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Mockingbirds in to kill a mockingbird
To kill a mockingbird impact on the civil rights movement
The racism in maycomb
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To Kill a Mockingbird is filled with characters who have Maycomb’s usual disease: racism, prejudice, and gossip. The few people who haven't caught the very contagious opinions are the ones affected by it as well as Atticus, Scout, and Jem. The portion of this community without the infection is a minority, and can be symbolized as mockingbirds because they are innocent and have a clear conscience. Maycomb’s usual disease is possessed in almost all of its citizens, and is responsible for killing the small amount of mockingbirds left in the town, who may suffer from severe isolation and/or false conviction and death. This has been partially cured with time and protest to create a society with better morals, however, the new opinions have …show more content…
This meant that an epidemic of unrightful thoughts, as well as acts of superiority, filled the south, specifically Maycomb County. The plague was first mentioned when Uncle Jack and Atticus are talking about the trial after Scout begins to get heat from others about her father. Atticus expresses his opinions on it: “I hope and pray I can get Jem and Scout through it without bitterness, and most of all, without catching Maycomb’s usual disease… reasonable people go stark raving mad when anything involving a Negro comes up.” (Lee 117) When he says this he is saying that logical and fair-minded people go crazy when a black person comes into the picture, and that he hopes that Jem and Scout do not catch on. In the novel, this illness is found in almost all of its citizens excluding a small minority of the town who can be …show more content…
A cure may not even be possible for this as there is no way to force people to have opinions without violating their given rights. Time, as well as activism, has greatly assisted many in realizing that there is no difference between people of different races. To Kill a Mockingbird took place in the 1930s. Ten years following, starting in the 1950s, a period of African-American Civil Rights Movements took place with the institution of many passionate “mockingbirds,” but the fight took time. The first major mark in fighting against the disease was when racial segregation was declared unconstitutional by the U.S Supreme Court. However, many would not accept the fact that this was a plague, and as a result was resistance. In 1955, Martin Luther King Jr. was elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association, which was a group that consisted of activists. For example, this group ran a year-long boycott against the segregated transportation system, which resulted in the Supreme Court ruling segregated transportation unconstitutional in the Gayle vs. Browder case (1956). Congress then passes the Civil Rights Act of 1957. This established the Federal Civil Rights Commission, a Civil Rights part of the Justice System, and allowed for a federal prosecutor to object with any interference
In the town of Maycomb, a man who stands up against racism forever changes people’s views on racism. Scout, Jem and Atticus Finch all stand together against racism and prejudice in the tiny town of Maycomb. In To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, in the town of Maycomb, prejudice is a disease, but Jem, Scout, and Dill are immune to this illness because of the people who raise them. For example, when Cecil and Francis told Scout that Atticus was a disgrace to defend Tom Robinson, even though Francis is Scout’s cousin. When Scout and Jem hear the verdict of Tom’s case, they both cry and are angry about the sentence while the rest of the town is ecstatic.
The lack of knowledge in Maycomb about the outside world and their opinions about black people ingrains ‘Maycomb’s usual disease’ into their minds as they have no other opinions about black people. This is shown by the crowd’s outrage as they gather to lynch Tom, not knowing that he was innocent, but blinded by their pre-conceived ideas about black people, thinking that Tom obviously did it as he was black. Their prejudice and ignorance blinded them to the fact that the Ewell’s had manipulated him to their own benefit. Also, this prejudice causes the people who are prejudiced to be as prejudiced towards people who are not. This is shown by Mrs Dubose’s statement to Jem, “Your fathers no better than the niggers and trash he works for.” This shows that Atticus and his family are put on a lower level than normal citizens.
This boycott ended up costing the bus company more than $250,000 in revenue. The bus boycott in Montgomery made King a symbol of racial justice overnight. This boycott helped organize others in Birmingham, Mobile, and Tallahassee. During the 1940s and 1950s the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) won a series of cases that helped put it ahead in the civil rights movement. One of these advancements was achieved in 1944, when the United States Supreme Court banned all-white primaries.
Scout's perception of prejudice is evolved through countless experiences in Harper Lee's, To Kill a Mockingbird. Written in the nineteen thirties, To Kill a Mockingbird promotes the understanding of self-discovery through Scout, an intelligent and outspoken child living with respectable family in Maycomb County, Alabama. Throughout various encounters in the novel, Harper Lee causes Scout's perspective to change and develop from innocence to awareness and eventually towards understanding.
(3) Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955): After the supreme court decided to end segregation, African Americans started to speak out more about their racial opinions. In Montgomery, Alabama, a bus boycott ended with a victory for the African Americans. The Supreme Court ruled that the Alabama segregation laws were unconstitutional. During the boycott a young African American Baptist minister, Martin Luther King, Jr. became well known. Throughout the long contest he advised African Americans to avoid violence no matter had badly provoked by whites. Rosa Parks tired of sitting in the back of the bus, and giving up her seat to white men. One weary day she refused to move from the front of the bus, and she became one of history's heroes in the Civil Rights Act movement.
Hypocrisy is as much a part of Maycomb’s society as church and community spirit. For example, Mrs. Merriweather talks about saving the poor Mruans from Africa, but she thinks black people in her community are a disgrace (p.234). The hypocrisy of this teaching is shown as soon as she mentions the word ‘persecution’. This is due to the fact that she herself is persecuting the black people of Maycomb by not raising an eyebrow at the killing of innocent black men. Furthermore, it is obvious Bob Ewell is abusive to his daughter, Mayella, and that he is the one who violated her, not Tom Robinson (p.178). Since there is such hypocrisy in Maycomb, there are excuses made for whites. The jury probably thinks that if they pronounce Tom innocent the citizens will mock them as they do to Atticus. Harper Lee uses hypocrisy to show how the people of Maycomb are so engulfed in a variety of elements that they unknowingly complete acts of unjustified discrimination.
