Introduction: When a change is created through the insertion of a gene into an organism to change the organism’s trait and/or expression it is known as Gene Transformation. Bacteria will be transformed with a gene which codes for (GFP) Green Fluorescing Protein in this experiment. Bacteria containing the gene GFP will be combined with them to cause them to glow bright-green when exposed to ultraviolet light (Nobel, A. 2000) Plasmid DNA contained genes for one or more traits that may be beneficial to survival. In this lab, pGLO is resistant to ampicillin which is antibiotic. GFP, the gene, can be “switched” on in genetically transformed cells, by adding arabinose, a type of sugar, to the cells’ nutrient medium (Weedman, 2014) Cells that are successfully transformed will colonize, by growing on plates with LB/amp, and appear white on plates without arabinose when exposed to Ultraviolet Light. It stands to hypothetical reasoning, that If bacteria with +pGLO plasmids that are resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin and have the gene for GFP, colonies will survive and grow on the transformation plates that have LB/amp. In addition, +pGLO bacteria on a plate with LB/amp/ara will grow and glow green under ultraviolet light because of the inclusion of arabinose which switches on GFP. In the control plates, -pGLO …show more content…
+pGLO bacteria on the plate with LB/amp/ara grew and glowed green when the sample was exposed to the sample likely due to the inclusion of arabinose which activated and expressed the GFP gene. The –pGLO bacteria that was ampicillin sensitive failed to grow on the LB/amp plate because it had no resistance to ampicillin which then
Once the recombinant plasmid was obtained, it was then inserted into E. coli cells through transformation. From a successful transformation, we expected the bacterial cells to translate the inserted EGFP sequence into its protein form. The bacteria cultures were plated on petri dishes containing growth supplement, Luria Broth (LB), an antibiotic: Kanamycin, and IPTG which induced the fluorescence property within successfully transformed bacterial colonies. Different variants of the petri dishes were also included as control and unknown.
...et light. If the LAA plate glows green under exposure to ultraviolet light, then we can conclude that our unknown insert piece of DNA would be the kan gene. If it does not glow green under exposure to ultraviolet light, then then we streak the colony from our LAA plate onto the LAC plate using a sterile glass spreader. When the LAC plate is dray, we place it upside down in the microfuge rack so that it can be incubated at 37 ºC. Incubation at 37 ºC will allow the transformed bacterial cells to grow. If we see bacterial growth on the LA plate containing chloramphenicol, we can conclude that our unknown insert piece of DNA would be the cat gene, since the cat gene is resistant to chloramphenicol. Afterwards, we then grab the microfuge tube labeled NP and repeat the aforementioned steps shown above pertaining to the LA plates. This would be considered our control.
They can be found anywhere and identifying them becomes crucial to understanding their characteristics and their effects on other living things, especially humans. Biochemical testing helps us identify the microorganism present with great accuracy. The tests used in this experiment are rudimentary but are fundamental starting points for tests used in medical labs and helps students attain a better understanding of how tests are conducted in a real lab setting. The first step in this process is to use gram-staining technique to narrow down the unknown bacteria into one of the two big domains; gram-negative and gram-positive. Once the gram type is identified, biochemical tests are conducted to narrow down the specific bacterial species.
The Enuma Elish myth begins with gender equality, with both sexes, contributing equally to the creation of the gods. However, throughout the myth there is a continuous battle between the feminine and the masculine roles. Ultimately, the masculine role wins the battle with the feminine role, Tiamat, paying for it with her life. Tiamat’s transformation is the basis of this struggle between the traditional feminine and masculine roles. Tiamat’s main transition is from motherly into monstrous. When Tiamat fails to meet her role as a wife and a mother she is transformed into an evil figure meant to be hated. In the conclusion of the myth, Tiamat’s body is used in creation by Murduk. This shows how femininity and masculinity both have a place in creation myths.
Therefore colonies containing the non-recombinant pUC19 plasmid have a functional lacz’ gene appear blue on the agar and colonies containing recombinant pUC19 would have a non-functional lacz’ gene due to insertional inactivation and appear white on the growing medium.
When thinking of birds, visualizing them building their nests in cacti certainly isn't the first thing that comes to mind. In the book, The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver, metaphorically everyone is constantly building their nests in cacti, and evolving from their experiences. From living in attics to taking trips across the country with no destination, characters in this book don't live what society considers the “conventional American lifestyle.” Growing and thriving in unexpected and unusual places and ways is nothing but average throughout the book. Taylor, despite unorthodox living arrangements or lifestyle, shows how living things are able to find methods of growing and changing. From great change in location to change within oneself, idiosyncratic development shapes the voyage this book takes.
In Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong, Tim O'Brien gives a dynamic example of how even the deep roots of ones culture can be modified. The focus is on the young lady, whose boyfriend manages to have her shipped over to Vietnam from the U.S. She is then thrown into a completely foreign culture that thousands of American GI's were experiencing. This change in culture affected the strongest and most skilled of America's ground troops. The affects on a civilian are almost unfathomable.
Just as butterflies transform and evolve, so did Alice Walker’s main character in The Color Purple. Cellie, the main character, had transformed and evolved in the story. Throughout Alice Walker’s novel, The Color Purple, Cellie went through four stages, and transformed from a weak girl into an independent woman. This novel showed how Cellie’s wings were cut in childhood, but she managed to fly with independence.
The synthetic A and B chains are then inserted into the bacteria’s gene for B-galactosidase, which is carried in the vectors plasmid. The vector for the production of insulin is a weakened strain of the common bacteria Escherichia coli, usually called E. coli. The recombinant plasmids are then reintroduced to the E. coli cells. As the B-galactosidase replicates in a cell undergoing mitosis the insulin gene is expressed. To yield substantial amounts of insulin millions of the bacteria possessing the recombinant plasmid are required.
Bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics is a major problem not only for the United States, but worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) the cause is related to “widespread overuse, as well as inappropriate use, of antibiotics that is fueling antibiotic resistance”. According to World Health Organization (2013) resistance is a global concern for several reasons; it impedes the control of infectious diseases, increases healthcare costs, and the death rate for patients with resistant bacterial infections is twice of those with non-resistant bacterial infections.
Antibiotic resistance is bacteria’s loss of susceptibility to the bactericidal or growth-inhibiting properties of an antibiotics. When a resistant strain of bacteria is the dominant strain in an infection, the infection may be untreatable and deadly he primary mechanisms of bacterial gene transfer are transduction and conjugation. Transduction occurs when a bacterial virus, called a bacteriophage, detaches from one bacterial cell, carrying with it some of that bacterium’s genome, and then infects another cell. When the bacteriophage inserts its genetic content into the genome of the next bacterium, the previous bacterium’s DNA also is incorporated into the genome. Conjugation occurs when two bacteria come into physical contact with each other and a plasmid, sometimes carry...
On the other hand, cells that have resistance from the start or acquire it later may survive. At the same time, when antibiotics attack disease-causing bacteria, they also attack benign bacteria. This process eliminates drug-susceptible bacteria and favors bacteria that are resistant. Two things happen, populations of non-resistant and harmless bacteria are diminished, and because of the reduction of competition from these harmless and/or susceptible bacteria, resistant forms of disease-causing bacteria proliferate. As the resistant forms of the bacteria proliferate, there is more opportunity for genetic or chromosomal mutation (spontaneous DNA mutation (1)) or transformation, that comes about either through a form of microbial sex (1) or through the transference of plasmids, small circles of DNA (1), which allow bacteria to interchange genes with ease.
Many people are not worthy of the title ‘honest tradesman’. One man, by the name of Jerry Cruncher has the job title of ‘honest tradesman’, but he is not honest or respectable at all. However, by the end of A Tale of Two Cities, Jerry Cruncher undergoes this huge transformation whereby he achieves the title of ‘honest tradesman’. This transformation is brought about by his change in attitude, but, however, it is most brought out by when Dickens refers to Jerry by ‘Jerry’ or ‘Mr. Cruncher’. Because Dickens only refers to Jerry as ‘Mr. Cruncher’ when he is near people of equal or lower class than him or for humorous reasons, there is a huge change at the end of the book which signifies the transformation of Jerry into Mr. Cruncher.
Luis is an athletic and determined young man, who is making the most of his high school career. Transitioning is a challenge for most and for Luis this was compounded by an event that seriously affected his family’s lives. He is a student who has not been dealt the most promising hand, but has adjusted extremely well. Luis has shown consistent and steady growth throughout his high school career. Most importantly he has learned how keep all areas of his life in a balance. The determination that he has shown is to be admired and a model for others. He is a delight to talk with and has a wonderful personality.
Globo is the most influential channel in Brazil and the fourth largest network in the world, but it has been exerting a strong impact for decades, ever since its creation (Mattos). Globo was a shady company from the start; in 1965, an American company, Time Life, invested U$ 6 million in the Globo TV Station, but a parliamentary investigation discovered that the partnership was done under illegal terms. Unlike other companies, Globo did not need to pay interest, so their partnership was dissolved a couple years later (Mattos). Roberto Marinho, Globo’s owner and founder, easily gained many viewers because of the large capital invested, while its competitor and second largest Brazilian channel, TV Tupi, had had a budget of only U$300,000 (Beyond Citizen Kane).