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Leisure and activities in Pompeii and Herculaneum
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Pompeii and Herculaneum:
Snapshots in Time
Have you heard of the cities destroyed in a day Pompeii was a Roman city in Italy located 14 miles from Naples, and next to an active volcano named Mt. Vesuvius. In 79 A.D. the volcano erupted. The eruption had many stages. The first stage of the eruption was the tremors that happened the days before the eruption. The second stage of the eruption was a series of small eruptions from Mt. Vesuvius. The third stage was the very large eruption from Mt. Vesuvius. After the third stage the sun was clouded out with ash from the volcano. Lastly, the streets flooded with ash. The ash that flooded the streets perfectly preserved the city. When a surveying engineer discovered the city in 1748, the city was excavated from the ash and to the people's surprise, nearly everything was perfectly preserved, like a snapshot of history. Under the ash, the researchers found preserved remains of the people that lived there, bread still in ovens,
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What's the big deal?” The big deal is that these ancient cities have taught us so much stuff about ancient roman culture. For example, because of the petrified food, we know what the people’s diet was. Also that their was very definite size and bone strength between the poor and the rich because of what they ate. We also have a better idea of what ancient Roman architecture looked like and the differences between the poor and the wealthiest homes. Archaeologists also found found many museum pieces; like a loaf of bread with the name of a slave carved into it, many different types of jewelry, and an eyewitness account of the eruption written by a man named Pliny the Younger, and much more. And last but not least they discovered what Roman life was like, from the food, to the people. The discovery of Pompeii is by far one of if not the best example of ancient Roman life we have found so far, and we will possibly ever
Mount Vesuvius is one of history’s most recognizable Volcanoes, as each of its eruptions have gone down as a significant event in geologic history. The events that transpired during and after these eruptions have shaped the way scientists and people view the sheer power that these volcanoes possessed. This report will take a look at Vesuvius’ most prolific eruption in 79 AD. The geologic setting of the mountain, precursor activity, and the impact the eruption had on the surrounding populations and towns will all be detailed. Along with these details, this report will also look at the further history of Vesuvius’s explosive past by detailing its eruption cycle. Finally, the current state of Vesuvius and the possible danger the current population living near the mountain could face should it erupt explosively again.
Politics in Pompeii and Herculaneum was an essential and important aspect of life. Politics enabled the towns to run successfully and smoothly. There were elections held for politicians, which included the election of two Duumviri and two pairs of Aediles. The comitum, which was made up of roman males who were over the age of 25, voted for who they believed should be the next Aediles and Duumviri. People who were running for the positions or people who wanted someone they liked to be elected would leave messages everywhere to promote and advocate them in hopes for them to be elected. There were over 2000 electoral notices found in Pompeii. This can be shown in source B which is the programmata from the House of Loreius Tiburtinus, Pompeii.
Events which stretch as far back as the reforms of the Gracchi brothers’ meant that the Rome was facing a Republic that was already deteriorating before Pompey had stepped into power. While Pompey’s quest for power was harmful, many other factors were also baleful to the Republic, and were hence instrumental in its decline. Gnaeus Pompeius’s measures to gain power were harmful because it was primarily a paradox to the principles of being part of a Republic with all its notions of shared and short power. The fundamental reason why there were other reasons for the decline of the system are that the military power was given to him, the already weak Senate, and the fact that Pompey was not the only player in the breakdown of the Republic due to the alliances he had made with Crassus and Caesar.
To truly understand the cities of Vesuvius one must envision the social structure, which made these cities distinct from Imperial Rome and even more peculiar to the modern mind. Life may have ceased within the cities but it was the volcanic debris of 79AD that literally froze everything in time, preserving one of ancient Rome’s most contemporary societies of its era. Contrary to the Roman capital, Pompeii and Herculaneum’s social hierarchy had the most mobility and freedom than any other society as opposed to the unyielding social structure of Rome. Likewise, these ancient cities population of 8-10 thousand was divided into three broad categories: slaves, those freed from slavery (freedmen), and freeborn citizens. According to the existing
In my opinion this book is not the evaluation of how approximately fifty million people from two thousand years ago thought about the world that they lived in at the time, but about how a few dozen men wrote about it, in a viewpoint illustrative of only a few thousand. In order to support her view, Edith Hamilton tries to bring these people together, threading together their common thoughts and ideologies. Save for the fact that this book only represents a handful of Roman citizens and the way that they saw the world in which they lived, I do feel like I got a better understanding of the “Roman Way” and the way that life was back then. Along with the history that I learned in class on the subject it makes me be able to picture it better in my mind’s-eye.
