Outbound Tourism Essay

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Tourism

Defined as an act of the marketable society and a process of holidays and trips to destination of interest or the act of a person going to and living in places outside of their comfortable environment for not more than 12 continuous months for leisure, business and other purposes. Tourism can be classified into inbound tourism and outbound tourism. Inbound tourism is defined as consisting of the activities of the non-resident travels to another country and stays not more than 12 months for leisure, business or other purpose (Official Statistics of Finland (OSF), 2014; Serviturex, 2014). The act of outbound tourism which is defined as the activities that residents travels to and stays in places outside of their own residency country and their own comfort zone for the duration of less than 12 months for any kind of purposes (Official Statistics of Finland (OSF), 2014; MAS, 2009). Figure 2.1 shows the inbound and outbound tourism that exist in tourism.

Figure 2.1 Types of tourism

In addition, tourism can also be classified into domestic and international tourism. Domestic tourism can be defined as the act of residents of the country travelling within their residential country but outside of their comfortable zone for not more than 12 months for the purposes of leisure or business (Statistics Finland, 2014; United Nations and World Tourism Organization, 2006). OECD (2006) & United Nations (1999) stated that international tourism can be defined as the total of domestic activities that gives a direct support of the consumption of goods and services of international tourists in the country. Figure 2.2 shows domestic and international tourism that exist in tourism.

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... provides high quality and professional medical care and services, along with advanced facilities with affordable prices (Georgetown Penang, n.d.). In addition, reasonable pricing in Penang Island compared to Singapore and Thailand, Penang Island have attracted medical tourists from Indonesia, Singapore, Japan and United States in 2010. This sums up to more than RM230 million for the states and contributing to 70 percent to Malaysia’s medical tourism’s profit.

Listed by several websites as a highly recommended place to access medical care, Penang became one of the forefront of medical tourism whereby competitive prices of hospitals as well as well-educated community is being produced. Highly trained doctors and nurses who are being staffed in hospitals in Penang are usually educated, trained and board certified in US, Europe and Australia (Visit Penang, 2009).