Political Advocacy in Anarchist Punk Music
Anarchist political advocacy has been a driving force in punk music since its emergence in the 1970s. Although the basic philosophy has remained unchanged, punks have significantly altered the ways they espouse their beliefs, over time becoming more militant and directly confrontational with those that hold power. This paper attempts use quantitative and qualitative analysis to determine how significantly anarcho-punk political advocacy has changed between the early 1980s and present day. Additionally, this paper argues that increased militancy is a byproduct of the progressive masculinization of punk music, which generates confusion over political roles. This role confusion results in failed political advocacy and counterproductive outcomes.
Nature of Study
The bands selected to represent the United Kingdom from the late 70s and early 80s are Crass, Gang of Four, and the X-Ray Spex. Contemporary American punk is represented by Against All Authority, Against Me!, and Strike Anywhere. The British bands are well-known, archetypal early punk bands, from three distinct geographic areas, making them a fair cross-section of the subculture at the time. The American bands represent three different styles of punk music, frequently tour, and are internationally known among the subculture. Additionally, their records are backed by strong distribution networks and can be purchased in major music chain stores, making them an example of politically-charged punk music that is readily accessible to most interested listeners. All of the bands in the study express anarchist political views.
Power Play: Political Advocacy in Anarchist Punk Music
Using random sampling, ten songs were sel...
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...ture, which was built around ie, the household led by the male head of house.
16 To a great extent, these values privilege males at the expense of females and other males. Thus, the values that are acquired are those of competition, violence, sexism, and inequality.
17 Robert O. Keohane, `International Relations Theory: Contributions of a Feminist Standpoint," in Gender and International Relations. P. 44.
18 Take for example the Richmond Police Department's violent suppression of the Critical Mass bicycle rides or the essential lack of public credibility lent to the AAA-sponsored Tooth Fairy Project. Both efforts have received relatively little media attention or support outside of small punk enclaves.
19 Nancy Hirschmann, "Freedom, Recognition, and Obligation: A Feminist Approach to Political Theory," American Political Science Review, 83, 1989. p. 1231
...ricia icarioides missionensis is one method that will allow scientists to understand which areas the butterflies are more populous in order to determine which areas need more protection. Monitoring will also help scientists know which conditions need to be mimicked in order to create a stable environment for the butterflies. Enhancing the Icaricia icarioides missionensis habitat is another plan that can assist in repopulating the species. It will create environments that are conducive to the goal of repopulation. A third plan is the relocation of Icaricia icarioides missionensis butterflies. This plan will remove them from their currently endangered habitats and reintroduce them to a similar, but safer habitat. In conclusion these are three methods with which human beings can attempt to reverse some of the damage they have caused to Icaricia icarioides missionensis.
Breast cancer is one of the most common and important diseases that affect women and ovarian cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality in American women1. These cancers are triggered by germline mutations on the C-terminal of a gene called BRCA1 (or “Breast Cancer 1, Early Onset Gene”) tumor suppressor. The BRCA1 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 17 at region 2 band 1, consists of 24 exons and encodes a multidomain protein of 1863 amino acid residues in human2. The BRCA1 proteins produced from BRCA1 gene help preventing cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way3. The family of BRCA1 genes is called RING-type zinc fingers or RNF. The BRCA1 protein is characterized within the superfamily of Rad9-like proteins which consist of C-terminal BRCT repeats that assist in the binding of phosphorylated proteins in the DNA damage response and DNA repair4. Like many other genes involved in familial cancer, BRCA1 appears to encode a tumor suppressor, a protein that acts as a negative regulator of tumor growth1. BRCA1 proteins are important in genomic stability so loss of their function can cause genetic instability which lead to tumourigenesis. Thus, the sequence of BRCA1 protein is analyzed to the understanding the protein’s function in the development of the cancers.
King, B. G., Cornwall, M., &Dahlin, E. C. (2005). Winning woman suffrage one step at a time: Social movements and the logic of the legislative process. Social Forces, 83(3), 1211-1234.
The controversy over whether or not violence portrayed on television actually affects children or not has been playing itself out for nearly three decades. When some of the first results came out in the 60s and 70s that made the first connections between aggressive behavior and viewing televised violence, the TV and movie industries denied that there was a connection. When studies found the same thing in the 80s, the FCC opposed any regulation (Hepburn). A writer for Direct Ma...
Coakley, J. J., & Donnelly, P. (2007). Violence in Sports . Sports in society: issues & controversies (9th ed., pp. 198-199). Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
College athletes should be paid! College athletes are often considered to be some of the luckiest students in the world. Most of them receiving all inclusive scholarships that cover all the costs of their education. They are also in a position to make a reputation for themselves in the sporting world preparing them for the next step. The ongoing debate whether student athletes should be paid has been going on for years. These athletes bring in millions of dollars for their respective schools and receive zero in return. Many will argue that they do receive payment, but in reality it is just not true. Costs associated with getting a college education will be discussed, information pertaining to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and benefits student athletes receive. First, I’ll start with costs associated with college and most of all why student athletes should be paid!
A question that has been rising to the surface lately is “should college athletes be paid a salary?” One cannot get on the internet now a day and not see some kind of college sport headline. The world of college sports has been changed greatly the past decade due to college athletes. These athletes make insurmountable amounts of money and an unbelievable amount of recognition for the universities. The athletes that provide and make a ton of revenue for the colleges also spend a huge amount of their time practicing and staying committed to sports, and have to maintain good grades in school which requires quite a bit of overtime. Because college athletes generate massive amounts of revenue and put in massive amounts of personal time for their individual universities, colleges need to financially compensate players for their contributions. The colleges that these superstars represent are reaping all of the benefits of the accomplishments the athletes have, yet the big named players are making nothing from what they do.
YOUNGS, Gillian, ‘Feminist International Relations: A Contradiction in Terms? Or: Why Women and Gender are Essential to
Kim E Nielsen. "Book Review of Belle Moskowitz: Feminine Politics and the Exercise of Power in the Age of Alfred E. Smith, and: No Place for a Woman: A Life of Senator Margaret Chase Smith, and: Barbara Jordan: American Hero." Feminist Formations, Fall 2001, 205.
This article also brings to light an article that was published in Time in 1977 called “Anthems of the Blank Generation” (Bergeron). In this Time article CNN illuminates Time’s interpretation on punk rock back in 1977. CNN recaptures Time’s analysis when Time reported that kids across the globe are dancing provocatively, screaming to the loud, violent sounds of punk, dressing is inappropriate clothes that are severely torn and in the need of mending, and their hair is often greasy and dyed in colorful arrays (Bergeron). The final point I would like to draw out of this article is another Time’s article that draws on a punk group, the Sex Pistols. This Time’s article is from 1978 and called “The Sex Pistols Are Here” (Bergeron). Again, Time stereotypes the punk rock genre. CNN enlightens us when they bring back quotes from the original Time’s article. Time states that in Britain, punk is a prominent voice and at times a vice for the middle class youth that are having trouble finding work and don’t give a damn about long-established customs of their motherland
McCann, C. R. & Kim S. (2013), Feminist Theory Reader: Local and Global Perspectives (3rd ed.) (pp 161-173).
The popularity of professional wrestling programs has sky rocketed since the early nineties, and with it so has the popularity of the regular weekly programs that depict it. This is good for business of course, more viewers means more money. But with the rise in popularity of these programs there has also been a rise in violence and incidents that are related to these programs as well. The die-hard fans of professional wrestling will argue that there is no real danger in performing the acts they see in the show, or that there is no way that these shows could cause violence in viewers because it is clearly fake. And they have a valid point, there is no real danger if you are a trained professional who has been practicing the techniques for years and know how to properly perform them. Fans will argue that there is no problem with the shows, that there is no violence being caused by them but the scholars would argue otherwise. Psychologists such as Matthew Bernthal (Bernthal 2005) and Jablonski (Jablonski 1995) have both done research that would argue against these die-hard fans, that have specific examples of violence in viewers and could prove there may indeed be a problem with viewing these programs regularly. This is where my research paper comes into play, is there indeed a problem? Do these programs prevent unnecessary violence? And if so, how do they cause it? Even though the fans will say that the programs are harmless and don’t cause violence in the viewers as long as they understand it is fake, there is indeed research that proves that these professional wrestling programs have caused violent acts in viewers and this research is able to provide specific examples and studies that prove it.
Sport and aggressive behavior, Do sports create aggressive behavior, or simply attract people who are already aggressive? Aggression and sport have gone together as long as sports have been around, be it the players themselves, to the parents, coaches, or spectators, they just seem to be an inseparable part of each other. The term violence is defined as physical assault based on total disregard for the well being of self and others, or the intent to injure another person (2. Coakley). Intimidation usually does not cause physical harm, but often is designed to produce psychological consequences, enabling one person to physically over power or dominate another. These statements as defined by the author, Jay J. Coakley, is what people today have made a must part on sport. Pleasure and participation sports absolutely cannot be grouped with power and performance sports when in relation to aggression. Pleasure sports are simply played for pleasure. Score is usually not kept. The athletes participating are usually on occasion doing it for fun and exercise. A majority of athletes who have been playing sports since they were little, have probably been pounded into their heads that to be successful in sport, you need to be aggressive, and at some times, unnecessary. Also that to get what you want, you have to go at it with all force. Not that this is wrong but, this attitude in today's society has been a major problem factor to the athletes when they get older, to get into trouble with the law. Those long-term effects of so-called discipline, patterns develop these destructive behaviors. (9. Montague) Although some people are still in belief that aggressive behaviors in all forms are grounded into instincts, but they also relate these actions to sports. Their parents played, who were known for their aggressive behavior, so the child feels that they have to live up to that expectation.( 6. Storr) Athletes do have to be aggressive to a point, so that the team can form a strategy to win. There is also a limit to aggression when it turns into violence. People might say that it's not aggression or violence, its just adrenaline pumping. Adrenaline isn't even similar to violence. Aggression, maybe, but nothing that would be harmful to anyone else. This might be a factor to why contact sports are so popular. For example, football, hockey, rugb...
The concept of sex education is argued many different ways; however, a conclusion can be reached that abstinence only sex education does not work, and something needs to be changed about the school systems in which that is the only option offered. Most kids do not understand the changes happening in their bodies, and certain urges and sensations that they may be feeling. In addition, they need to be able to differentiate a safe versus unsafe sexual relationship and how to practice safe sex. Most parents of elementary school-aged children are apprehensive to the idea of giving their children sex education because they believe it will encourage their children to be sexually active at a young age; however, sex education throughout
... for granted. Therefore, it is without a doubt that the incorporation of gender would enrich international relations theory. Tickner, in her critique of Morgenthau has attempted to depict the gender-bias prevalent within the field. By building on Morgenthau’s founding principles in political realism and of international politics, Tickner makes an insightful contribution to the field of international relations by challenging pre-existing paradigms. She is open to Morgenthau’s masculine-embedded principles, and does not refute them but ultimately contends that for complete comprehension of international politics, masculine and feminine contributions must be equally represented. Without a feminist perspective, an incomplete picture of international politics is painted. Feminist perspectives improve our analysis, knowledge and understanding of international politics.