Planners as discussed in both the cases in a negative light in acting ethically in decisions that are directly related to one of most important aspects of American life: segregation. In both the cases, although there was obvious limitations to the way planners act, they are indeed at fault to varying degree.
Baltimore offers a very general issue that many planners face today when it comes to community participation and taking decisions and the quality to the outcomes of these meetings. Although the planners could have gone the distance in understanding the community identity and diversity often times it becomes harder for planners in their roles to wear the hats of sociologists and go about affecting the outcomes through educating the community. Understanding the roots of any community is very important in taking decisions for its future course. The way the planners acted here is more a natural course of action that most of the planners go by today. Baum asks for the planners to be enforcers to be ethical in this case pushing the agenda of common good that is probably ignored by the homeowners that participate for their own self interests. He also says the issue crops when planners do not do more to create the climate for everybody to feel emotionally on the same page for them to feel more comfortable in seeing not just their own interests but others, thereby allowing them to see the diversity in the community without feeling shame or depression.
In my opinion it becomes more than a question of ethics for planners to create the environment Baum was talking about. Often times it is very much difficult to even garner community participation from varied groups for the reasons as diverse as the communities themselves. Even in a hy...
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...ouncil. The quandary that planners seemed to face here was to work with the system of politics. The minutes of the meetings suggests that planners did not do enough to push for the initial proposals that are more evenly distributed. It is also interesting to notice the effect of council members and their vested interests in the regions they were represented. They are not characterized as professionals but when it comes to ethical issues and working towards common good there is no other body that has vested interests in community’s common good. When a political body itself takes decisions that are contrary to planners’ proposals it becomes bigger issue than ethics. But it is to be noted that the planners have to make the decisions objectively taking into consideration all the possible outcomes, in this case the effect on schools and education which they did fail.
...e to breach Supreme Court sovereignty would render the different minorities, residing in the United States, helpless to further governmental legislature justifying racial discrimination. In their struggle to preserve racial inequality segregationists immorally resorted to using violence against children. Through “a sharp realisation of the shameful discrimination directed at small children” the world perceived an inconsistency in a nation that preached freedom for all, though denied the very same right to its children. Ernest Green and the other eight students “learned unmistakably that they possessed irresistible power” during the crisis but only if they realised it and united against discrimination and racism.
The Crossroads development has dominated the local conversation in Mahwah for the past 9 months. Over the past few years, the Crossroads Developers had put forth various proposals for development of the site, only to have them rejected by the Mahwah Township Council. This past March, the Developer once again came to the Council in order to ask that their property be rezoned from office use to mixed-use/retail to allow for the construction of a complex of retail stores, restaurants, a movie theater, hotel and office space. Over 400 residents attended the March 31 meeting to express their opposition to the development. This unprecedented turnout by Mahwah residents, unlike any the Council had seen before, should have been enough for the Council to realize that a decision to rezone the property may not be in the best interests of Mahwah residents. Instead, the Council voted 4-2 to allow for the property to be rezoned.
Based on the pronouncements of the court on May 17, 1954, everyone in the courtroom was shocked after it became clear that Marshall was right in his claim about the unconstitutionality of legal segregation in American public schools. Essentially, this court’s decision became a most important turning point in U.S. history because the desegregation case had been won by an African American attorney. Additionally, this became a landmark decision in the sense that it played a big role in the crumbling of the discriminatory laws against African Americans and people of color in major socioeconomic areas, such as employment, education, and housing (Stinson, 2008). Ultimately, Marshall’s legal achievements contributed significantly to the criminal justice field.
The superintendent and principal are stymied in their efforts to reach a compromise as Mrs. Durnitz refuses to change her position that the policy must be followed to the letter. She appealed to the teachers’ association for support when it appeared that the administration and board might not uphold her position. The local newspap...
However, this is not an equal treatment. The legal analysis of the school segregation should have been in complete violation of the 13th and 14th Amendment, but because of the Plessy case, segregation was unfairly accepted. Jon looks to the future to be positive for African Americans. Because of Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans would finally get away from the tyranny they faced and end segregation. It is unfortunate that the African American people were still mistreated after the enactment of the 13th and 14th Amendments.
The Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) ‘equal but separate’ decision robbed it of its meaning and confirmed this wasn’t the case as the court indicated this ruling did not violate black citizenship and did not imply superior and inferior treatment ,but it indeed did as it openly permitted racial discrimination in a landmark decision of a 8-1 majority ruling, it being said was controversial, as white schools and facilities received near to more than double funding than black facilities negatively contradicted the movement previous efforts on equality and maintaining that oppression on
"Building Partnerships to Revitalize America's Neighborhoods." HBCU Central (Winter 2002): 1-6. Winter 2002. Web. 2 May 2012.
“Simple Justice” was written by Richard Kluger and reviews the history of Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court decision that outlawed segregation, and African America’s century-long struggle for equality under law. It began with the inequities of slavery to freedom bells to the forcing of integration in schools and the roots of laws with affect on African Americans. This story reveals the hate caused the disparagement of African Americans in America over three hundred years. I learned how African Americans were ultimately acknowledged by their simple justice. The American version of the holocaust was presented in the story. In 1954 the different between how segregation and slavery were not in fashion when compared with dishonesty of how educating African American are separate from Caucasian was justified by the various branches of government.
Lasting hatred from the civil war, and anger towards minorities because they took jobs in the north probably set the foundation for these laws, but it has become difficult to prove. In this essay, I will explain how the Separate but Equal Laws of twentieth century America crippled minorities of that time period forever. Separate but Equal doctrine existed long before the Supreme Court accepted it into law, and on multiple occasions it arose as an issue before then. In 1865, southern states passed laws called “Black Codes,” which created restrictions on the freed African Americans in the South. This became the start of legal segregation as juries couldn’t have African Americans, public schools became segregated, and African Americans had restrictions on testifying against majorities.
Housing segregation is as the taken for granted to any feature of urban life in the United States (Squires, Friedman, & Siadat, 2001). It is the application of denying minority groups, especially African Americans, equal access to housing through misinterpretation, which denies people of color finance services and opportunities to afford decent housing. Caucasians usually live in areas that are mostly white communities. However, African Americans are most likely lives in areas that are racially combines with African Americans and Hispanics. A miscommunication of property owners not giving African American groups gives an accurate description of available housing for a decent area. This book focuses on various concepts that relates to housing segregation and minority groups living apart for the majority group.
The request for an injunction pushed the court to make a difficult decision. On one hand, the judges agreed with the Browns; saying that: “Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children...A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn” (The National Center For Public Research). On the other hand, the precedent of Plessy v. Ferguson allowed separate but equal school systems for blacks and whites, and no Supreme Court ruling had overturned Plessy yet. Be...
From slavery to Jim Crow, the impact of racial discrimination has had a long lasting influence on the lives of African Americans. While inequality is by no means a new concept within the United States, the after effects have continued to have an unmatched impact on the racial disparities in society. Specifically, in the housing market, as residential segregation persists along racial and ethnic lines. Moreover, limiting the resources available to black communities such as homeownership, quality education, and wealth accumulation. Essentially leaving African Americans with an unequal access of resources and greatly affecting their ability to move upward in society due to being segregated in impoverished neighborhoods. Thus, residential segregation plays a significant role in
This paper will argue that planners have and are continuously working for market interests by implementing policies favouring markets and also acting as a
The Supreme Court’s ruling of “separate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites in the Plessy v. Ferguson trial was an appalling decision because it legitimized unjust treatment of blacks which was unethical and unconstitutional, and its negative effects remain present in society today (Meta Page Title).
Jacobs views diversity as the number of ways in which limited areas of space are allocated, as opposed to having an inherent racial or cultural connotation. Jacobs emphasizes that various types of business and residences are the elements of prospering city neighborhoods. Jacobs begins to explore three main myths. These myths are arguments often cited by city planners against diversity. To begin, the first myth that Jacobs attempts to discredit is that diversity is unattractive. She repudiates this assertion by saying that the opposite is in fact true, in which homogeneity is unappealing. I believe that it is quite detrimental when city planners attempt to create a contrived atmosphere of diversity in order to conceal the existing homogeneity. This is accomplished by artificially building different shapes and styles of buildings to give outsiders the impression of diversity. Jacobs underscores the flaws of contrived diversity in the following excerpt: