In the two years of 755 and 756, Pope Stephen II, inside of what is now known as Italy, was found to be under violent and malicious attack by King Aistulf of the Lombards. Because of this, Pope Stephen II wrote a series of letters to King Pippin III that begged for immediate aid to bring an end to that attack. This series of letters later became known as Letters to King Pippin III. In these letters, Pope Stephen II described horrible interactions between the Lombards and those within the town, and begged that King Pippin III send immediate aid to save the land and those within it. While this is a brief summary, I leave out an important detail—Pope Stephen II uses minuscular blackmail and several manipulative statements in order to get what …show more content…
However, it is not so evident to see because the layout is slightly change. The second letter opens with a cry for guidance and aid because there are hardships that “lie upon our every side and we do not know what to do” (130). With this, it is then that Stephen begs Pippin to “present here even for even the space of a single hour so that you might behold the miserable and mournful hardships and tribulations” that were caused by Aistulf (130). After this, Stephen makes it clear that he and the others around him believe that “everything is already known to [his] nobility” but then proceeds to tell Pippin everything that Aistulf has done since Stephen’s last letter. This is done to make Pippin appear more knowledgeable and informed than he is. Hence, another thing that Stephen is saying to build Pippin up just to try and manipulate him yet …show more content…
In an act of begging for aid, Stephen begs that Pippin comes “to our assistance with all possible haste and the greatest speed” so that they will not die because it was Pippin’s “hands that [they] placed all [their] souls” (131). This is done so that Pippin will be held accountable for their lives and souls if he chose to not answer their calls for help. The manipulation continues as Stephen then begs that Pippin does not delay to come to their aid because that would risk Pippin becoming “a stranger from the kingdom of God and be cut off by force from your dearest wife” (132). This is a manipulative statement because it brings Pippin’s family into the matters between himself and Stephen. Anytime that family is brought into matters, it is more likely the person will work in the manipulator’s favor. Stephen continues this manipulation by speaking about the possibility that Pippin will be denied entrance into the gates of heaven. Stephen begs that Pippin come to their aid so that the Lord may not “shut his ear from hearing [his] prayers and may he not turn his face from [him] on that day of judgment to come” (132). This points towards what could happen on Pippin’s judgment day. This is manipulative because it holds Pippin’s soul accountable for what he did and did not do. While the fate of Pippin’s soul is not up to Stephen, this is still a perfect reminder to throw in. Stephen states in
The crusades were religious wars between Christians and Muslims. Often, the Church would want its crusaders to believe that they were going to fight a holy war for God and getting back the holy lands. In the first primary source, Count Stephen in Blois Letter to His Wife, he letter illustrates the similar perception and approach. In the letter to his wife, Stephen relates occasions that occurred in the attack of Antioch with much enhancement. The letter is romantic and very tedious through its retelling of how the armed force came to recover Cappadocia, Assam, and afterward Antioch from the Turks.
In midsummer 1680, Pope said the time was now for a revolt. Pope used his mystical powers to summon 3 native Gods to his secret chamber....
Fulcher’s version of Urban II’s speech focuses firstly on the reprimands issued by Urban to the People of France for their infighting; He quotes Urban as addressing the council as being “Urged by necessity... come into these parts as an ambassador with a divine admonition” . He reports the Pope as complaining to ...
Sidonius’s Letters are a series of letters written by Sidonius various times during the 5th century. He wrote to plenty of bishops and wrote about Christianity and political figures. Through his letters we can learn about how early Christianity was organized, the feeling of superiority in Christians, the qualities of Christians due to his discussion of Christian codes to follow, and we learn about Christian’s belief in miracles showing us how faithful Christians in 5th century Rome could be. Although there is a bias due to Sidonius being a bishop, we gain a different perspective of 5th century Rome.
.... In chapter fourteen Stephen says to himself “Dad laid before me, as still as ever ”. This was showing Stephen’s knowledge that he had to move on as he set his dad to rest then buried him. Stephen was very sad, but whatever he did from that point on, was for his dad.
The journey to discover one's purpose in life is a long adventure. As Pippin, the son of Charlemagne, tries to find his purpose through war, sex, and politics, he stumbles upon love, which ultimately fulfills his empty heart. All the elements from the music and choreography to the set design make this production a success. Pippin is a marvelous, heroic, musical drama that has elements of humor that shows disconnect between the imaginary and reality, as well as a reoccurring theme of family reunification.
Saint Leo the Great was the pope in the fifth century. He served as pope for twenty-one years. This century was the time in history when barbarian armies were ravaging the once mighty Roman Empire. Pope Leo strived to increase the influence of the pope. He had the hard job to defend the church from threat of heresy. When Attila the Hun who had already sacked Northern Italian cities and towns was marching toward Rome, Pope Leo headed north to meet him and try to stop the attack. Pope Leo met up with Attila the Hun in the neighborhood of the river of Mincio. It is said that Pope Leo said this to Attila "The senate and the people of Rome, once conquerors of
Carleton- Munro, Dana. The Speech of Pope Urban II. At Clermont, 1095. The American Historical Review. 11. no. 2 (1906): 231.
