Osmosis Investigation
How different concentrations of sucrose solution effect potato tissue.
Aim
How do different concentrations of sucrose solution effect potato
tissue.
Background Information
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules though a partially
permeable membrane from an area of high water potential to an area of
low water potential.
High Concentration
Low Concentration
The membrane lets small water molecules pass though but not large
ones.
The flow continues until the concentration becomes the same on the
inside as on the outside. This is called equilibrium.
Molarity is a measure of concentration.
Prediction
I predict that the potato will change in mass and in length. I believe
this because each Molarity of sucrose will change the potato's water
content. This will happen because either the concentration will higher
in the sucrose and lower in the Tubas or lower in the sucrose and
higher in the Tubers. Therefore water will travel in or out of the
potatoes cell though its partial permeable membrane.
Preliminary Method
· I will firstly get 10 test tubes and to test tube racks
· Then I will cut 9 pieces of potato
· I will then get 3 different Concentrations of sucrose solution and
add 20cm3 to each test tube
· Cut a 4 mm in diameter tuba to 1 cm in length
· Now I will measure the length and mass
· Now place the pieces in
· Now leave this for 15 minutes
· Now I will measure the length and mass
Preliminary Results
After we did the Preliminary Test we decided to use 1 cm long 4 mm
diameter tubas. We would put them in 25 cm3 sucrose solutions. I don't
have any actual results because the potato tubas shrivelled up in the
fridge.
Method
1. I took two average sized ground potatoes and checked that they were
both healthy and hard.
2. Using a standard kitchen knife I peeled the potatoes and used a
potato tuba to cut 18 equally size tubas
3. Using a scalpel and ruler I cut the potato into lengths of 4mm by
10mm. I had to be very careful whilst cutting the potato as the
scalpel is exceptionally sharp. I then had 18 tubas
4. Taking a test tube rack I placed 18 test tubes in it and then
labelled them (0.00M, 0.25M, 0.50M, 1.00M, 1.50M, 2.00M)
5. Using a measuring cylinder I measured out 25cm3. I then poured this
carefully into ea...
... middle of paper ...
...the water potential inside the tissue.
To measure the tubers I think I would use a digital measurer that goes
to two decimal places for accuracy and it would go to the same
accuracy level as the top pan balance.
I would also increase the amount molar amounts I use, such as 0.25 and
0.75. one explanation for the bad results is when the potato chips
were removed from the test tubes and dried I may well have dried some
potatoes more thoroughly than others and so some would have more
excess water, which would add to the mass. If the experiment was
repeated I could find another way to dry the potatoes that would
ensure that all were dried in the same way for the same time. I were
to repeat the experiment I would have possibly found a machine to cut
the potato as it would ensure that all potatoes would be the same
weight and dimensions. As well as the potato I could have found a more
accurate way to measure out the solutions and to determine the molar
concentrations. Perhaps I could have used a burette. This would ensure
that I have an accurate amount of fluid in each test tube. I could
also weigh each tuber on a more accurate scale, e.g. not to 0.00g but
to 0.0000g
3.) Divide your 30g of white substance into the 4 test tubes evenly. You should put 7.5g into each test tube along with the water.
Considering the fact that Marc has both been sweating and drinking minimal amounts of water, Marc is now dehydrated. This means he has less than the required amount of water for his body to complete the processes necessary to maintain its health. As stated in the question, the process of sweating causes the loss of more water than solutes. This means that as the level of water decreases, the level of solute concentration will increase, creating a change in the water to solute ratio.
There are many lessons we can learn from the one of the powerful leader Maya Angelou. Angelou was a powerful leader who lived her life abundantly. She was very vulnerable and bold sharing her childhood story (sexual assault) through her book “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.” She has learned the lesson of forgiveness. A great leader needs to learn how to forgive. According to Angelou, “You may not control all the events that happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them. Try to be a rainbow in someone else’s cloud. Do not complain. Make every effort to change things you do not like. If you cannot make a change, change the way you have been thinking. You might find a new solution.” Attitude is another aspect that we can learn from Angelou. She did not complain about her childhood, racism, divorce, losing her friends, or rejection. She has overcome all the obstacles with courage; that is another lesson we can learn. In her poem, she says, “You may shoot me with your words, you may cut me with your eye, you may kill me with your hatefulness, but still, like air, I’ll rise!” Angelou knew who she was. She learned not to live according to people’s opinion. Angelou’s writings reflect who she was. We must learn who we
We then put the stopwatch on and left them for half an hour. After we weighed each potato tube and recorded our results. We did the experiment twice. We did this to make sure our results were correct. Preliminary method: We did everything the same as in our other experiment except we
Maya Angelou, more formally known as Marguerite Ann Johnson was born on April 4th, 1928 in St. Louis, Missouri. She was the child of Bailey Johnson and Vivian Baxter Johnson. When Maya was three years old, her parents got divorced. After they divorced, she and her older brother, Bailey Jr., were sent to live with their grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas. They were not sent in a normal fashion, however. Angelou and her brother were placed on a train by themselves by their father. Their father then put a tag on each of them that said “To Whom It May Concern, send these two to Stamps, Arkansas.” With only each other for support, Angelou and her brother made their way to Stamps. In Stamps, their grandmother Annie Henderson owned a general store. While in Stamps, Angelou was subjected to a great deal of racism and discrimination because she was an African American. She grew up during a time where there was an unequal status between blacks and whites. Throughout her whole time in Stamps her grandmother helped her develop a strong sense of self so that she could withstand those racist times they lived in. Her grandmother knew that if she could help Angelou understand who she is and what she stood for, then none of those racist people could get to her.
