Pathophysiology: Cryptorchidism

Pathophysiology
I do not know for certain whether John’s condition was congenital or not however one of the possibilities is that John may have Cryptorchidism which is a congenital disorder where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum. (Wilkins and Williams, 2010) It affects 30% of premature male neonates and 3% term babies. (Wilkins and Williams, 2010) In 80% of the cases the testicles fall into place, however some do not resolve by self and needs surgery, the earlier it is done the higher the success rate, up to 95%. (Wilkins and Williams, 2010)
Hamilton health services (2013) described orchidopexy as a ‘surgery to bring a testicle down into its normal position in the scrotum.’ NHS Choices (2013) estimated 1 in every 25 boys

Roper-Logan-Tierney’s model of living combines activities that most people consider a part of ‘living’ such as breathing, eating and drinking, sleeping etc and altogether there are 12 ‘Activities of Living’ (AL) (Roper et al, 2003). Cardinal Stritch University (2014) stated the 12 activities of living represent the activities the individual does whether ill or well.
I chose Roper-Logan-Tierney’s AL because it focuses on helping the individual by responding to potential or actual problem in maintaining their AL and preventing said problems. (Roper et al, 2003) Also because the care that John receives are to ensure his everyday living goes on, as much as possible, even with his condition/surgery as the nursing care is focused with helping the individual cope positively with problems that cannot be solved. (Roper et al, 2003) His operation will limit his daily normal activity for next few weeks and also his cleansing will be affected as the wound site should remain dry and clean to prevent infection. (NHS Choices, 2013

(Royal United Hospital Bath Trust, 2007) Hence I chose breathing and maintain safe environment as in this stage they are the most important and also because ‘surgery causes physiological stress’ in the body. (Torrance and Serginson 2000 as cited in Huges, 2004) Immediate post-operatively, it carries the risks of shock and haemorrhage and my primary goal is to ensure that John’s recovery is as well as possible. (Newton, 1991 and Huges, 2004 and Nursing Times, 2013) And also his surgery was under general anaesthesia hence it is important to observe for any signs of changes in respiration that could indicate respiratory depression/failure. In order to maintain safe environment for John, his breathing would also come under same topic as if his breathing is impeded then his safety is not