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Economic and social impact of the first world war
Economic results of world war one
Economic and social impact of the first world war
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Part A: Plan Of Investigation: This historical investigation will assess the role that the consequences of a war of attrition and trench warfare played on the terms drafted by the Allies within the Treaty of Versailles, by answering the question, “To what extent did the labours of trench warfare and the subsequent war of attrition lead to the decision made against Germany at the Paris Peace Conference by the Big Three?” The political and economic effect of the war on the different Allied nations led to different intentions at the Conference. To evaluate the opposing goals of nations at the conference, the contrasting views of Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the goals of David Lloyd George and Georges Clemenceau at the Conference will be assessed. Social devastation was also a factor in the decisions made at the conference, as will be evaluated through death and casualty rates of both sides involved in the war, as recorded by the American Public Broadcasting Service. This will all be assessed to evaluate the effect on the direct clauses from the Treaty itself, including the War Guilt Clause, thereby evaluating the political, economic, and social affects trench warfare had on the Allies. Part B: Summary Of Evidence: Economic Effect: • 1914-1920, industrial production in Britain, and France decreased: 12%, 34% • “The Allies' traditional markets had been lost to the United States and Japan” • French national debt 1914-1922; $6.5 billion-$27.8 billion • British debt: $3.4 billion-$34.2 billion • US was owed $10 billion by the end of the war, had actually profited Social Effects: • French suffered most casualties: 1.4 million dead, 6.2 million casualties, 73.3% casualty rate • Britain lost 900,000 men, 3.1 million casualties.... ... middle of paper ... ...Law, History and Diplomacy, accessed November 2, 2013.http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/wilson14.asp. Schwabe, Klaus. Woodrow Wilson, Revolutionary Germany, and Peacemaking, 1918-1919: Missionary Diplomacy and the Realities of Power, trans. Rita Kimber and Robert Kimber. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1985. “Treaty of Versailles: Articles 159-213 and Annexes.” First World War.com - A Multimedia History of World War One, accessed November 2, 2013. http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/versailles159-213.htm. “Treaty of Versailles: Articles 231-247 and Annexes.” First World War.com - A Multimedia History of World War One, accessed November 2, 2013. http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/versailles231-247.htm. “Treaty of Versailles,” History, accessed November 2, 2013. http://www.history.co.uk/study-topics/history-of-ww2/treaty-of-versailles.
"World War II". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. .
In his book, “Woodrow Wilson Revolution, War, and Peace” by Arthur Link, Link walks step by step through President Woodrow Wilson’s career beginning from the time he was born and focuses on his role during and after World War I. Through his entire book, Link acts as an apologist for the actions of Wilson as well as argues against the opinions of other historians. Link speaks about Wilson almost as if he idolizes him; as if despite what other historians and public opinion might say that he can do no wrong.
context of world war 1 it was when the French and German sides dug in
Hitler's Aims and Actions as the Cause of World War II When considering the reasons for the outbreak of war in 1939 it is easy to place the entire blame on Hitler’s aggressive foreign policy in the late 1930s. One British historian, writing a few years after the end of the war, claimed that ‘the Second World War was Hitler’s personal war, in that he intended it, he prepared for it, he chose the moment for launching it.’ In this assignment it is my intention to show that Hitler’s foreign policy was a major factor in causing the conflict but that other reasons, both long term and short term, need to be recognised as well. Probably the first factor that need considering is the Treaty of Versailles, of 1919.
"Treaty of Versailles, Text of Article 231, the "War Guilt Clause"" Facing History. Facing History and Ourselves, n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2013.
“Given these results, the Versailles treaty must be judged one of history’s greatest catastrophes”. The treaty of Versailles was one of the worst treaties or even agreement that the United States and their allies ever agreed to. The treaty of Versailles was the end result of WW1 between the Allies (England, France, Russia, United States) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire). WW1 was the first time in history that multiple nations all over the world fought against each other through alliances and because that caused major blood shed on a scale that was never seen before and is therefore called “The War to End All Wars”. The Allies eventually won the war on 11 November 1918 that was than preceded by the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June
The Treaty of Versailles is an example of how the neglect of principles proposed by the Catholic Church, namely social restoration, just accords, long-term security and physical reconstruction, can lead to lasting global repercussions and future wars. The sanctions were enforced in the hope of slowing German recovery and eliminating future conflict. However, the United States didn’t sign this treaty because we recognized that it didn’t give the Germans a fair deal or promote long-term security (Treaty).
