Primary Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension This condition is close to me because I have the early signs of Primary Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PPAH) and I have family members that have died or currently have this condition. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive disorder characterized by high blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, the blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs. Pulmonary arterial hypertension occurs when increased pressure cannot fully overcome the elevated resistance and blood flow to the body is insufficient. To overcome the pressure that increases in the pulmonary artery and in the heart chamber that pumps blood into the right ventricle. Treatments for PPH focus on symptoms and include several …show more content…
The BMPR2 gene plays a role in regulating the number of cells in certain tissues. Researchers suggest that a mutation in this gene promotes cell division or prevents cell death, resulting in an overgrowth of cells in small arteries throughout the lungs. As a result, these arteries narrow in diameter, which increases the resistance to blood flow. Blood pressure in the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle of the heart increases to overcome the increased resistance to blood flow. Other genes that have not yet been identified may also cause pulmonary arterial hypertension. In people with a BMPR2 gene mutation, other genes or environmental factors may contribute to the development of this disorder. (BMPR2 gene. (2007, January …show more content…
Even when the disease has progressed, the signs and symptoms may very similar to other conditions that affect the heart and the lungs. To determine if you have pulmonary hypertension, your doctor may recommend one or several tests that help rule out other disorders that could be causing your symptoms. Your doctor will diagnose Primary Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PPAH) based on your medical and family history, a physical exam, results from tests and procedures the tests and procedures also will help your doctor determine the cause of your PPH, and its severity. (INFORMATION SUPPORT HOPE) Some of these tests may include Echocardiography, Chest X ray, EKG, Right heart catheterization (use of a special device that the doctor threads through a vein into the heart and arteries of the lungs to measure pressure in the arteries and test how well the heart is pumping), Pulmonary function tests, and Exercise testing. (Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. (2014, January 1)) “The doctors had to do a right catheterization and echocardiography on me to find out if I had Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. Because doing the EKG and Chest X rays are not accurate in my opioion. ” (personal communication, August 26, 2014)
Primary Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PPAH) has no cure, but treatments may help relieve symptoms and slow the progress of the disease. Treatment will depend
Both tests are very useful for assessing the pulmonary and cardiac system health of the individual being examined. This involves examining the individual’s response to the test by assessing their BP, HR, oxygen intake abilities, and using this information to infer whether they have some type of internal impairment. This includes
Dr. Ally, a 49-year-old professor, has been diagnosed with essential hypertension 12 years ago and was on antihypertensive drugs. However, he did not take his medications last year because he was feeling just fine. In addition, he was very busy with work. Nevertheless, he felt tired after work and developed dyspnea while climbing the stairs. Recently, he had a bout of epistaxis (severe nose bleed) with dizziness and blurred vision. He went to the doctor for a check up. His blood pressure was 180/110, and the doctor found rales or crackles on his chest upon auscultation. The doctor ordered rest and asked him to start his medication again.
Blood pressure is measured by two pressures; the systolic and diastolic. The systolic pressure, the top number, is the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts. The diastolic pressure, the bottom number, measures the pressure between heartbeats. A normal blood pressure is when the systolic pressure is less than 120mmHg and Diastolic pressure is less than 80mmHg. Hypertension is diagnosed when the systolic pressure is greater than 140mmHg and the diastolic pressure is greater than 90mmHg. The physician may also ask about medical history, family history, life style habits, and medication use that could also contribute to hypertension
• Hypertension: Hypertension is an abnormal increase in the systolic,diastolic or mean arterial pressure, or all three. This is due to increased arterial stiffness and can be monitored using PWA
Anomalous systemic arterial supply to the lungs has been extensively described in association with other congenital abnormalities such as bronchopulmonary sequestration and hypogenetic lung syndrome (scimitar syndrome). In 1946, Pryce introduced the term ‘sequestration’ to describe congenital abnormalities characterised by an anomalous systemic arterial supply to the lung and atresia or hypoplasia of the pulmonary artery. Sequestration was defined by Pryce as a “disconnected (dislocated, ectopic) bronchopulmonary mass or cyst with an anomalous systemic blood supply”.
For example, heart and lung transplants. This is a solution if a patient’s hole in the heart cannot be healed or helped with another form treatment. Several different targeted therapies have been done to improve health of ES patients. Disease-targeting therapies have proven to be successful in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (IPAH) and have been analyzed to in their effectiveness against ES. Prostanoid therapy in patients with ES has also shown the possibility that therapy may improve oxygen saturation, exercise capacity, and even shows a decrease Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR). This is backed by a study with eight patients that have ES, these results were after 3 months of therapy. Another study is being done in a method called Vasodilator therapy. In these case studies, a drug name prostacyclin improved hemodynamics sufficiently enough to ensure ES patients for surgery to repair the cardiac lesion. Other studies have shown that Phosphodiesterase Type-5 Inhibitors, were used in patients with ES. In these studies, observation over a six-month period allowed the researchers to see improvements in oxygen saturation and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics (Beghetti and Galiè, 2009). Research from these studies is also being combined with different medical treatment to target therapies and is it possible to reverse pulmonary vascular
Client Profile: Lane Bronson is a 55 year old male with a history of angina, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, COPD, and sleep apnea. He comes to the physican’s office complaining of worsening shortness of breath. His skin tone is grey, and his angina is worsening. Previously stable, he now does not get relief from rest or nitroglycerin. The physician called 911 and had Mr. Bronson directly admitted to the hospital.
