Minority ethnic communities are more vulnerable to public health disasters because of economic disadvantages, cultural differences and limited resources.The article being reviewed is titled, “Using the Precaution Adoption Process Model to Describe a Disaster Preparedness Intervention Among Low-income Latinos” (2014). The target population of the study is low-income Latino communities in Los Angeles County where 187 participants that were chosen by respondent- driven sampling. The participants were recruited by a sample of seven people called “seeds,” who were at least 18 years old and had emigrated from South or Central America and lived in Los Angeles to represent the types of people to be recruited in the study. These seeds came from a diverse set of countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. In addition, the purpose of the study was to create an intervention that explains disaster preparedness within low-income Latino communities. They wanted to provide health education and training to encourage household members to learn about disasters and disaster …show more content…
preparedness to increase disaster supplies for the household, and create a disaster communication plan for their families. Additionally, the precaution adoption process model was measured by dividing the participants into two groups to test two different experimental conditions. They were divided into a high-intensity group and a low-intensity group. The high intensity group participated in a discussion lasting an hour about household level disaster preparedness called “platica” (or discussion group) led by community health workers from promotoras de salud. The group meetings were held once a week for the period of a month. In addition, the low-intensity group received mailed, printed materials such as pamphlets, a laminated shopping card, and six pre printed cards for disaster communication planning with instructions on how to fill it out in both English and Spanish. These mailing packages were mailed out twice to the group. Moreover, each respondent participated in two telephone surveys; one at baseline and the second one three months after the intervention. For the study, the researchers placed the participants into stages of decision making about household disaster preparedness by asking them three questions used for assessing the Precaution Adoption Process. The first question they were asked was “Have you heard about a family communication plan/or disaster kit?” If they answered no, they were considered to be in the first stage of decision making which is being unaware of preparedness. The second question they were asked if they answered yes to the first question was “Does your family have a family communication plan/ or disaster kit?” This would be considered the second stage of decision making where they are aware of preparedness but not engaged in a communication plan or disaster kit yet. The last question they were asked was “Which of the following best describe your thoughts about family communication plan/ or disaster kit?” with four response categories including “I've never thought about it,” “ I am undecided,” “I have decided I don’t want it,” and “I have decided I do want it.” This determined if the respondent was in the third stage of being engaged, and trying to decide what to do or the fourth stage of deciding not to act. Originally, the respondents were put into the seven stages of decision making based on their decision. However none of the respondents were in the 4th stage of deciding not to want a communication plan or disaster kit, therefore a new version of the seven stages was created. The new version has four stages instead of seven. The first stage consists of the original first through fourth stages of unaware through engaged but undecided. Then it continues to the fifth stage of having decided to have a communication plan or disaster kit, but have not started yet, the sixth stage of started creating a plan or disaster kit, but not completed it (acting), and lastly the seventh stage of having made a communication plan or kit and maintaining the new behavior. Overall, the results of the study showed an increase of people being aware of the issue to actually creating a communication plan or disaster kit and maintaining them.
In addition, the strength of using the Precaution Adoption Process Model is being able to place individuals in specific stages to help them make a decision and move forward to the next stage. The constructs of this model also led to increased preparedness among household that had limited resources. In contrast, a weakness of using the Precaution Adoption Process Model is that the adoption of more complex disaster family communication requires interpersonal education. For instance, using collective efficacy or goal-formation from the Social Cognitive Theory. Implementing these constructs would help families or communities have the confidence, and the ability to set a goal to have a communication plan or disaster
kit. Healthy People 2020 Healthy People 2020 recently added a new topic of preparedness to its list of topics and objectives. The objective that coincides with the health issue of disaster preparedness is the 13th objective. For this objective, Healthy People 2020 plans to increase the proportion of adults whose household has an emergency plan that includes instructions for household members about where to go in the event of a disaster. In 2011, 46.0% of adults aged 18 and over have a household emergency plan that includes instructs for household members about where to go and what to do in event of a disaster. In addition, Healthy People 2020’s goal is to increase the percentage of adults who have an emergency plan to 51.2%. They way they plan to achieve this goal is by maintaining consistency with national programs, regulations, and laws. Furthermore, to measure the current personal preparedness behaviors and perceptions regarding the likelihood of a natural disaster occurring in an individual's community, Healthy People 2020 uses a personal preparedness in America survey supplied by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The survey allows participation preparedness drills and exercises as well as getting familiar of community emergency response plans.