The Origins of the Second World War, by A.J.P. Taylor, proposes and investigates unconventional and widely unaccepted theories as to the underlying causes of World War Two. Taylor is British historian who specialized in 20th century diplomacy, and in his book claims that as a historian his job is to “state the truth” (pg. xi) as he sees it, even if it means disagreeing with existing prejudices. The book was published in 1961, a relatively short time after the war, and as a result of his extreme unbias the work became subject to controversy for many years.
The Treaty of Versailles, one of the most controversial international agreements(“D.1. The Treaty of Versailles."), had been negotiated between January and June of 1919 (History. Staff). Although it was negotiated between January and June, the Treaty of Versailles was officially signed on June 28, 1919 (Hashall) at Versailles, a suburb of Paris (Benson). This treaty involved Germany and all allies of World War I (Benson). The peace agreement was established to aid in the termination of World War I.
The Treaty of Versailles is one of the most controversial postwar resolutions ever drawn up. The leaders of the prevailing 4 nations, Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George, and Vittorio Orlando, were the authors of this controversial document. Each leader went into Versailles with their own idea of how the world should look after the great war. However, the European leaders widely agreed that Germany should be restricted, to some extent, militarily and sanctioned economically. France demanded the most from Germany, to ensure that Germany could not recreate a war machine ever again. Specifically, France wanted to annex Alsace-Lorraine and the Rhineland to create a buffer zone between Germany and mainland France. France demanded
The Second World War was caused by Germany’s desire to revoke the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 and Hitler’s relentless quest for empire. This was considered a valid response to why the war began in 1939, until 1961 when A. J. P Taylor...
...eaknesses to win their loyalty. Finally, the written agreement of Versailles was purported to represent the peaceful ending to warfare I, however, it became the prelude to a different war. it had been originally an attempt to revive order and supply a peaceful conclusion to warfare I. The sick feelings and economic upheaval that resulted provided the proper climate for Hitler's dominance, in post-war FRG. The contributor’s participants of Versailles had alternative motives behind the peace agreement apart from a peace settlement. Their stingy actions resulted in not solely the economic hardship of FRG, however inflation and state altogether of Europe. The severity of the reparations contained during this document set the stage for history to repeat itself. Therefore the terribly method within which the written agreement of Versailles was forced on the German people.
“Signing the Treaty of Versailles, 1919.” Signing the Treaty of Versailles, 1919. Ibis Communications, Inc., 2005. Web. 11 Nov. 2013.
World War I was ultimately ended in 1918 after the Treaty of Versailles was signed. Peace settlements were signed on June 28, 1918 at the Hall of Mirror in Versailles, Paris. The Treaty was an agreement among the United States, Great Britain, and France. Woodrow Wilson, George Clemenceau, and David Lloyd, who represented the "Big Three" countries, collaborated in negotiating the Treaty. The Treaty of Versailles was designed to weaken Germany and give Germany full blame for causing the war. The Treaty implemented massive reparations to Germany which would obliterate Germany's economy, notwithstanding the millions of dead allied soldiers. The settlement strictly limited the German's military. Germans were additionally forced to depart from their homes in Russia, Poland, and Alsace-Lorraine and return to Germany or Austria. Furthermore Germany had to give back any land belonging to other countries. With no alternative, Germany signed the peace settlements. The Treaty of Versailles was undoubtedly justified, Germany was positively the main instigator of the war and its excessive brutality of fighting provoked the war more particularly. Thus, making the amends to Germany was rational because of all the destruction Germany had triggered.
It has been almost a century since the first Paris Peace Conference was hold, but even until now, it is a popular yet also controversial event in the history of the world. The Paris Peace Conference took place in 1919 involving more than 1,000 representatives from over 30 nations. The results of the Conference are five treaties regarding terms that, according to the Conference, shall prevent any upcoming conflicts among nations. Although World War II started only after 15 years, nonetheless, the treaties did function as a buffer between countries. Although many resolutions were discussed, the negotiation of the Conference revolves around four main topics, reparation from the previous war losses or limitations on the main Central Power, Germany, self-recognition, President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, and the annexation of land.