A Prokaryote is a single cell organisms that does not have a nucleus, which is divided into two major groups: archaeabacteria and bacteria. Prokaryotes are usually found in three common structures, such as bacillus is rod shaped, crocus is spherical-shaped, and spirillum is long shape. Although there are prokaryotes that are responsible for diseases there are also good types of bacteria that we need. Prokaryotes provide essential services to biological systems for instance food and agriculture.
In certain foods there are good bacteria or probiotics that are needed. They help boost your immune system and also helps protect against bad bacteria. The different types of foods that contains good types of bacteria are: Yogurts which is fermented dairy products and contains live bacterial cultures, Buttermilk is produced by fermentation as lactic acid bacteria, and also different types of cheese, but only aged cheese have live cultural bacteria. Furthermore, prokaryotes help in the production of sour cream, pickles, olives, vinegar and sourdough bread. Why, because prokaryotes are useful to some food production by converting textures, providing flavors, manufacturing ethanol, and protection from unwanted microbes known as food preservation. Food preservation is a method that is projected to keep microorganisms out of foods, removing microorganisms from contaminated foods, and obstruct the growth and activity of microorganisms already in foods. Also, bacteria breakdown proteins and fats into a complex mix of amino acids amines, and fatty acids, which lead to processing altars, the food product.
Fermentation is a form of chemical transformation of organic substances that breaks down simple compounds by exploiting the enzymes with compl...
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...rate the Haber process to produce ammonium.
Biotechnology is the request of scientific techniques that help alter and improve plants, animals, and microor¬ganisms to enhance their value. Agricultural biotech¬nology deals with biotechnology that is involved with applica¬tions to agriculture. It helps with the intensification of crop productivity by introducing such advantages as disease that are resistant and have an increase in deficiency tolerance to the crops. So now, research¬ers are able to select genes for disease resistance from other types of species and transfer them to important crops.
Prokaryotes affect us in our daily lives, other then food production with out bacteria we would not be able to test against human immunity. They also play roles in oxygen atmosphere, human digestion, and waste broken down
There are many different cells that do many different things. But all of these cells fall into two categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and are larger in size than prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus, are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. Two of their similarities are they both have DNA as their genetic material and are covered by a cell membrane.
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. The chromosomes which are found in prokaryotes are usually spread in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells the chromosomes remain together inside the nucleus and there is a clear nuclear membrane that is surrounding the nucleus.
Eukaryotic microorganisms can be defined as organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed in membranes. It is said that all multicellular organisms are eukaryotes which mostly comprises of animals, plants, and fungi. They are known to be much larger than prokaryotes which contain no nucleus because they are multinucleated organisms. Eukaryotes were said to have developed about 1.6 – 2.1 billion years ago. But that is only an approximation. We would not be here if eukaryotic microorganisms did not exist. These organisms tend to share a common origin and could be treated as a super kingdom, empire, or domain. Lastly, many unicellular organisms are also eukaryotes e.g protozoa. The types of eukaryotes are algae, yeast, fungi and protozoan.
Both prokaryotes and protists have negative and positive impacts on humans. Prokaryotes and protists are both used in a variety of ways by humans today. They can affect humans in the way of disease, which can be deadly, but also help humans with environmental issues too. Also, both provide food sources for humans which are beneficial.
Probiotics are good live bacteria and yeast that are beneficial to the body. The microorganisms are available in some foods and dietary supplements. Probiotics work in the same manner as the probiotics that live naturally in the gut. The three main sources of probiotics in the body are; naturally existing probiotics in the intestines, supplements and foods. The naturally existing probiotics in the intestines include Saccharomyces boulardii and Bifobacterium and Lactobacillus family of microorganisms. Another bacterium called Lactoacidophilus is found in certain types of yoghurt.
Bacterial cells, like plant cells, are surrounded by a cell wall. However, bacterial cell walls are made up of polysaccharide chains linked to amino acids, while plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, which contains no amino acids. Many bacteria secrete a slimy capsule around the outside of the cell wall. The capsule provides additional protection for the cell. Many of the bacteria that cause diseases in animals are surrounded by a capsule. The capsule prevents the white blood cells and antibodies from destroying the invading bacterium. Inside the capsule and the cell wall is the cell membrane. In aerobic bacteria, the reactions of cellular respiration take place on fingerlike infoldings of the cell membrane. Ribosomes are scattered throughout the cytoplasm, and the DNA is generally found in the center of the cell. Many bacilli and spirilla have flagella, which are used for locomotion in water. A few types of bacteria that lack flagella move by gliding on a surface. However, the mechanism of this gliding motion is unknown. Most bacteria are aerobic, they require free oxygen to carry on cellular respiration. Some bacteria, called facultatibe anaerobes can live in either the presence or absence of free oxygen. They obtain energy either by aerobic respiration when oxygen is present or by fermentation when oxygen is absent. Still other bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen. These are called obligate anaerobes. Such bacteria obtain energy only fermentation. Through fermentation, different groups of bacteria produce a wide variety of organic compounds. Besides ethyl alcohol and lactic acid, bacterial fermentation can produce acetic acid, acetone, butyl alcohol, glycol, butyric acid, propionic acid, and methane, the main component of natural gas. Most bacteria are heterotrophic bacteria are either saprophytes or parasites. Saprophytes feed on the remains of dead plants and animals, and ordinarily do not cause disease. They release digestive enzymes onto the organic matter. The enzymes breakdown the large food molecules into smaller molecules, which are absorbed by the bacterial cells. Parasites live on or in living organisms, and may cause disease. A few types of bacteria are Autotrophic, they can synthesize the organic nutrients they require from inorganic substances. Autotrophic bacteria are either photosynthetic or Chemosynthetic. The photosynthetic bacteria contain chlorophyll that are different from the plant chlorophyll. In bacterial photosynthesis, hydrogen is obtained by the splitting of compounds other than water.
