46. Indicate the factors that contributed to population growth in the American colonies during the eighteenth century, and discuss the characteristics and consequences of that growth. The primary factor that contributed to population growth is natural increase. Especially in New England, people were living longer which means that the birth rate was higher than the death rate leading to an overall increase in population. In the Chesapeake and Lower Southern Colonies, the population became larger due to the importing of slaves to work the plantations. Furthermore, a large number of Irish, Germans and Scots immigrated to the American colonies in search of a better life. In order to accommodate the increase in population the colonies had to …show more content…
push further and further west. This put them in direct conflict with the Native Americans over land. 47. Discuss the characteristics of the major non-English ethnic groups that came to the colonies during the period from 1720 to 1770, and explain their contributions to and impact on colonial society. A number of other ethnic groups immigrated to the colonies during this time in search of a better life. Immigrants came from Ireland, Scotland and Germany; bringing with them their cultures and language. This helped diversify the population of the colonies. In addition, a large number of African slaves were bought and sold in the colonies in order to work on the plantations. Even though they were slaves, they still brought their culture and traditions with them to the colonies. During the revolution, the colonists needed the support of all of the non-English ethnic groups in their rebellion against the British. 48. Examine the economic evolution of the American colonies from 1720 to 1770, and discuss the major factors that contributed to the economic development of each colonial region (New England, the Middle Colonies, the Chesapeake, and the Lower South). The economic status of the colonies remained relatively consistent until the end of the French and Indian War when the Navigation Acts were enforced. This forced the colonists to pay taxes to the British and they were unable to trade with any other country except England. To avoid the taxes, colonial elites began smuggling in goods that were being taxed. The New England colonies continued with the practice of subsistence, but the main source of income was through trading in the port cities. The Middle Colonies continued to commercially farm wheat, barley and rye. The Chesapeake continued to grow tobacco while the Lower South Colonies grew rice, sugar and indigo as more slaves were being brought into the region to work the farms and plantations. 49. Discuss the goals and consequences of the Albany Congress. There were several goals of the Albany Congress. The first goal was for the colonists to form an alliance with the Iroquois as the French and Indian War was breaking out. The second goal was to form a government that would reside in the north to be able to more effectively communicate commands for the army. As a result, the Iroquois did not join the French and Indian war at that time (although they would join the war later) and the plan for the government in the north was not approved by the colonies. This also demonstrated to Parliament that the colonies lacked the ability to unite despite the threat of war. 50.
Discuss the causes and consequences of the Seven Years War/French and Indian War. One of the main causes for the French and Indian war was that the British wanted the French completely out of North America. The war began when the British encroached on the French possession of the Ohio Valley. The British were victorious in the war and gained all of the land that France had in North America. The French were only allowed to keep two islands off the coast of Nova Scotia. The Spanish were given the Louisiana Territory. Even though the British won the war, it was at a huge expense that put England in a great deal of debt. As a result, they looked to the colonies to aid in repaying that debt. 51. Through an examination of Parliament’s actions relating to the colonies from 1763 to 1774, explain Great Britain’s approach to the crisis it faced in the post-Seven Years War/French and Indian War decade. Parliament thought that the colonies were in their debt because the British protected the colonies and gained all of the land that France had in North America. However, the war was extremely costly to the British and they felt that the colonies should help repay Parliament for the services that they were provided. As a result, Britain imposed numerous taxes on the colonies in order to help defray the cost of the
war. 52. Through an examination of the development of the colonial resistance movement, explain the reaction of the colonists to Parliament’s actions in the period from 1763 to 1774. The colonists did not feel that it was fair that the Navigation Acts were now being enforced. The colonists did not feel that it was appropriate for them to pay taxes to a government in which they had no representation. In response, the Sons of Liberty organized mobs and protests over taxation. Several key events were a result of the anger of the colonists including: the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the boycott of British goods, and the Committees of Correspondence. This all culminated in the First Continental Congress and eventually the Revolutionary War. 53. Examine the basic ideological conflict between the British and the colonists concerning (a) the nature of representative government, and (b) the nature of political power. The British government felt that just by being a part of the empire, that the colonists were being represented. This was the ideology of virtual representation. However, the colonists wanted direct representation and a voice in Parliament. The colonists wanted to remain a part of the British Empire, but they wanted to be able to self-govern. The British government was a absolute monarchy and felt that they should have complete control over the colonies. 