1943: Race riots in Detroit and Harlem cause black leaders to ask their followers to be less demanding in asserting their commitment to civil rights; A. Philip Randolph breaks ranks to call for civil disobedience against Jim Crow schools and railroads. 1946: The Supreme Court, in Morgan v. The Commonwealth of Virginia, rules that state laws requiring racial segregation on buses violates the Constitution when applied to interstate passengers.
The town of Maycomb, filled with racist views which exposes the kids to the racist views of close friends such as Dill Harris, family members such as Aunt Alexandra, and neighbors such as Mrs.Dubose. Limited to so much time with the kids, Atticus tries his best to equip Scout and Jem with the ability to look past the disease, by having Scout and Jem look past, “Maycomb's usual disease” increases their father's attempt to persuade anyone's views to racial equality.
Parks was immediately arrested, which sparked “…a yearlong bus boycott, [which was] the beginning of the mass phase of the civil rights movement in the South” (Foner 954). Her arrest resulted in the meeting of hundreds of blacks, all of which gathered in local churches, who called for a boycott. After “…381 days” (Foner 955) of blacks choosing to walk to their destinations rather than ride the bus, the boycott ended and in November of 1956, the Supreme Court called for the end of segregation on public transportation, deeming it as unconstitutional. During the Montgomery bus boycott, the Civil Rights Movement also witnesses the rise of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and the pastor soon became the face of the movement. King used Christian values and beliefs in his calls for action, stressing that no violence must be used. He quickly became an influential figure, for he “…presented the case for black rights in a vocabulary that merged the black experience with that of the nation” (Foner 956). He called for a Christian movement, which “…resonated deeply in both black communities and the broader culture” (Foner 956), and became an important leader of the Civil Rights Movement during the 1950s. Overall, the 1950s led to the growing momentum of the Civil Rights Movement in the due
Prejudice is arguably the most prominent theme of the novel. It is directed towards groups and individuals in the Maycomb community. Prejudice is linked with ideas of fear superstition and injustice.
The first “mockingbird” that is featured in the novel is a man named Atticus Finch. Not only is Atticus Finch the sole representative of Maycomb in the legislature, but also he is a brilliant lawyer. In addition, he has a good reputation in both Maycomb’s black and white communities because of his exceptional character. However, his reputation is soon shattered when he is faced with a case in court that affects him personally: he must defend an African American man in court in Maycomb’s segregated society. If Atticus chooses to try defending the man, he will lose his good status in town, since his racist American neighbors will soon disrespect him for treating the African Americans as equal to the Americans, which is highly unacceptable in the United States during the 1930s. However, Atticus still accepted the case believing that if he does not, he w...
In 1954, the landmark trial Brown vs. The Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, ruled that segregation in public education was unfair. This unanimous Supreme Court decision overturned the prior Plessy vs. Ferguson case, during which the “separate but equal” doctrine was created and abused. One year later, Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. launched a bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama after Ms. Parks was arrested for not giving up her seat in the “colored section”. This boycott, which lasted more than a year, led to the desegregation of buses in 1956. Group efforts greatly contributed to the success of the movement.
In this world, everyone has an equal right; however, many people are getting falsely accused of acts they did not commit even though they are innocent. Mockingbirds, one of the most innocent birds, sing their heart out for people to enjoy, however, they getting killed every day. In this novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, there are many racial prejudices going on. Finches stand near the top of the social hierarchy, with Cunningham and Ewells underneath. Black community in Maycomb is even below the Ewells, even if they were a hard worker; they were not treated equally. The “mockingbirds” represents the idea of innocence, so killing a mockingbird is to destroy innocence. Throughout the book, many characters are considered a mockingbird. Three examples are Tom Robinson, Boo Radley, and Mr. Dolphus Raymond. Those three characters are innocent; they are kind and were never harmful to others. However, they were destroyed through contact of evil. In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, the mockingbirds symbolizes the idea of innocence, and Tom, Boo, and Mr. Raymond are considered one of it.
"Prejudices, it is well known, are most difficult to eradicate from the heart whose soil has never been loosened or fertilized by education; they grow there, firm as weeds among stones"- Charlotte Brontë. Nearly every problem and unfortunate mishap in Harper Lee's, To Kill A Mockingbird, has been somehow revolved around prejudice or discrimination. Many different forms of prejudice are found throughout the novel, with racism, sexism, and classicism the most common. The residents of Maycomb have discrimination running through their veins and were raised to be racist and sexist, without realizing. They see nothing wrong with judging other people and treating people that they find inferior harshly. Prejudice is a destructive force because it separates the people of Maycomb, both physically and mentally.
In the 1960’s segregation which was later on known as, “Separate but equal” played a major role in the everyday life of an African American. African Americans turned to the courts to help protect their constitutional rights. But the courts did not rule in the African Americans favor. Instead the jury and the courts decided on a series of decisions that permitted states have to segregate people of color. African Americans were not allowed to have the same rights as whites; they did not have the same education privileges and they had no choice but to sit on the back of the public bus and more they also were obligated to give up those seats to white riders if the front of the bus was filled up.