According to “Heart Disease and Marfan Syndrome” (n.d.), if the disease is suspected, the doctor will perform a physical exam of the eyes, heart and blood vessels, and muscle and skeletal system. After, a history of symptoms and information about family members will be obtained to determine if you have it. A chest x-ray, an electrocardiogram, and an echocardiogram can also be used to evaluate the heart and blood vessels to detect heart rhythm problems. A transesophageal echocardiogram may also be used, along with an MRI, CT scan, or a slit lamp eye exam to check for dislocated lenses. The various symptoms of Marfan syndrome allow doctors to diagnose the condition and provide treatments that can help the
High blood pressure is called the “silent killer” because it often has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people don’t know they have it. For most patients, high blood pressure is found when they visit their health care provider or have it checked elsewhere. Because there are no symptoms, people can develop heart disease and kidney problems without knowing they have high blood pressure. Some people may experience: bad headache, mild dizziness, and blurry vision. Traditionally, diagnosis of high blood pressure (BP) has relied on consecutive checks of clinic BP over a 2 to 3 month period, with hypertension confirmed if BP remains persistently raised over 140/90 mmHg. This method of diagnosis has significant limitations because the BP measured for an individual patient in a clinic setting may not reflect their BP in day-to-day life. The main concern is that as a result of the “white coat syndrome”, hypertension may be over-diagnosed when checked in the clinic setting; resulting ...
Coronary heart disease is defined by the hardening of the epicardial coronary arteries. The buildup of plaque in the arteries slowly narrows the coronary artery lumen. In order to better understand the physiology of the disease, it is important to first know the basic anatomy of the human heart. The aorta, located in the superior region of the heart, branches off into two main coronary blood vessels, otherwise known as arteries. The arteries are located on the left and right side of the heart and span its surface. They subsequently branch off into smaller arteries which supply oxygen-rich blood to the entire heart (Texas Heart Institute, 2013). Therefore, the narrowing of these arteries due to plaque buildup significantly impairs blood flow throughout the heart.
Hypertension is deadly and it is a silent killer, if not detected on time, it can cause severe complications to major organs in the body.
My case study encompasses pulmonary embolism and a saddle pulmonary embolism. The patient I chose was a female who had just given birth with no complications during labor, but developed a pulmonary embolism that later on was confirmed to be a saddle pulmonary embolism. Not known to me before this clinical study pulmonary embolism is a leading cause of death among pregnant women in the developed world. A pulmonary embolism is a sudden blockage in a lung artery. The blockage is usually by a blood clot that travels to the lung from the vein in the leg. A clot that forms in one part of the body and travels in the bloodstream to another part of the body is called and embolus (NAT13). Pulmonary embolism is a serious condition that can damage your lung due to lack of blood flow to your lung tissue, which can lead to pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension is increased pressures in the pulmonary artery. PE can also cause low oxygen levels in your blood and damage other organs in your body because of a lack of oxygen. If a blood clot is very large it can cause death. A pulmonary embolism can also be called a venous thromboembolism.
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent disorders in the US, affecting about 1 in 3 adults. Since uncontrolled blood pressure has been linked to consequences such as stroke, congestive heart failure, and chronic kidney disease, it poses considerable risk for a significant portion of the population. According to the American Heart Association, hypertension was responsible for 46,284,000 ambulatory care visits in 2007; and it is estimated that this condition will be either directly or indirectly responsible for $76.6 billion in health care costs in 2010.9 The morbidity and mortality associated with uncontrolled hypertension make initiatives to improve the quality of care in this area important in any outpatient practice.
The causes of Pulmonary Fibrosis vary from a patient’s occupation to their medical conditions. Pulmonary Fibrosis is caused by environmental factors along with genetic factors. Genetics plays a role in the contraction by determining a person’s vulnerability. A person being in an environment with asbestos fibers, silica dust, grain dust, and bird or animal droppings is at risk for this disease. Patients who also have gone through radiation could be at risk depending on how much the lung was exposed and how long it was exposed to the radiation. Medications can also factor in to the cause of the disease. Chemotherapy drugs, heart medications, and some antibiotics have been linked to Pulmonary Fibrosis. A patient’s previous medical conditions can aid in the formation of this disease such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, scleroderma, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Some other known causes are smoking and lung infection.
Once a person has produced numbers equivalent to high blood pressure it is necessary to get medical advice from a doctor. High blood pressure (HBP), also known as hypertension, is a consistently high force of blood pushing against the artery walls. As the heart beats, pressure is created to force blood throughout the blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries (in-text citation). When an individual develops hypertension is causes the heart and blood vessels to work even harder to get blood flowing throughout the body. LDL (bad) cholesterol forms plaque along tiny tears in the artery walls. As the plaque builds up it makes the inside of the artery walls smaller, allowing less blood to move through the walls which causes the blood pressure numbers to rise (in-text citation). Blood pressure numbers can be low or higher depending on the person’s lifestyle, however, people should constantly have updated results of their