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Essay american cultural
Essay american cultural
Introduction of american culture
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Of the dimensions of culture presented by Hofstede, power distance (and its corresponding versus of egalitarianism) has been chosen to be discussed.
The understanding of what the power distance index is in reference to U.S. culture is the tendency to equate power (those who have it and those who do not) with one’s relative position (in a culture) to that of another. In other words, it is a form of ranking decided by the perceived amount of power one individual may possess in excess to another. This is not referring to whether a person is physically stronger than another (though it can); it is, rather, referring to how individuals interact with the perception of who is more or less equal to themselves. In the case of U.S. culture, this country
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For example, an association of luxury car ownership with success in personal and professional life marks one as a unique individual, different to those around them, playing to the ego of a person who is desirous of more marketed individuality and uniqueness which equates to increased power, furthering the differentiation between them and others around …show more content…
Case in point, having saved for a really really really long time to by my first BMW (very used-older but was well cared for), I successfully angered the majority of my neighbors, including the one who had just purchased a 2016 Cadillac CT6 sedan. My personal answer is that I could and can never afford a new Cadillac, and that in choosing a vehicle I really wanted that was in my price range, I had fulfilled many differing needs on the Maslow hierarchy of needs, which were physiological in the form of pain avoidance-the heated seats alleviate my severe back pain, enabling me to drive more often; safety-it has all-wheel drive which prevents loss of traction in inclement weather; social-I enjoy driving and BMW builds a beautifully engineered machine; self-esteem-I have been saving a really long time to be able to afford one and was able to purchase one; and self-actualization-acknowledging that by putting myself first in choosing to make a purchase which may seem ostentatious I have reaped the benefits of being able to drive recreationally again (though not as much as I would like) and that is worth the temporary dissonance in my
According to Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, Mexico has high scores of Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Masculinity. We can tell from the scores that Mexico is a hierarchical society that people tend to work and live in orders, which means that there are levels among people and they try to fit into their own positions; people try to avoid unknowns and unwilling to take risks; and gap of values between men and women does exist in Mexico, competition, achievement, and success are emphasized in this society so people want to be the best instead of liking what they do. With low scores of Individualism and Long-term Orientation, Mexico is considered a collectivistic society with a normative culture. It emphasizes loyalty and strong relationships
In society, it can be agreed that there are two main types of power, proximal relations of power and distal relations of power. Proximal relations of power deals within the personal relationships in society, whereas distal relations of power are related to society in a more abstract way that affects it as a
Within a society power serves a vital role of establishing and maintaining roles of dominance and submission (Bourdieu, 1977). This creates and maintains a social hierarchy of inequality that unconsciously determines the status, behavioural expectations and available resources for members of the community (Navarro, 2006). The meaning of power within a society is that it determines one’s social standing or relational position within the given community as well as the level of dominance or power they have available to exert onto others. Power, within a society is primarily created through the habitus, capital and culture of a
Lots of people at a high level in society use the products they own to represent their social status. As what Solomon says in his article, “advertisers have been quick to exploit the status signals that belong to body language as well.” (169) Advertising gives them a good chance to show their material success, and the advertised products make them more of individuality. For example, Michael Jordan owns a Ferrari 512 which is a super sports car with an unaffordable price. Ferrari’s advertising tells the world how excellent and expensive the car is, so that his car could shows his wealth and success in his career and also his energetic and positive personalities. Being advertised, Jordan’s Ferrari is not just a vehicle but a symbol of his identity. There is no doubt that this advertised car makes Jordan much more of
The power distance in Singapore is 74 where in Canada it is 39, power distance shows the equality of people in society or culture and the distribution of power (Hofstede Centre, 2016). In Singapore, the distribution of power is not equal everyone is not treated same but in Canada the power is mostly distributed equally. Another metrics in the model is individualism vs collectivism, from the graph above we can see the Singapore is more in collectivism whereas Canada is more in individualism (Hofstede Centre, 2016). Uncertainty avoidance affects a human behavior or a culture in large hugely. In uncertainty avoidance Singapore’s score is 8. In Singapore people abide too many rules not because they have need for structure but because of high Power distance (Hofstede Centre, 2016).