...ts that he is only required, if he is twelve years old and if he wasn’t he wouldn’t be of any use to Mr Abney and meant he wouldn’t bother taking care of him unless he got something out of it. It then brings the reader back to the two other children that previously went missing and makes the reader question their disappearance as they were also a similar age to Stephen. It adds further thoughts that Mr Abney’s intentions are impure. Mr Abney’s interest in pagan culture may be the reason for his anxious behaviour and eager question asking.
Unlike other institutions, the Roman Catholic church relied heavily on direct violence when solving conflicts during the Middle Ages. The church used dubious strategies for internal and external conflicts, becoming a haven for violence and hatred. Muslims were viewed as savages, and did not believe Jesus Christ to be a savior to men, just a prophet (Notes). Thus, Islamic followers were a threat to salvation for Christians, who were unable to rationally think through this threat to their belief system. To eliminate the situation with the Muslims, Pope Urban II called for the first crusade, “to help expel that wicked race from our Christian lands before it is too late” (Source 40). Thus, war erupted between the two groups spanning multiple centuries
“We are not the sum of our weaknesses and failures; we are the sum of the Father’s love for us and our real capacity to become the image of his Son.” Said by St. Pope John Paul II during one of his World Youth Day homilies this quote perfectly represents the man that St. Pope John Paul II was: a bold, forgiving, selfless, and loving man. Born on May 18, 1920 in Wadowice, Poland; John Paul II suffered a number of tragedies in the early years of his life. By the age of the twenty he lost all of his immediate family, and he credits the death of his father as the point in his life when he heard the call to live a life of religious vocation. In 1939, about one year after John Paul enrolled in The Krawkow Jaggelonian University, the Nazi closed the school and to avoid deportation to Germany all able men had to work. From 1940 to 1941 his holiness did various jobs, but it was during this time period that he was seriously contemplating priesthood. In 1942 John Paul II started studying at the underground seminary run by the Archbishop of Krakow, and during this time he was hit by a truck and recovered in matter of two weeks. To him this was a confirmation of his vocation. Once the war was finished the future pope was ordained priest and was then sent to Rome for further studies. After a two year time period in Rome, His Holy Father received his doctorate in theology and returned to Poland. After serving in several parishes and becoming a well-known religious face in Poland, St. John Paul II became the bishop of Ombi. During the six year time period that his holiness was the Bishop of Ombi, he achieved one of his life’s major accomplishments: he became one of the leading thinkers on the Vatican II council. While he was one the Vatican II co...
As Stephen grows, he slowly but inexorably distances himself from religion. His life becomes one concerned with pleasing his friends and family. However, as he matures he begins to feel lost and hopeless, stating, "He saw clearly too his own futile isolation. He had not gone one step nearer the lives he had sought to approach nor bridged the restless shame and rancor that divided him from mother and brother and sister." It is this very sense of isolation and loneliness that leads to Stephen's encounter with the prostitute, where, "He wanted to sin with another of his kind, to force another being to sin with him and to exult with her in sin.
Even as a young boy, Stephen experienced rejection and isolation at school. On the playground Stephen "felt his body [too] small and weak amid the [other] players" (Joyce 8). His schoolmates even poked fun at his name. In response to his rejection by the other boys Stephen makes a conscious decision to "[keep] on the fringe of his line, out of sight of his prefect" and the other boys. Stephen is later depicted as choosing the "warm study hall" rather than the playground with his friends outside (Joyce 10). His rejection at school leads him to isolate himself in his schoolwork, thus putting himself on a scholarly path that will give him the intellectual skills necessary for the artist within him to achieve adulthood.
Religion, besides the practical need for food and shelter is one of the most powerful drives in Stephen's life. Religion serves as Stephen's guidance and saviour yet it is also responsible for his tormented youth and distracting him from his artistic development. As a child growing up in a strict Catholic family, Stephen is raised to be a good Catholic boy who will follow the teaching of Catholism as his guidance in his life. The severity of his family is shown when his mother tells him either to "apologise" (4) or "the eagles will come and pull out his eyes" (4). Stephen is taught by his mother to be tolerant when she "[tells] him not to speak with the rough boys in the college" (5). Similarly, Stephen's father also taught him a Catholic quality by telling Stephen "never to peach on a fellow' (6). Evidence of Stephen following the "never to peach" (6) quality is shown when Stephen agrees not to tell on Wells for pushing him into a ditch. However, as Stephen matures into his adolescence, religion becomes his savior rather than his guidance. As Stephen's family condition declines, he sees priesthood as a way to escape poverty and shame. In fact, priesthood is an opportunity for Stephen's personal gain...
As a bildungsroman, Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations presents the growth and development of Philip Pirrip, better known as Pip. Pip is both the main character in the story and the narrator, telling his tale many years after the events take place. Pip goes from being a young boy living in poverty in the marsh country of Kent, to being a gentleman of high status in London. Pip’s growth and maturation in Great Expectations lead him to realize that social status is in no way related to one’s real character.