Prokaryotic cells are type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles (Campbell, 2009). Archaea cells do not have a nucleus or other organelles therefore they are classified as prokaryotic cells.
Microbes are major key components in both are homes and industrial food preparation. There are number of lactic acid which is a form of bacteria which is a large group of beneficial bacteria used in certain foods while they are getting prepared such as yogurt, cheese, sour cream, butter milk and other type of fermented milk products. Things such as vinegars are produced by bacterial acetic acid fermentation. Yeast is also major use in the making of beer and wine and also for the leaving of breads. This also involves fermentations to convert corn and other vegetable carbohydrates to also make beer, wine or gasohol but also bacteria is the agents of are other foods. Other fermented foods will include things such as soy sauce, olives and cocoa. (Microbes and human life, 2013) Single cell proteins are known as dried cells of microbes which are used in protein supplement shacks. They are also called “novel food” and “minifood”. The production of this requires micro-organisms which then serve as the protein source and then the substrate which is biomass which they grow on them. There are a number of both these sources that we are able to use for the production of single cell protein (SCP). The micro-organisms used belong to the following groups of Algae, Fungi and bacteria. (Slide Share, 2012)
Prescott, Harley & Klein (1990) describe bacteria as prokaryotic cells (cells that lack a true membrane enclosed nucleus). Bacteria are both small and simple in structure; they usually are between o.5 and 5cmm yet they have many characteristic shapes and sizes. Some bacteria are circular or oval shaped, they are known as cocci bacteria. Other bacteria are rod-shaped, they are known as bacilli bacteria, and some bacteria are spiral and coil-shaped and it is know as spirilla bacteria.
Prokaryotic organisms are essential to our lives now, directly or indirectly. They are used as genetic donors to create fruits and vegetables that increase yield and are the mechanism used to clean up various environmental hazards and make energy sources more efficient and readily available. Though these organisms are used in different ways, similar concerns apply to each, showing that there are still many obstacles to overcome for various types of engineers in the future.
Today we recognize two types of cells in science, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A prokaryotic cell is one that lacks all membrane-enclosed organelles, including a nucleus, whereas a eukaryotic cell has a a multitude of different organelles, all with different functions (Urry et al. 2014). Prokaryotes are single cellular organisms that consist of a one prokaryotic cell, and include bacteria and archaea. There are many different types of these specific cells though, with many different formations. Three examples of this are coccus, spirillum, and bacillus. These are the three most common forms of prokaryotes that we know of today (Urry et al. 2014).
Prokaryotes include several kinds of microorganisms, such as bacteria and cyanobacteria. Eukaryotes include microorganisms as fungi, protozoa, and simple algae. Virus cells often consist of just a nucleic acid either DNA or RNA in a protein capsule. Viruses are considered neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes because they lack the characteristics of living things, except the ability to replicate (which they accomplish only in living cells).
If certain types of bad bacteria were growing in your home and scientists knew how to keep that bacteria from spreading quickly, it could help people with serious health conditions. B. Background Information When you hear the word bacteria, the first thing that might come to mind is a germ. Although there can be many harmful types of bacteria, it is an essential part of life. Bacterium is all over the world and can be found in anything. Bacterium is one of the earliest life forms on Earth, and it plays a big role in how the Earth was developed.
Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use to benefit the lives of humans or other organisms, in bettering their lives. (Essays, UK. (November 2013). Can Genetic Engineering Be Regarded As Biotechnology Biology?. April 2014, http://www.ukessays.com/essays/biology/can-genetic-engineering-be-regarded-as-biotechnology-biology-essay.php?cref=1)
Genetic engineering increases the agricultural economy, the yields of agricultural produce, and also causes negative effects on the ecosystem. Genetic engineering enhances plant resistance to drought, salinity, disease, pests and herbicides. The aim is to try and enhance the growth, productivity, nutrient value, and chemical composition of the plants. Chemicals are constantly being developed or improved to enhance the competitiveness and adaptability of crops, and to kill the parasites and weeds that plague the agricultural sector. . This however is not always good as the plant and the pests then become resistant to these new chemicals, defeating the purpose of it being used.