Tacitus tells us in the introduction to his Annales that his intent is to “relate a little about Augustus, Tiberius, et cetera” and to in fact do so “sine ira et studio” -- without bitterness or bias.1 Experience, however, tells us that this aim is rarely executed, and that we must be all the more suspicious when it is stated outright. Throughout the Annales, Tacitus rather gives the impression that his lack of bias is evidenced by his evenhanded application of bitterness to all his subjects. But is this really the case? While Tacitus tends to apply his sarcastic wit universally – to barbarian and Roman alike – this is not necessarily evidence of lack of bias. Taking the destruction of Mona and Boudicca's revolt (roughly 14.28-37) as a case study, it is evident that through epic allusion, deliberate diction, and careful choice of episodes related, Tacitus reveals his opinion that the Roman war machine first makes rebels by unjust governance, and then punishes them.
In regard to the political life, only male citizens could vote and citizenship was not open to all, this is evident through inscriptions, electoral graffiti and building remains. The establishment of the cursus honorrum created the political career pathway of the role of particular magistrates and town councils in Pompeii and Herculaneum. On the top of the hierarchy is the Praefectus, which dealt with urgent situations and was paramount in its usage after the eruption of 62 AD. The next office was the Duumviri, which is presented in source D who was responsible for providing spectacle public games at their own expense, also the administration of justice and presiding over council meetings. They also conducted a census every 5 years and made decisions on public buildings, roads, and collected fines.
The provided quote is correct to a certain extent. This quote can be divided into two halves that each hold a different amount depending on which type of religion they are linked to. These religions are household, state, local and foreign religion. The first half of the quote states that the two cities provide a huge amount of sources. This is true for household religion as there are many sources that can be found at both which show examples of household worship. The second half of the quote is partially correct as this only applies to household religion. Although, there are only a few issues regarding state, foreign and local religion in relation to their limitations, reliability and their levels of usefulness.
Pompeii erupted in 79 A.D. When Pompeii erupted, the whole city was destroyed. After it erupted, volcanic ashes completely covered the city, preserving the buildings and bodies. The eruption exposed the city’s 20,000 in population (of the city) to blasts of hot air with temperatures of up to 482.00ºF, which was hot enough to kill even those people who were hiding inside stone buildings. People have forgotten that Pompeii was even real, and it laid buried under the ground for hundreds of years and archaeologists are still working on the site of Pompeii to this day. People today still question
Located on the west coast of Italy (Campania) near Naples, Pompeii has been one of the most attractive cities to visit by tourists. Since its settlement, the region appealed to the high-class travelers of the Roman aristocracy. Ancient Greeks established at Pompeii’s area, about 14 miles southeast from Naples, in the 8th century B.C. The site was a privileged area where people frequently visited to enjoy the sun and beautiful surroundings. Pompeii’s history is different from any other city we know. Mount Vesuvius is an active volcano that lies in the bay of Naples (Pompeii is located in the southeastern base of Mount Vesuvius) and has erupted more than fifty times. In the year 79A.D, Mount Vesuvius erupted violently. Approximately 20,000 people lived in Pompeii
The Graeco-Roman mentality of history having a cyclic nature as opposed to a linear progression can be utilised to form the basis of Pompeii’s significance to archaeology (Breisach, 2008 p. 46-7). Initiated by archaeologists such as Giuseppe Fiorelli, detailed site classification has aided archaeologists in the processing and analysis of evidence (Renfrew and Bahn, 2006 p. 24). Pompeii is one of the earliest examples of this. The size of the site has presented unique challenges to archaeologists throughout history, particularly in regard to the preservation of artefacts. Poor preservation and restoration techniques have created challenges for archaeologists in recent times, but have increased our knowledge of reliable methods (Wallace, 2012
The entrance of the exhibit stresses that Pompeii is such an important archeological find because so many artefacts were perfectly preserved from being buried underneath volcanic ash from the day of the eruption in the year 79 until the beginning of excavation in the 1700s. This point illustrated by a Roman bust in near perfect
The Roman Empire was one of the strongest civilizations during its twelve century history.The three most important contributions to their strengths were a perfect location which provided an abundance of resources, powerful leaders such as Julius Caesar that focused on military might so they could conquer other civilizations, and a far more advanced architecture than their neighbors. The history of Rome is so important because they are one of the greatest civilizations to have ever existed and there are reasons to why they were so successful. Looking back at what they did could show us how to be just as powerful as Rome was.
Today, the Colosseum still stands, but in ruins. It now serves as a tourist attraction. Thousands of tourists from all over the world come to see this ancient stadium. This Colosseum is standing proof of the great architecture and engineering that the Romans possessed. Even today, in a world of skyscrapers, the Colosseum is very impressive. One of Rome’s most popular tourist attractions, The Colosseum tells very much about Roman culture. Even in ruins, the Colosseum continues to stand as a great marvel and a spectacular artifact.
Mount Vesuvius is a strato-volcano consisting of a volcanic cone (Gran Cono) that was built within a summit caldera (Mount Somma). The Somma-Vesuvius complex has formed over the last 25,000 years by means of a sequence of eruptions of variable explosiveness, ranging from the quiet lava outpourings that characterized much of the latest activity (for example from 1881 to 1899 and from 1926 to 1930) to the explosive Plinian eruptions, including the one that destroyed Pompeii and killed thousands of people in 79 A.D. At least seven Plinian eruptions have been identified in