costs are a lot more expensive than the part that is being replaced. I...
In the operating budget, the organization prepares to include the costs of acquisition of items to assist in providing goods and services in more than one fiscal year. In the case of Denison, the organization considers a capital purchase of $500,000 in oncology equipment to better serve their patients. The purchase of the new equipment will be paid immediately, however, the equipment maintains a five-year life span and expected to be used evenly over that life time (Finkler et al., 2013). After the five-year life of the equipment, the value amounts to zero because the capital item charges as an expense on a straight-line depreciation—the cost of asset spread over the useful life (Hui, 2013). The following graph illustrates the depreciation expense of the oncology equipment purchased by Denison Hospital.
What are the symptoms of cost system failure? The system assigns overheads only based on “normal volume, which usually are labor and materials. This lead to distortions cost in the calculation of products cost, and many indirect and support cost, which are not used by products in normal volumes base, are included. Therefore, the system provided inaccurate information, as Sinclair recalled: “we didn’t even know our costs.”
We also focus on product life-cycle of the business goods. The stages the product undergoes from manufacturing packaging until the final stage where it focuses on time, cost and revenue generated. In the initial stage of the product, promotion is done to create awareness of the product. In this juncture profits are not a big concern of the company.
The overall goal of this cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is to determine if purchasing the manufacturing facility, cleaning up the spill, and the income generated from said building will be worth the expenditures. In other words, is the cost and effort going to payoff in the end?
support costs to consider. We will take all such costs into consideration in the models we
It was the year 1987 when the Gartner Group popularized the form of full cost accounting named Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)(author, Gartner Total Cost of Ownership). Originally TCO was mainly used in the IT business sector. This changed in the 1980’s when it became clear to many organizations that there is a distinct difference between purchase price and full costs of a products ownership. This brings us towards the main strength of conducting a TCO analysis, besides taking the purchase costs into account, which consist of the amount a money an organization pays for the required service, product or capital outlay. It also considers 1. Acquisition costs; these can consist of sourcing, administration, freight, and taxes. 2. Usage costs, which consists of the costs associated with converting the given product or service into a finished product. And finally 3. End of life cycle costs; the costs or profits incurred when disposing of a product. TCO can be seen as a form of full cost accounting; it systematically collects and presents all the data for each proposed alternative.
Since more than 40 years, Toyota Company was thinking how to develop the traditional process costing system and the production system. Some of the companies believe that the increasing of the production is a big profit, while Toyota proved the opposite. The more you increase the products out of the need of the market, the more losses you are going to gain. This kin...
Besides, an organisation can adopt a technique of activity-based costing (ABC) as an approach to support its sustainability objectives. ABC system is a technique of assigning overhead costs to products and services by identifying the cost drivers. ABC technique will first identify each activity cost that is involved in the process of production, then assign the cost to each product and service on the basis of each activity consumption in the production of each product and service (Drury, 2012, p. 253). ABC system is an effective method to account for costs of products and services. This is because ABC system allocates indirect costs based on a cause-and-effect relationship (Drury, 2012, p. 269). ABC system allocates overhead costs to cost
Activity-based costing (ABC) is a costing method that is designed to provide managers with cost information for strategic and other decisions that potentially affect capacity and therefore “fixed” as well as variable costs. Activity-based costing is mostly used for internal decision making and managing activities while traditional costing method is used to provide data for external financial reports. Most organization uses activity-based costing as an addition system for using traditional absorption costing as sometimes the traditional cost system misleads the product’s profitability. In a company, there are many products on sale, if one product is sold at a high price with low product margin and a product with high product margin at a low price, it may result in a loss. In addition, due to the reason that cost drivers and enterprises business may change, activity-based costing analysis also needs to be revised periodically. This amendment should be prompted to change pricing, product, customer focus and market share strategy to improve corporate profitability.
The second way is to achieve low direct and indirect operating costs is gained by offering high volumes of standard products and offering basic no-frills products. Production costs are kept low by using less parts and using standard components. Limiting the number of models produced to ensure larger producti...
The overall purpose of cost accounting is to advise top administration and the management team on the most suitable and cost effective methods and actions to employ based on cost, capability and efficiencies of a given product or service. It can be defined as the method where all the expenditures used during execution of business activities are gathered, categorized, examined and noted down (Horngren & Srikant, 2000). Once these numbers are gathered and recorded the information is used to determine a selling price and/or to identify possible investment opportunities. Although the principal aim or function of cost accounting is to help the business administration with their decision making and business planning process, the cost accounting data
A Product Life Cycle can vary due to various marketplace product or service offerings. Maturity length of time may vary because the end consumer was not prepared to accept the new offerings. Faster maturity breakthroughs can be a direct result of certain production service breakthroughs that usually get accepted quite quickly. Decline of a product or service can be the result of a customer interest and then disinterest. When a product or service does not extend its growth, it can be because the product or service has lost its usefulness. In conclusion, The Product Life Cycle can be used as a marketers planning tool to create portfolio planning, strategy formations, as well as future forecasting. One must never to marketplace, and competition. (Fortenberry, J. L.,