Introduction
Osteoporosis is a common disease that affects about 54 millions of Americans in United States, and women represent the 80 % of those individuals according to the National Osteoporosis Foundation (2015). Osteoporosis is a disease with a high risk of bone fracture due to the advance loss of bone density, and consequently skeletal strength is compromised. Women 's age to be at risk of osteoporosis is around 50 years old or over, while in men is after age 65 or over. Bone density is maintained by an equilibrium of osseous-cellular activity of osteoblasts (responsible of new bone formation) and osteoclasts (in charge of breaking down calcified bone) cells. When the imbalance of those two processes, and osteoclastic activity takes
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Therefore the assessment of patient 's health history and radiographs, would be a great tools for the dental hygiene to identify risk factors and compare bone density between previous and actual x-rays, respectively. Based on the information gathered during the patient 's annual dental visit, the hygienist may want to suggest the patient to see a physician who can check for bone mineral density . Overall, the dental hygiene appointment may be a perfect scenario for nutritional counseling about osteoporosis, for those patients that are predisposed to low bone density since many times osteoporosis remains silent for …show more content…
The alveolar bone resorb faster, after tooth extraction, when bone density is low affecting the quality of life in patients with mouth prosthetic (dentures). Osteoporosis is a chronic disease that up to date cannot be cured, but some drugs therapy help with prevention and stopping bone loss. The most used medications to slow bone resorption are bisphosphonates, which include alendronate, alendronate plus vitamin D (Fosamax and Fosamax Plus D), ibandronate sodium (Boniva), risendronate sodium, risendronate sodium with calcium carbonate (actonel, actonel with calcium and atelvia), and zoledronic acid (reclast). Unfortunately, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons had reported that some patients under bisphosphonates therapy had shown dental complications such as osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). The osteonecrosis of the jaw is a painful infection of the bone caused by slow healing of the jaw bone after tooth extractions or any invasive surgery that involve jaw and/or maxillary bone. The National Osteoporosis Foundation highlight that “of all the cases reported to date in 2007, 95% were in cancer patients who had taken higher dose of intravenous bisphosphonate, than the given for osteoporosis”. Since osteonecrosis of the jaw is not only a side effect of antiresorptive drugs, there are also other medications such antiangiogenic agents, in June of 2014 the Oral Surgeon
11. Following her recovery, Margaret was placed on three medications: (A) oral calcium supplementation, (B) oral estrogen, and (C) oral alendronate sodium (Fosamax). Specifically describe how each of these medications works to treat Margaret’s condition. Oral calcium is given to Margaret to help with the loss of bone tissue and to help with the aid of forming stronger bone tissue. Oral estrogen is for to help make up for the loss of estrogen deficiency in her body due to menopause and this drug also helps to prevent weakened bones and due to the lack of activity Margert is accustomed to this will be beneficial for her. Oral alendronate sodium is for an inhibitor to help with bone reabsorption of
For those that have bad habits with cigarettes, Tobacco Cessation Counseling is available. Cigarettes cause tooth loss, rotting, and surface stains; hygienist make sure to pass this information to the patient and help them to understand that quitting is the best option if they want to keep their teeth. As said before, a hygienist informs the patient on what foods to avoid. Nutritional Counseling is provided if a hygienist believes there is danger with a patients teeth such as diseases. (Dental Hygiene Clinic) Any foods with high acidity is something a dental hygienist would recommend avoiding. For example, apples, hard candies, popcorn, diet sodas, and salad dressing. Enamel is the hardest structure in the human body. It’s even harder than bones. When the enamel is exposed to acid, it wears down and erodes. This is how tooth erosion and decay happens. They will educate the patient with what foods to replace the bad ones with. Although, a dentist is who performs the restorations, a hygienist can still inform what will happen. Because of the fact that hygienists usually see patients before the dentist, they will give feedback to the dentist and recommend restorations in the mouth. They specialize in providing clinical and educational services (Sealy Dental Center) so they are very useful to dentists. When a patient has missing, chipped, or sharpened teeth, a restoration is done to replace the originals. Some examples
On his initial examination dated 23/06/13 the patient was seen for a routine full mouth scale and polish with reinforced oral hygiene instruction including flossing technique. He presented with excellent oral hygiene at this appointment which was a reflection of his commitment to good oral hygiene; tooth-brushing twice daily and dental flossing once daily. This was further supported by the patients plaque scores at 5% and bleeding scores at 4% with only minimal supra gingival calculus on lower anterior teeth. There was no erythema or oedema present on the gingival tissues.
But after the early stage, your bones may become weak. These signs include: back pain, shortness of breath, shrinkage in height and bad, irregular posture. Many people don’t start showing signs until they have broken a bone, such as a wrist bone or a hip bone. There are two different types of Osteoporosis. There is Juvenile Osteoporosis (which is very rare), it occurs in children that is due to medication or medical conditions. Premenopausal Osteoporosis which happens to older women before menopause. There are three different ways to check for Osteoporosis. The first one is a painless bone density scan called a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (Stang, 2016). The second one is a digital x-ray radiogrammetry (DXR), it is like the DXA but uses less technology. And the last one is ultrasounds. Ultrasound scans are also used to screen for osteoporosis but it is not able to get a good reading like the others, so this method isn’t used as often. If you break a bone the doctor will try these types of x-ray to see if it was caused by
Osteoporosis is a condition, which advances with age, resulting in fragile, weak bones due to a decrease in bone mass. Externally osteoporotic bone is shaped like normal bone, however it’s internal appearance differs. Internally the bone becomes porous due to a loss in essential minerals, including phosphate and calcium. The minerals are loss more quickly than they can be replaced and in turn cause the bones to become less dense and weak. The bones become prone to fracture, due to their weakness. Therefore the awareness of the disease tends to occur after a fracture has been sustained. The bones most commonly affected are the ribs, wrist, pelvis and the vertebrae.