54. Examine the ideological and constitutional arguments presented by the colonists against the Sugar Act, the Stamp Act, and the Townshend Acts. Constitutionally, the colonies were part of the British Empire and subject to British law and government. As a result, Britain felt that they could impose their will on the colonies and that the colonies just had to accept it as they were under their rule. From an ideological perspective, the colonies wanted to govern themselves with little intervention or oversight from Britain. Due to the fact that the colonies had ruled themselves for so long, it created a great deal of anger when Britain started to tighten the reins after the conclusion of the French and Indian War. Britain felt that they had the right to tax the colonists while the colonists felt that the taxes that were being imposed upon them were unfair. 55. Trace the development of the theory that Great Britain was conspiring to oppress the colonists, and explain how that theory became especially important in relation to the Tea Act, the Coercive Acts, and the Quebec Act. Once the Stamp Act was repealed, Parliament added the Declaratory Act to the repeal. The Declaratory Act stated that even though the Stamp Act was repealed, Britain still had the right to tax the colonies in the future. Many colonists felt that the Declaratory Act was passed just to prove that Britain was still in charge of the colonies. The Tea Act was a tax on tea that was imported into the colonies. The colonists viewed the Coercive Acts as especially oppressive as it took away many of their basic rights such as: privacy in their homes and their legislature. The Quebec Act gave some power back to the French as it restored some of their laws and religious tolerance in Canada. Many colonists took this as a direct slight in that the land was given back to the French despite the fact that the British won the French and Indian War. Overall, these acts were designed to show the colonists that Parliament was in charge. 56. Explain the debate at the First Continental Congress concerning the constitutional relationship between the colonies and England, and indicate the outcome of that debate. Many of the taxes that were imposed on the colonies were directed at Massachusetts because they were the most rebellious of the colonies. During the First Continental Congress, Massachusetts wanted to break away from Britain right from the start while the other colonies wanted to fix the relationship with Britain. At the end of the debate, all of the colonies decided to try to repair the relationship with England rather than fight for independence. As a show of unity, the colonies all agreed to boycott British goods. 57. Explain the process by which Americans gained international recognition, and assess the significance of that accomplishment. Americans gained international recognition by fighting for independence against Britain. Britain was widely regarded as the most seasoned and well trained military in the world and they were defeated in the end by the Americans. The victory by the colonies was practically a miracle. This inspired other countries, such as France and Haiti, to also fight for their independence.
After the French and Indian War, Great Britain obtained a huge amount of land including Canada and the land west of the Appalachian mountains and owned most of the New World(Document A). Great Britain may of obtained all this land, however they had twice the debt than before the war. To compensate for all this money, English monarchs imposed tariffs and high taxes on
The British colonies in America from the time they were established up until around 1763 had a policy of Salutary Neglect. Salutary Neglect meant that the British would not interfere with the colonies national or even international affairs. This benefitted the colonies, they got to experience some forms of democracy, and they also were able to experience independence in a way though they took it for granted. The British after the Seven Years War, which was fought on American soil, for the Americans protection, decided that the colonies should be required to pay for it in taxes. Britain was in debt, and their economy was in a recession, so the well off colonies tax money would have helped them considerably. The tax would only be the beginning to a long line of British policies further upsetting the colonial people.
The French and Indian war was a conflict between the American colonists and French over the Ohio valley. The American colonists were allied with the British. The French were allied with the Native American tribes in the area. The war lasted for seven years and ended in a victory for the British. However, this caused many problems which ultimately led to the loss of the Thirteen Colonies.
The desire for huge profits (which needed a reliable form of cheap labor) created an enormous slave population in the colonies.
After the French and Indian War ended in 1763, Great Britain had nearly gone bankrupt paying for the war. The British thought it was only logical to start new taxes against the colonists. After all, to the British, they had fought the war in the name of the colonies and in what they believed was in their best interest. Many different types of taxes came and went to help pay for the debt. Over time, the
The New England, Middle and Southern colonies were all English ruled, but yet very different. Among their distinctions, was the geography which played an important role in shaping these colonies. New England attracted Puritan farmers who wanted to separate from the Catholic Church. But because of the bone dry soil in the North, these colonists found they couldn't continue with their traditional ways of farming. However, with the immense amounts of water that surrounded them, they found that they could fish and trade. The Middle colonies on the other, hand had a moderate amount of everything. The fertile soil and the major seaports such as Philadelphia and New York, allowed these Middle colonists to make a living any way they saw fit. This led to the brisk development of the Middle Seaboard . Unlike the Middle and Northern colonies, the Southern colonies had large amounts of fertile land allowing for the development of large plantations. Because farming the plantations was the economic thrust for the South, towns and cities developed slowly. Thusly Geography greatly affected the lifestyles of these regions in the New World.
After the French and Indian War, the British government decided to make the American colonies pay a large share of the war debt with new taxes that they issued. The English ...
It seems important to understand the similarities of the colonial regions in order to comprehend the implications they had. By comparing the Middle Colonies and New England, and by contrasting the future North to the South, it becomes relatively easy to draw patterns.