They found that various socio-demographic predictors of flood risk impact the difference across flood zone categories. The main residents in inland flood zones are non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic, while coastal flood zones have more higher median income and housing value residents. I considered the study a valuable reference for future flood hazard research and comprehensive public policy making. Social groups with higher vulnerability also tends to stay instead of moving away, for they do not have the affordability for moving to other neighborhood, giving up what they have and almost start from scratch. Thus, they are actually the group of people that suffers the most and paying the most towards natural events. It is also important for the government to create a official help system to improve their resilience.
In the increasingly complex world of health care, health care professionals make life-changing decisions for their patients and clients. The decisions can range from life to death and long care term for patients with mental disabilities. Not only do the decisions impact the patients or clients life but it also affects the patient’s family, caregivers and even the person making the decisions. Hence, healthcare professionals are advised to develop a moral reasoning and ethical decision-making process. The model used by most healthcare professionals is the six-step process developed by Purtilo and Doherty.
Both man-made and natural disasters are often devastating, resource draining and disruptive. Having a basic plan ready for these types of disaster events is key to the success of executing and implementing, as well as assessing the aftermath. There are many different ways to create an emergency operations plan (EOP) to encompass a natural and/or man-made disaster, including following the six stage planning process, collection of information, and identification of threats and hazards. The most important aspect of the US emergency management system in preparing for, mitigating, and responding to man-made and natural disasters is the creation, implementation and assessment of a community’s EOP.
Ms. Mason-Hagler's post brings up a very important topic about many doctors being nescient or apathetic to the limitations of subordinate staff. I have witnessed surgeons on occasion tell nurses and technicians to perform duties outside of their scope of practice for the simple convenience of saving time and the physician not having to do it themselves. A timorous nurse may find it difficult to confront a physician's orders since they are in a position of authority. However, nurses and subordinate staff have due diligence to the health and safety of the patient before a physician's order or hospital guidelines, policies and procedures. The six-step decision-making model is a beneficial tool for all nurses to follow whenever performing new or
Natural disaster can be traumatic events that have a huge impact on the mental health of communities often resulting in an increase in mental health needs that don’t get met. In 2005, one of the worst natural disasters in U.S. History, Hurricane Katrina, hit the states of Louisiana and Mississippi affecting 90,000 square miles. In addition to the 2000 people killed and million displaced as a result of the Hurricane, a significant number of people, according to multiple studies, suffered and continue to suffer from mental health issues including stress, anxiety, depression and PTSD. After the Hurricane, communities were both physically and emotionally devastated leaving individuals without loved ones, homes, belongings or jobs (Rhodes, J., Chan, C., Paxson, C., Rouse, C. E., Waters, M. and Fussell, E., 2010. p. 238). The Gulf Coast, whose mental health system had been obliterated by the Hurricane, was in desperation of mental health services in order to prevent chaos and initiate recovery immediately. The U.S. government did not provide sufficient services; thus, illustrating how the affected communities’ mental health needs weren’t being met and continue to not be met today. The survivors of Hurricane Katrina did not receive sufficient mental health services due to lack of government action and lack of programs with the capacity to assist large numbers of people which resulted in the individuals and communities affected to endure homelessness, poverty, and mental health issues even till this day.
Elliott, J. R., & Pais, J. (2006). Race, class, and Hurricane Katrina: Social differences in human responses to disaster. Social Science Research, 35(2), 295-321.
An activity that we participate in on a daily basis is belonging and being part of a community. We live in a world where associating and identifying ourselves with certain groups is how we share common interests, and we are responsible for facing whatever may come our way. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the differences and similarities between the approaches seen from the Chicago Heat Wave and Buffalo Creek Flood. The main differences are historical groundwork, relationship to land, physical/social vulnerability, problematic development, choices we make and media coverage. Kleinberg and Erikson both offer a greater variety of what exactly a disaster or community consist of. Although, both have some overlapping themes and ideas, their methodological approaches and expectations of a community dealing with a disaster differ significantly.
