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Portchester Castle
Portchster Castle is a concentric castle, dating from Roman times
situated at the top of Portsmouth harbour. It has a 9-acre site and
was built from flint and stone. The castle had bastions and a tidal
moat, at the centre of the castle would have been accommodation.
Portchester Castle was originally built by the Romans to protect the
South coast of England from invasion by the Saxons. Portchester was
one of a series of forts built around the country and was typical of
Roman forts. Portchester was used as a base for soldiers. Because of
its location, troops could be sent out from the fort on ships to
defeat Saxon raiders. The location of Portchester Castle was ideal for
the Romans for several reasons: The site of the Castle was a peninsula
which meant that it was protected on three sides and could only be
attacked from one. The harbour that the fort protected could be used
for anchoring Roman ships, as they would be safe from storms.
What factors influenced the design and construction of Portchester
Castle?
During Roman times, Portchester Castle was an important link with the
Roman Empire as it was situated on the coast. When the Normans arrived
Portchester Castles was considered to be important as it provided a
link to Normandy. The Normans did not have the sophisticated
technology, the resources or the amount of men that the Romans had
had. This meant that they were unable to maintain the Castle as the
Romans had. They made a number of changes to the Roman Fort: A keep
was built in the corner with a wooden fence around it. Some of the
Roman walls had been 10ft thick, the Normans thinned these down to
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attacker's entrance to the castle. Although Portchester Castle does
not have staggered entrances it does have a triple gate to make it
harder for attackers to enter. This was very important because the
gate is the weakest part of a castle. On parts of the walls of
Portchester Castle, the base fans out and slopes down.
This is to make it harder for the enemy to
destroy the foundations and also to keep an
attacker away from the wall so they can be
fired at more easily. This is a feature of a
typical concentric castle although this
defence technique is usually used on the
entire wall. A typical feature of a concentric
castle is the protective wood work at the top
of the walls. We cannot tell whether this was
a feature of Portchester Castle because any
evidence would have rotted away.
For many the Cathedral is seen to indicate the grandeur and control of the Normans, who were able to build such monuments to their power despite having only recently conquered England. The precarious situation of being an recently instated alien power was even more pronounced in the north, where even the Anglo Saxon Kings had only had a superficial hold, arguably making the construction of Durham “one of the greatest Anglo-Norman achievements”. This so-called achievement is not restricted to architecture but also refers to the political developments which enabled the Normans to apparently gain enough control to do this within 30 years. However the study of Durham Cathedral alone cannot suffice to give a satisfactory outline of Norman politics and the achievements in Durham and must be put into the context of the region. Hence Durham Cathedral and all its powerful connotations can be argued to only be an anomaly to the reality of Norman England and its politics.
The Castle, directed by Rob Sitch, is an Australian comedy, which delves into the lives of a stereotypical Australian family, the Kerrigans. The film touchs on issues close to home in a humourous way. The audience is introduced to the classic Aussie family, narrated in the viewpoint of the youngest of the Kerrigans, Dale.
... feel more confident defending a strong and complex castle. Some disadvantages of a concentric castle include: concentric castles are very expensive to build, they take very long to build, they require more workers and skill to build and they need a larger food supply for a large amount of soldiers .
From its beginnings in Early Gothic to its completion just before Perpendicular, Lichfield Cathedral poses a fine balance between development and refinement, is a magnificent example of patterns of embellishment, and proves to be a great accomplishment for Decorated Gothic.
s from Lord Burlington’s grand tours travelling through the Low Countries and the Rhineland and spending four months in Rome, he designed the first and one of the finest examples of neo-Palladian architecture in England. The third Earl of Burlington, Richard Boyle, gained advice from his protégé, architect, painter and garden designer William Kent for the design of Chiswick House. Chiswick House provides an elegant setting for certain gatherings of his family, friends and cultural circle, and for Burlington’s grand collection of paintings and architectural drawings.
During the 1800’s Great Britain’s empire stretched around the world, and with raw materials easily available to them this way, they inevitably began refining and manufacturing all stages of many new machines and other goods, distributing locally and globally. However, despite being the central ‘workshop of the world,’ Britain was not producing the highest quality of merchandise. When comparing factory-made products made in England to surrounding countries, most notably France, those products could not compare as far as craftsmanship and sometimes, simply innovation. It was suggested by Prince Albert that England host a sort of free-for-all technological exposition to bring in outside crafts into the country and also show their national pride.
The Royal Pavilion The Royal Pavilion was a very fashionable building in it's day. The architecture was quite fashionable as it used the idillic style which was fashionable and the farmhouse idea was fashionable, however the Indian style the Royal Pavilion used was unfashionable. On the outside of the Pavilion the Prince also used the neo-classical style which was fashionable back then. Trompe l'oeil was a fashionable interior design which the Prince used. However the Prince did use chinoiserie which was unpopular then but was popular 50-60 years before the Prince used it.
Some of the problems plaguing the Portman Hotel in its inception include a lack of harmony among the workers, a lack of effort by some of the personal valets, and a lack of discipline on the part of management. The following case study uses various theories to explain these issues.