Now, when considering one wants to prevent or treat Osteoporosis, it does not mean to cut yourself off of foods with small portions or extreme dieting. It is a common misconception that when a person wants to be healthy they must eat in smaller portions, and while this does have some truth, one must consider when it comes to eating healthy, it means to eat healthy by adding nutritious portions of fruits, vegetables, protein, carbs, and of course, calcium intake for the bones in one’s diet. Also, one must not deprive themselves of having a “cheat day” once a week with chips and candy. But it is a good start to begin adding calcium fortified foods and supplements, such as milk. People should at least aim for 1,000 to 1,200 milligrams a day of calcium. Low-fat cheese, milk, yogurt, orange juice, graham crackers, and calcium supplements are a beneficial contribution in accessing calcium to the body (Vander, 2003). Of course, Osteoporosis develops during old age, due to the gradual decline in exercising, calcium in bones, and weight loss. However, Osteoporosis is also genetically found in some people with a long history of family members who have had bone fractures. Also, many factors affect and can cause Osteoporosis and one of them is smoking. Because smokers have poor lungs, it can be difficult to exercise. Another is not going out too much,
Osteoporosis is a disease in which the bones become so weak and brittle that even a cough can cause enough stress on the bone that it will cause the bone to facture. The most commonly broken bones are the hip, wrist, and the spine. Although it affects men and women of all races, post-menopausal Caucasian and Asian women are more commonly affected than those of other ethnicities and sexes. In fact, thirty percent of all post-menopausal women in the US and Europe will be diagnosed with Osteoporosis and at least 40 percent of those will suffer from a fracture in their lifetime.
...a casein-free diet was 19.9ng⁄mL, for participants not on a casein-free diet it was 19.6ng⁄mL, and for controls it was 17ng⁄mL. There were no differences in the measurements of 25 (OH) D in all groups. About sixty-one percent, fifty-four children, had concentrations of less than 20ng⁄mL. This is the minimum concentration recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics to ensure good bone health. These children could be at risk for problems associated with vitamin D deficiency. This includes concerns with bone health and calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Children with autism spectrum disorder are limited to what activities they can do and usually are not exposed to much sunlight causing them to be at a greater risk. Understanding the needs and taking preventive measures for children with autism will help reduce the risk of health problems as they enter adulthood.
Firstly, inquire about the dentist’s license and professional training. The local dentist should be sufficiently trained for the diagnosis and treatment of dental diseases.
The big picture. Where the two schools of medicine differ is in philosophy. Doctors of osteopathy "treat people, not just symptoms," says Karen Nichols, dean of the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine. "The course list looks exactly the same, but the M.D.'s focus is on discrete organs. The osteopathic focus is that all of those pieces are interrelated. You can't affect one with out affecting another." That means paying more than simple lip service to the idea of the "whole" patient: It means that diagnosis and treatment rely on an examination of a person's environment and family and general situation as well as his or her body. Not surprisingly, about 65 percent of the nation's 52,000 licensed osteopaths (by comparison, the country boasts at least 900,000 M.D.'s) are primary-care physicians. The American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine has a description of osteopathic training, as well as short profiles of 20 schools, at www.aacom.org. The D.O. programs and their contact information are listed in the directory section of this book.
Over time as individuals age and are faced with access to care issues they may begin to neglect their oral health. As time passes between dental hygiene cleanings or dentist visits the presence of oral disease may begin to increase.
Bone diseases most directly influence the ability to walk or to move any part of the body--hands, limbs, neck, and spine. They are related to joint disorders--ARTHRITIS, COLLAGEN DISEASE, DISLOCATION of joints, and RHEUMATISM. The medical specialty pertaining to bone disorders is ORTHOPEDICS. Fractures are the most common bone disorders. They can occur as the result of an accident or be secondary to metabolic diseases.
Osteoporosis comes from the latin word meaning “porous bone”. If you were to look closely at a bone you could see there are these small spaces on the bone which is good, now if you look at someone who suffers from osteoporosis you will see these spaces are much larger. As these spaces become larger it takes away from the strength and integrity of the bone making it grow weak and thin. Osteoporosis is most common in women over the age of 50 and gives them a higher risk of fractures and or breaks especially common in the hips. While we know osteoporosis comes from a number of things it can be broken down to age, the hormonal changes most commonly seen in menopause and a lower intake of Vitamin D and Calcium. Age is the unpreventable factor that doctors or you cannot change. Hormonal changes can be fixed with supplements or hormone therapy along with ones intake of Vitamin D and Calcium. Hormone therapy, estrogen alone or the combination of estrogen and progestin have been proven to prevent and aide in the treatment of osteoporosis in
Bones are dense and provide support and structure to the body. The two types of bones is compact and spongy bones. Compact bones are dense and tough. Spongy bones are not as dense and are flexable. Bone remodeling occurs n 120-day cycles. Over the first 20 days resorption by osteoclasts occurs. Osteoclasts release proteases, clears away damaged bone, and releases matrix-bound growth factors. Bone formation occurs by osteoblasts over the last 100 days. Osteoblasts fill in bone cavity with bone matrix.
Like any other medical care, dental care is important for our good and healthy life.