In this time where science makes dreams feasible, and what years ago was saw to be difficult, now is promising, for this reason is okay and respectable when a traditional married couple try different methods to become parents. There are many treatments to solve this issue, such as in vitro fertilization, use of hormones, and the most new and revolutionary; ‘shop a gamete or baby’ the same as you shop for a car or a house; you can pick the color of the eyes, the color of the hair and the physique you want. Inside out is important to mention, all these treatments are not entirely effective. So what happens when all the resources are exhausted? The possibility to adopt a child who needs a family can be one of the best options, and the most valued accomplishment for this married couple. Scott Simon says “Many couples pay tens of thousands of dollars for rounds of medical wizardry instead of adopting children who are already among us, crying for our love and support” (The case for Adoption, par. 2). In America and other countries, the number of children waiting for the opportunity to be adopted by a family is immense; these children are waiting for someone to rescue them, hoping for love and safety before it is too late for them.
Gangs are organized groups of people trying to obtain material wealth, respect of others and a sense of community. I believe that Aristotle would be against the idea of joining a gang because of the reasons associated with it. Aristotle believes that the highest good is not in the materials that we acquire, or the honor we have been bestowed. The highest good or happiness is accomplished through other virtues likes intellect and character building. The ultimate goal for human life, according to Aristotle is lasting happiness, which can only be obtained through virtue. He believes this because wealth is usually tied to someone trying to obtain something else and honor is not how that person views themself but how they are view by others. Virtue
Write or reviewyour family emergency plan; Where you will meet if you are are separated during the storm
This service uses the knowledge gained from the core function of assessment to begin the process of policy development (California Department of Public Health “Strategic Plan”, 2013). This service focuses with our work to empower people to make informed decisions regarding individual and community health matters (California Department of Public Health “Strategic Plan”, 2013). The communication needs to be targeted to specific groups, accounting for varying levels of understanding, cultural and ethnic differences, vulnerability to the health effects of climate change, and other factors (Frumkin, H., Hess, J., Luber, G., Malilay, J., & McGeehin, M., 2008). Messages should empower people to access and use necessary health resources. Since frightening scenarios may elicit despair and helplessness, it is important to design messages that minimize these responses and that lead instead to constructive behaviors (Frumkin, H., Hess, J., Luber, G., Malilay, J., & McGeehin, M., 2008). The service also encompasses public health activities such as:
In other words, after conducting risk assessment and communicating with various stakeholders, it is important to follow through with the plans while carrying communication and flexibility throughout. The lack of such response preparation can be seen post Maria and Katrina, while P&G and Walmart had stronger preparation that helped them be successful. In the case of Maria, for example, the issue of 10,000 shipping containers worth of supplies stuck at the San Juan port was exacerbated by people’s unwillingness to take action. Since there was no previous preparation or communication when the issue formed, people pointed fingers and waited for the next person to make the decisions rather than troubleshooting themselves. This can be seen on an even wider scale within Katrina.
The use of several data sources including an extensive database of media reports and a series of government documents, but relying primarily on the University of Delaware’s Disaster Research Center’s field research in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, the authors describe the nontraditional behavior that emerged in that catastrophe. The main thesis of this article is that emergent activities in the impacted region showed a different and opposite pattern to those suggested by the imagery employed by the media outlets mentioned above. Throughout this article we argue, and provide data to show, that a great variety of new, nontraditional or emergent behavior surfaced in this catastrophic
If government leaders and authorities want compliance from citizens during mandatory evacuations, they must be upfront and provide as much information as available to ensure residents are aware and capable of following a mandatory evacuation order. To prevent miscommunication during mandatory evacuations, government can rely on message boards, reverse 911 systems, and if necessary loud speakers from emergency vehicles to spread the word. The success of any type of evacuation is to allow citizens to participate in evacuation planning, because if they have a say in how local and state leaders issue evacuation orders, they are less likely to resist mandatory evacuation
..., L. M., & Wallace, R. B. (2014, March). Preparedness for natural disasters among older us adults a nationwide survey [Journal]. American Journal of Public Health, 104 (3), 506-511. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301559