Hofstede has identified five different cultural dimensions. These dimensions include power-distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance and lastly long term orientation. According to Hofstede, power distance is the first dimension which translates to how all individuals in a society aren't equal and there is a decent amount of inequality when it comes to the division of power. The second dimension involves the theme of individualism which translates to the degree of interdependence as well as how we identify ourselves in terms of "I" or "We". Additionally, Hofstede states that in individualist societies we tend to look only after ourselves and our blood family, however, in collectivistic societies individuals identify themselves as part of groups and take care of each other in exchange for loyalty. The third dimension would be masculinity/ femininity. A high score would translate to a masculine culture which demonstrates a culture driven by competition, achievement and success. On the other hand, a low score which demonstrates a feminine culture shows that the dominant traits involves caring for others and quality of life. The fourth dimension involves uncertainty avoidance which translates to how a society deals with not knowing how the future is going to turn out. This amount of vagueness brings about anxiety and different cultures deal with this issue differently. The fifth and final cultural dimension according to Hofstede is long term orientat...
r this paper, I chose the country Ireland. Ireland has the highest individualism economic dimension. The first dimension is power distance that deals with individuals in a society are not equal. Power distance is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally (Central Intelligence Agency, 2015). Ireland is at the lower ranking of power distance. Ireland citizens believe that inequalities among people should be minimized in a society. Superiors are always accessible and individual employees are reliable on their expertise in the workplace. Information in Irish companies is shared and consulted frequently, but information can be informal.
Cultural Differences in Hofstede’s Six Dimensions According to Professor Geert Hofstede, dimensionalizing a culture requires a complex analysis of a multitude of categories including differing nations, regions, ethnic groups, religions, organizations, and genders. Hofstede defines culture as "the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of people from another". Throughout his many years of contribution as a social scientist, he has conducted arguably the most comprehensive study of how values in the workplace are influenced by culture, leading to the establishment of the Six Dimensions of National Culture. From this research model, the dimensions of Power Distance, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty Avoidance, Long Term Orientation, and Indulgence are defined according to their implication on individual countries, which when comparatively examined provide a broad understanding of cultural diversity as it relates to the workplace. Identification and Definition of the Six Dimensions In initially defining each of Hofstede's dimensions, a foundational understanding of the six categories is established, from which a greater understanding of different cultures can be built off of.
Many theorists suggest that consumption is correlated to the identity of an individual, that by purchasing goods from the mass market, it enables us to visibly establish our position within society. This differs from previous times in which a range of factors such as family histories, character and personal achievements played a significant role (Gabriel and Lang, 2006). Instead, there is the idea that the consumer has the ability to gain pleasure over objects, not just solely by the manipulation of objects, but through the degree of control over their meaning. The degree of control is developed and achieved through imagination and provides greater possibilities of pleasure experiences. This suggests that modern consumption can be seen as device that enables individuals to ‘dream’ about the desires they wish to fulfill. (Campbell, 1989: 79) (Cited in Gabirel & Lang, 2006)
The consumption of products and services is important for the way in which it functions to mark social differences and act as a communicator, but it also gives satisfaction. Style, status and group identification are aspects of identity value. People choose to display commodities or engage in different spheres of consumption in an attempt to express their identity in a certain sort of image. A clear example to demonstrate a way in which someone may communicate their identity is the football supporter. When referring to picture 1, by simply wearing a Manchester United shirt, a...
French, J. R. P., Jr., & Raven, B. H. (1959). The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright (Ed.), Studies in social power (pp. 150–167). Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research.
The first dimension, power distance index (PDI), refers to the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. In a society, an individual exhibiting a high degree of power distance accept hierarchies where everyone has a place without the need for justification. Societies with low power distance however, seek the equal distribution of power. In organization
The first national culture dimension to be identified is the measurement of power distance. This can be defined as the degree of inequality among people built upon what the population of that country accepts as normal. In countries with high power distance like China, individuals are more likely to accept differences in authority or inequality. Management are inclined to be dictatorial, making autocratic and paternalistic decisions, with their subordinates remaining faithful and obedient to them at all times. Often these societies or institutions possess business structures that are typified by close control over all operations. Organisation structures tend to be tall hierarchies with numerous levels within a formal setting. One of the reasons that can be identified for the acceptance of this type of authority in China is derived from thousands of years of political centralisation, which tends to result in a tradition of obedience.
The first impression of an individual is judged by what they wear or what they carry. It is true that objects control people more than they realize, but those objects that people carry around reflect the personalities of individuals. Some possessions are strongly related to how people define themselves, such as cars, jewels, watches, and clothes. An individual who has relatively expensive brands of clothes and cars can be regarded as a person with high status. It is likely that many people would respect a person due to his or her status/ wealth which made this individual feels worthy and proud of who he or she is.
Power can create dysfunctional behaviors among culture depending on someone’s perception. Power draws others to conform to their beliefs and dominate the behaviors of their followers. As culture creates behaviors that make one feel, that should be the way to behave. One who seeks to gain power may manipulate others to meet their need disregarding the culture of others. Triandis (2000) mention, that family culture have this bond of tightness which occurs in situations where people are highly interdependent.