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Porter's five forces of criticism
Porter's five forces of criticism
Porter's five forces of criticism
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5 Porter’s Five Forces
5.1 Threat of New Entrants
The airline industry is a costly business to partake in especially due to the cost of fuel and technology needed to operate the airplane. With EasyJet internationalizing into Africa, it had the notion of facing new competitors, however, with the finances (see appendix) it possesses and the famous identity of its brand, made the threat of being a new entry within the Nigerian market low. However, a big threat would be if local Nigerian airlines were to reduce its prices then EasyJet might be at risk because the local airlines have the necessary equipment and knowledge to operate in its region.
5.2 Power of Suppliers
Airplane – With the only two main airplane suppliers in the industry, Boeing and Airbus, gives EasyJet a low bargaining power making the suppliers to have a high power at determining what price to sell its airplanes, however, EasyJet can increase its bargaining power if it looks to buy in bulk due to the fact that it is internationalizing into Nigeria so the demand for airplanes would be high.
Oil – it is inevitable for airplanes to fly with petrol, therefore giving petrol suppliers a high power. With the war in Iraq, petrol prices have increased significantly but by looking to purchase in Nigeria, where oil is a resource, would reduce the continental cost of buying from Iraq and makes it a recommendable country for EasyJet to operate in.
Airport – With the major airports in the European countries being too expensive for EasyJet to fly into, EasyJet will not face such problems in Nigeria due to currency exchange; it would be cheaper for EasyJet to fly into major airports in Nigeria. However, it is left to the airport to decide on whether it wants EasyJet to operate on...
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...ervices land transportations cannot offer, this will significantly boost the number of customers looking to fly and will increase the brand identity of EasyJet in Nigeria and Africa as a whole.
7 Conclusion
In conclusion, EasyJet has been doing exceptionally well since its establishment in 1995. However, EasyJet can no longer rely on its past success based on increasing number of competition and operating in a saturated market. Furthermore, with the continuation of the market evolving, globalization is needed in order for a company to be successful. Therefore, it is appropriate for EasyJet to implement the recommended strategy of internationalizing into an emerging country, Nigeria, especially when EasyJet’s main source of flying an airplane is a resource of the given market. This way, EasyJet will be able to maintain a competitive advantage over its competitors.
Michael Porter's Five Forces analyze the external and internal environment of a company to increase the awareness of threats and structure of the industry that company competes within. Thus, the Five Forces is an ideal tool which can help companies to maintain their competitiveness with a higher profitability.
WestJet is the second-largest carrier in Canada, which mainly focuses on economic airlines. In decades past, WestJet expanded its destination network form all western Canadian cities to international scope. During this development period, IT played a important role. For example, electronic ticket is used in the airline reservation system. However, some IT-related issues also hinders the company’s development.
Bargaining Power of Suppliers – High – two key supplies needed are planes and fuel. Fuel prices are negotiable on quantity. There are only two airplane suppliers, Airbus and Boeing.
The company, Jet2, have many strengths to its name. One such asset is, as mentioned above, the six UK based airports from which it flies from. These six locations, Belfast International, Newcastle, Leeds/Bradford, Manchester Blackpool and (from 3 April this year) Edinburgh, are very well spread throughout the UK. Being a UK based firm, it is important for a firm like Jet2 to have locations throughout the UK, so that potential customers can use their services, and this is possible due to the accessibility of each of their base airports.
In 1978, deregulation removed government control over fares and domestic routes. A slew of new entrants entered the market, but within 10 years, all but one airline (America West), had failed and ceased to exist. With long-term growth estimates of 4 percent for air travel, it's attractive for new firms to service the demand. It was as simple as having enough capital to lease a plane and passengers willing to pay for a seat on the plane. In recent news, the story about an 18-yr British...
When a business aims to be as successful as possible in selling its products and services, it must examine in detail whether or not the products will be attractive and necessary; if the price is optimal; if the product is being distributed in the best locations; and finally, how interest and awareness can be created for the products. In order for a business to target all of these elements to the right people at the right time, it must employ the right type of marketing mix: Product, Price, Place and Promotion. In a dysfunctional time for the airline industry, most airlines, especially major carriers, are adapting the concept of "doing less with more." One low-cost carrier, JetBlue, is changing the domestic aviation landscape in this regard and is defying the odds. Here is a company that has examined each marketing mix elements carefully, has adapted them to its customer’s needs, and is succeeding because of this approach.
1. Issues 2. American Airlines’ objectives 3. The airline industry 4. Market 5. Consumer needs 6. Brand image 7. Distribution system 8. Pricing 9. Marketing related strategies 10. Assumptions and risks
a. The adage of the adage of the adage of the adage of the Marketing low-cost airline services to business travellers. Journal of Air Transport Management, 7(2): 103-109.
Airline and travel industry profitability has been strapped by a series of events starting with a recession in business travel after the dotcom bust, followed by 9/11, the SARS epidemic, the Iraq wars, rising aviation turbine fuel prices, and the challenge from low-cost carriers. (Narayan Pandit, 2005) The fallout from rising fuel prices has been so extreme that any efficiency gains that airlines attempted to make could not make up for structural problems where labor costs remained high and low cost competition had continued to drive down yields or average fares at leading hub airports. In the last decade, US airlines alone had a yearly average of net losses of $9.1 billion (Coombs, 2011).
Lufthansa, one of the world’s biggest airliners, has divisions handing maintenance, catering and air cargo. Since the World War II the airline industry has never earned its cost of capital over the business cycle (Hitt, 2010). Most of the airline companies have either filed for bankruptcy or are being bailed out by their government. Lufthansa had also gone through these tough times, but had resurfaced to become one of the worlds most profitable airline company. The company adapted a transnational strategy, seeking to achieve both global efficiency and local responsiveness. Lufthansa’s monopoly in Germany came to a halt with the creating of the European Union. All the EU member countries become one regional and therefore the European competition became, an increasingly a local competition. Lufthansa created its regional Hubs, to cater for its domestic market. But the availability of substitutes such as bullet trains and the Euro tunnel, made is necessary for Lufthansa to create short traveling time, customizations and quality standards in the region to achieve a competitive advantage. But outside the EU there are no substitute to air travels as such all the flag carriers are competing in the market, the international airline industry is a highly competitive environment. A new force has also emerged in the world of air travel, in the form of three Gulf airlines with jumbo ambitions. Within a decade Dubai’s Emirates, Qatar Airways and Eithad from Abu Dhabi have between them carried the capacity of two hundred million passengers (Micheal, 2010). The company had to go global and therefore adopted the international corporate-level strategy, where Lufthansa will ope...
Tom, Y. (2009). The perennial crisis of the airline industry: Deregulation and innovation. (Order No. 3351230, The Claremont Graduate University). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, , 662-n/a. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304861508?accountid=8364. (304861508).
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Nigerian Breweries is the most funded quoted company on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE), it is also the first Nigerian company in any sector to declare N12 billion in Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and the first company in Nigerian history to declare a dividend of N8 billion
To buttress the implication of the model, Porter explained why the airline industry is the least profitable amongst industries owing to the high threat of the competitive forces. The airline industry players compete heavily on price. Most custom...
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