It also dives into the area in its modern form, which is a tourist site administered by the English Heritage. According to the article, the area started as a cathedral but five days after its consecration a storm left an extensive damage and the cathedral had to be refurbished. “This work ultimately doubled the cathedral's length and involved the large-scale leveling of the ecclesiastical district in the northwest quadrant of the town.”[citation 33]” Then in the 1130s the work on the royal palace began.The palace at first was thought to be very small but could actually be the palace that was described in the first article. The dimensions were “170 m × 65 m (560 ft × 210 ft), surrounded a large central courtyard, and had walls up to 3 m (10 ft) thick. A 60-metre-long (200 ft) room was probably a great hall and there seems to have been a large tower”(citation
The first castles built (Motte and Bailey) were made of wood and quick to build, but they were burnt and worn down easily, so the next castles were made of stone. (Square keeps) They were tall, strong, large and lasted long, but attackers would surround the castle and wait for ages for the people inside to come out. The third castles (Shell Keeps) were even stronger, but because they were made of heavy stone, they might collapse. So finally, the fourth castles (concentric) were built and they were the strongest, largest most defensive and most expensive castles built.
The castle is of Norman origin, and its history spans “more than five centuries” (Kenilworth Castle & Elizabethan Garden). If was built “around 1120 by Geoffrey de Clinton who was Henry I’s Lord Chamberlain,”(Kenilworth Castle) and was later passed from Henry II and King John (1210-1215) to King Henry III. Henry III continued John’s work reinforcing the castle as a fortress, and then gave the castle to Simon de Montfort, whom he later ended up fighting. After a battle against Simon’s son, Henry III was victorious and his son, Edmund Earl of Lancaster, inherited the castle in the 1300s. In later years, important families like the Tudors moved into the castle (1492), and it became more of an elaborate home than fortress, though the castle’s remaining defenses were damaged by Parliament in the Civil War (Kenilworth Castle). Kenilworth is most widely known today as a palace when Robert Dudley, the Earl of Leicester and a favorite of Queen ...
In the poem "Dover Beach",witten in 1867 Matthew Arnold creates the mood of the poem through the usage of different types of imagery. He uses a dramatic plot in the form of a soliloquy. Arnold also uses descriptive adjectives, similes and metaphors to create the mood. Through the use of these literary elements, Arnold portrays the man standing before the window pondering the sound of the pebbles tossing in the waves as representation of human suffering. The man arrives at the vision of humanity being helpless against nature. Arnold creates the mood by suggesting mental pictures, actions, sights and sounds the man sees. Some examples are "folds of a bright girdle furled", "lie before us like a land of dreams" and "moon-blanched land". Arnold's use of different types of imagery and descriptive adjectives to induce sensory impressions of the setting, create the fluctuating mood of the poem, which is the eternal struggle of nature over man.
Rural areas are separated by a handful of remote farms, normally comprising of the older, old-fashioned whitewashed or stone buildings, usually with slate roofs. Villages grew from the early settlements of the Celtic tribes who chose certain settings for their agricultural or defensive value. More prosperous settlements grew and developed into the political and economic centers of Wales. The Anglo-Norman manorial custom of buildings bunched on a landowner's property, not unlike rural villages in England, was brought to Wales after the conquest of 1282. The village as a center of rural society, conversely, became important only in southeastern Wales. Other rural areas had more spread out and more isolated building patterns. Wood framed houses, originally built around a great hall, appeared in the Middle-Ages in the northeast, and later all over Wales. In the late 1700s, houses started to differ more in size and sophistication, imitating the development of a middle class and amassed differences in wealth. In Glamorgan and Monmouthshire, landowners built brick houses that mirrored the patois style common in England at the time as well as their social status. This imitation of English architecture set landowners apart from the rest of Welsh society. After the Norman Conquest, urban development started to grow around castles and military camps. The bastide, or castle
Many castles became well known and were highly populated due to their popularity and were typically not attacked much. One of the most famous castles that was primarily a military castle was Caernavon castle. It was built by Edward I and his men during his conquest of Northern Wales. It was one of the largest Welsh castles of its time and it was a stone castle with hexagonal towers. It was used for an advanced outpost and an administration building. Despite the fact that it was primarily a military castle and its large size it was poorly defended and became a store house over time (Hindley 13). While castles such as Caernarvon were known for their military use Chateau-Gaillard was heavily defended and one of the finest looking castles to be constructed. Located on the border of Normandy Chateau-Gaillard had an initial cost of 11,500 pounds and was a three year building project. An experienced military commander and expenses not being a problem allowed Chateau-Gaillard to become extremely powerful (Brown 78). Potentially the most famous castle of the period was Windsor castle. After its initial construction it had continued expansion throughout its life span. Edward III spent around 51,000 pounds to expand Windsor castle which is the highest known amount of money spent on one project of the time period (Brown 91). Famous castles are probably the largest reason that castles have stayed relevant even after they were no longer
Northanger Abbey tells the story of a young woman’s introduction to the complications of social class and the conflict between imagination and reality. The novel begins by introducing Catherine Morland, an average girl “who had by nature nothing heroic about her” (Austen 17). By the age of seventeen, she has accomplished little of significance, so when her neighbor, Mrs. Allen, invites her to accompany her and her husband to a nearby town called Bath, Catherine readily accepts. Upon her arrival at Bath, Catherine’s confidence begins to grow. The freedom Bath granted her, and the novelty of being away from home “gave greater openings for her charms” (Austen 24). Men began to notice Catherine’s beauty, and one man in particular, Henry Tilney,