From 1754 to 1763, the French and Indian War took place. This war altered the political, economic, and ideological relations between Britain and its American colonies. It was the last of four North American wars waged from 1689 to 1763 between the British and the French. In these struggles, each country fought for control of the continent with the assistance of Native American and colonial allies. The French and Indian War occurred to end the land dispute between the British and French. Whoever won, in reality, gained an empire. It was a determined and eventually successful attempt by the British to get a dominant position in North America, the West Indies, and the subcontinent of India. Although Britain had won all this land, political, economic, and ideological relations between Britain and its American colonies were totally annihilated.
The origin of England's dependence on the colonies began during the French and Indian war, in the 1750s-1760s. In this war, the British were quite inexperienced; their European style of fighting did not work against the guerilla-warfare fighting style of the French. The British wore bright red coats, marched in long lines, often lugging cannons around with them, while the French hid behind trees and picked them off one by one. General Braddock relied on his force of ill-disciplined American militiamen, who used behind-the-tree methods of fighting in order to fight the Indians. After many years of fighting, the British finally came out victorious. Although England emerged from this war as one of the biggest empires in the world, it also possessed the biggest debt. They had poured much money and resources into these colonies in order to keep them as their own, and it was time for the colonies to give something back to the British for protecting them from the Indians. They finally realized what a precious gift the colonies were, and how useful they would be. In this war, the British realized that the colonies were their pawns in a global game of chess. At any time, the British felt that they had the right to impose taxes on the colonies, in order to make up for money that was lost in the French and Indian War to defend them. They had the view that because they had done so much to help the colonies, that the colonies had to repay them.
Many causes fueling America's need to expand and acquire new lands existed. One of the reasons was Americans were experiencing "a large birthrate increase due to immigration. And because agriculture provided the primary economic structure, large f...
An outburst in growth of America’s big city population, places of 100,000 people or more jumped from about 6 million to 14 million between 1880 and 1900, cities had become a world of newcomers (551). America evolved into a land of factories, corporate enterprise, and industrial worker and, the surge in immigration supplied their workers. In the latter half of the 19th century, continued industrialization and urbanization sparked an increasing demand for a larger and cheaper labor force. The country's transformation from a rural agricultural society into an urban industrial nation attracted immigrants worldwide. As free land and free labor disappeared and as capitalists dominated the economy, dramatic social, political, and economic tensions were created. Religion, labor, and race relations were questioned; populist and progressive thoughts were developed; social Darwinism and nativism movements were launched.
A continuing high birthrate accounted for most of the increase in population, but by the 1840’s the tides of immigration were adding hundreds of thousands more. Before this decade, immigrants had been flowing in at a rate of 60,000 a year ; but suddenly the influx was tripled in the 1840’s and then quadrupled in the 1850’s. During these two feverish decades, over a million and a half Irish, and nearly as many Germans, swarmed down the gang planks. Why did they come? The immigrants came partly because Europe seemed to be running out of room. The population of the Old World more than doubled in the nineteenth century, and Europe began to generate a seething pool of apparently "Surplus" people. They were displaced and footloose in their homelands before they felt the tug of the American magnet. Indeed at least as many people moved about within Europe as crossed the Atlantic. America benefited from these people churning changes but did not set then all in motion. Nor was the United States the sole beneficiary of the process : of the nearly 60 million people who abandoned Europe in the century after 1840, about 25 million went somewhere other than the United States.
The beginning of 1763 marked one of the major events that would contribute to the end of British colonial relations. On February 3, 1763 the French and Indian War finally ended in British victory, but while the British celebrated the French’s defeat, colonists feared the oncoming reverberations the war would have on them. The main motive behind the war was for possession over the French fur trade territory in North America. To the colonists, the war was being fought by and for Britain not the colonies. The benefits of the victory only pertained to Britain. The after effect of the war for the colonies was the trampling on their need for expansion. During the war, Native Americans had fought with the French because of how well they treated them. Britain was notorious for abusing the Native Americans, therefore once the French were defeated; they began attacking western settlements of colonists. To avoid confrontation, the Proclamation of 1763 was passed by Parliament. The Proclamation established a limit to the greatly needed colonial expansion. Specifically, the Proclamation forbid settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains. The passing of the Proclamation of 1763 infuriated colonists ...
Today, in American society, many people believe that being overweight is unhealthy, but back in the 1700’s, being overweight was what every person wanted to be. In the 1700’s, having a little extra weight showed that that person had good food and was therefore more likely to survive. Before the 1700’s, many people in Europe died from starvation and disease, resulting in little population growth. During the 1700’s was when that all changed. The population increase in the 1700s to 1800s was due to a declined mortality rate caused by changes in Europe’s economy, society, and culture.