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Modernization processes in Paris history
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Historiographical Report (Paris) Themes: Creative Destruction, Urban Renewal, Modernization Introduction: Paris is one of the oldest and prominent cities of the world. Its istory goes back to 3rd century B.C. Paris was made the capital of France in 508. Since then it became quite an important city in the eyes of the world. The city went through early developments as in the 14th century, Philippe Auguste, a great urban planner, established the walls that surround Paris and he also created the fortress of the Louvre. Paris went through a number of developments in the middle of 16th century as the capital had renaissance constructions and it became more beautiful. The walls that encompassed the city were constantly being expanded to hold the constant increase in the population of the city. These developments included the formation of new style of The largely prevailing traffic problems that existed in the city were solving to a great extent. New jobs were created as a result of the development of the city and the employment level of the city also soared. Moreover, the water supply also increased and more percentage of the population had now access to clean water supply. The sewerage system also improved considerably and the pollution levels diminished as a result of that. Before 1850, the economy of Paris mainly depended on the manufacturing sector. But the renewal of the city shifted the dependence of the economy more towards the services sector. This was largely caused by the increased leisurely activities and entertainment services provided by the Parisian for the consumers. These events and activities induced interest from all over Paris as well as many other parts of the France. These developments led to the increase in the share of the services sector in the economy of the city and propelled Paris towards development and
Paris in 1850 was in an precarious condition. In the Prologue, Harvey compares the state of Paris to a double straitjacket, each of which fortified the other. The first straitjacket refers to the economic crisis that occurred during the late 1840’s. During this time, there appeared to be an upsurge of rural workers coming into Paris from the countryside searching for employment or assistance. With this sudden increase in the population of Paris came a high rate of unemployment and an overaccumulation of capital wealth. This surplus of labour, however, was problematic, since employment was scarce in comparison to the population. Predictably, this situation instigated thoughts of reformations in the capitalist system in place. This economic catastrophe, Harvey argues, is one of the reasons that urged Louis-Napoleon and Haussmann to
called the New Paris, or the modern capital of Europe. The streets , buildings and the services
The industrial cities that spawned during and after the birth of the Industrial Revolution were very different from the cities that existed before to the revolution. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, cities were a market where trade goods could be bought and sold. Trappers and hunters would come into towns to sell their goods to shoppers who were eager to obtain these items. Blacksmiths and barbershops, saloons and banks, farmers and stable masters were typically the primary typical businesspersons within a typical pre-industrial revolution city. The traditional American city went through many drastic changes in a short period of time during the Industrial Revolution, and would never be the same. Some may claim that American cities during the Industrial Revolution were suffering due to the sudden growth that they were experiencing. Although American cities were in fact riddled with problems during the Industrial Revolution, the innovations to solve these problems would change the shape of America forever, for the better.
The fairytale depiction of love and romance seems to no longer exist in society. With the growing divorce rate and the increase of loveless marriage, it is rare to find an honest depiction of twenty first century love. Using the relationship of Carol and Howard as a hyperbole to modern day romance, Mavis Gallant explores the theme of algorithmic relationships to develop a commentary on the lack of love in modern day relationships. The characterization of Carol and Howard as an engaged couple lacking love and the use of abstract ideas, analogies, and hyperbole, “The Other Paris” tells the dismal future of relationships.
The phrase Paris capital of modernity refers to the time in the second half of the nineteenth century when Paris was considered one of the most innovative cities in the world. This was largely a result of Haussmann’s renovation of the city between 1851 and 1869. A Prefect of Paris under Napoleon III, he transformed Paris into a city with wide streets, new shops and cafes, and a unified architecture.
The redevelopment by Napoleon III and Haussmann consisted of three major parts: streets and buildings, parks, and services. The first major problem with the city before reconstruction was that the streets were very narrow and wound endlessly around the city. These narrow streets had been a problem in that for many years they had been the battlegrounds for strikes against the French government. Haussmann and Napoleon sought to change this by widening the streets and give more structure to their flow. Haussmann saw streets as having two main purposes. The first was for a place to simply live, shop, and a place to socialize for the growing middle class. The second was a way to connect main points of the city. The streets provided rapid access from the railway stations, government buildings, central markets, hospitals and entertainment districts. It also linked the central organs of administration and businesses such as fire department riot police, ambulances, and department store deliveries. This reconstruction of streets could not be done without great demolition of many private buildings.
We recently watched the film Paris is Burning, a documentary about black drag queens in Harlem and their culture surrounding balls. Directly related we also read two feminist critiques, Gender is Burning: Questions of Appropriation and Subversion by Judith Butler and Is Paris Burning by bell hooks. Two areas of critique I focus on and question are the critiques regarding the filmmaker, audience and drag queens and how they participate to reinforce a heterosexual racist patriarchy. Furthermore I ask if this line of investigation is the most beneficial way to view and understand the film and its various participants.
In chapter 8, the author Barry Bergdoll has written about how urban planners were reinventing new concepts to change and improve urban life as well as solve problems relating to poverty and congestion. The author continues the chapter discussing further in depth problems that occurred in Paris, France. For example, due to the narrow streets in Paris it limited and prevented military officers from stopping riots. However, for Napoleon Bonaparte the narrow streets were in his favor when he overthrew the government. Additionally, Napoleon Bonaparte had a goal to create a new more Modernist architecture layout for Medieval Paris by replacing the old layout. Also, Napoleon Bonaparte’s vision for the city of Paris included widen streets, so that
... town had to supply clean drinking water as well as improved sewage and drainage systems. These short term social problems of sanitation and working conditions resulted in long term social reforms of the Factory Act and The Public Health Act.
Paris is the home of Western World cultures and many famous designers and artist even after the end of world war II United States of America even tried to take over the control and leadership of vital art areas France was still determined to keep the records of the past arts as well as the leadership. ...
The industrial revolution brought an increase population to urbanized areas, with bad living conditions in the city this lead to an absence of public sanitation. This is very different from before the industrial revolution because many people lived far away from urban areas to farm. Also many new social classes were thus created. People had flooded the cities from the countryside and hopes to
During this era, there were also new technologies that were used. One of the new improvements was the assembly line. This helped make the workers more efficient, therefore allowing them to make the company more money. Due to the increase of wealth coming to many industries, the country witnessed an increased flow of immigrants who came into the country in search of better jobs and better ways of living. This caused rapid changes in cities which lead to enhanced architectural and transportation features.
The economy of many nations was grounded on the putting-out system and the cottage-industry, prior the arrival of the Industrial Revolution. Nevertheless following the 17th century, the innovation of the steam engine revolutionized the energy possibility of man. Europe’s cities experienced an upsurge of growth due to this machine. In addition, laissez-fare capitalism was introduced and started to be implemented by numerous governments. As a response of this technical progression and economic revolution, particular altercations occurred fundamentally, and played a negative effect on the criteria of life for the urban and rural working classes. The negative effects caused by these fundamental changes on both working classes played out economically, socially, as well as on the workplace conditions.
In contrast, the architecture at the time represented wealth and stability, traditional enduring values. During this time, there was a lot of social change that came from science and philosophy. The kick from the Industrial Revolution accelerated the trend, even though ideas from the Gothic Style started it. Steam-powered sawmills could now create elaborate materials, cheaper and faster. As a result, houses became increasingly ornate. Lower income families could finally afford tr...
The Industrial Revolution was a time in western cultures when the production of goods became urbanized. Spreading from Great Britain, industrialization had become widespread in Western Europe by the mid-1800’s. France, in particular, progressed in the industrialization process from about 1830 to 1850. Industrialization created an enormous increase in th...