"Maya Angelou Criticism." ENotes - Literature Study Guides, Lesson Plans, and More. Web. 16 Feb. 2010. .
Angelou, Maya, Diego Rivera, and Linda Sunshine. Still I Rise. New York: Random House, 2001. Print.
Maya Angelou is an author and poet who has risen to fame for her emotionally filled novels and her deep, heartfelt poetry. Her novels mainly focus on her life and humanity with special emphasis on her ideas of what it means to live. The way she utilizes many different styles to grab and keep readers’ attention through something as simple as an autobiography is astounding. This command of the English language and the grace with which she writes allows for a pleasant reading experience. Her style is especially prominent in "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings", where the early events of Angelou’s life are vividly described to the reader in the postmodern literary fashion.
Maya Angelou was one of the most famous African American poets of all time. She spent fifty years writing poetry, autobiographies and was active in the civil rights movement. Born on April 4, 1928 Maya Angelou was born Margarite Johnson in St Louis. Maya became mute when she was a child at age seven due to her mother’s boyfriend who raped her. Maya was married three times and had one son at age 16. She worked under several presidents and worked with martin Luther king Jr. and his family. Maya was also an actress and appeared on Broadway she is known for her famous poem I know why the cage bird sings it received honors, two NAACP image awards in 2005 and 2009. Maya received several awards such as national medal of arts,
Dr. Maya Angelou is an influential poet, author and historian. Becoming one of the greatest poets of our time was not an easy task for Dr. Angelou she had to overcome a few obstacles starting with attending a segregated school, and facing racial discrimination. Being an African American attending Lafayette Training School, a school that sat on a dirt hill with no lawn, tennis courts, and fence limiting the boarding farmers surrounding the school educators expected Angelou and her fellow classmates to not do great things in life. According to a speech given at her 1940 graduation they were “maids and farmers, handymen and washerwomen” (p.84) and anything higher that they aspired to was farcical and presumptuous. Causing her to feel angry but
The great Maya Angelou was born on April 4, 1928 in St. Louis Missouri. Unfortunately, she died May 28, 2014 in Raleigh, North Carolina. (Angelou, A&E) Angelou obtained many different activities and hobbies such as singing, spoken word, acting, history, and civil rights. With a well rounded interest in things around her, Maya Angelou suffered from various different obstacles throughout her life, such as rape, discrimination, early childbirth, and the death of many close friends of hers. Her experiences shine brightly through her works of literature, film, and advocacy of civil rights. Angelou’s background of abandonment, self righteousness, and passion for literature is reflected in her poetry through theme, experiences, and accomplishments.
She was born Marguerite Johnson on April 4, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri. As a child, most of her time was spent with her brother, Bailey Johnson, and they were raised by their paternal grandmother, Momma, in Stamps, Arkansas. Her brother was the giver of her name “Maya”. At first he called her “My” due to his shortening for “My sister”, then her nickname got to be “Maya” because he happened to be reading a book about Maya Indians, and it stuck with her from then on. Living in the south, Maya Angelou faced all the brutality and racial prejudice that occurred there. Being with her grandmother, she “learned to take pride in herself and to appreciate the strong bonds that held the African-American community in the small-town, segregated South” (Watkins 15). At the young age of seven, Angelou went to visit her mother in Chicago, where she was raped by her mother’s boyfriend, and being too ashamed to speak she remained silent for 5 years. At age thirteen she began to speak to others again and she moved to San Francisco with her brother back to where they rejoined their mother. Living in Francisco, she attended Mission High School, but later on she dropped out of school to become San Francisco’s first African American female cable car conductor. Maya Angelou decided to go back to school, but in her senior year where she was sixteen and pregnant, she dropped out of school again and gave birth to a son by the name of Clyde Bailey “Guy” Johnson (Maya Angelou). As a teenager, Maya Angelou was in love with the arts. Due to her talent, she won a scholarship to study dance and drama at San Francisco’s Labor School. In the fifties, Angelou “pursued a career in dance and theater, eventually touring twenty-two countries in the cast of Porgy and Bess” (Watkins 15). All of her past talents aided her and helped expand her writing to autobiographies and poetry. Her first publication was I Know
Maya Angelou was told many messages throughout her life. She was told she wasn’t good enough, she was told she couldn’t become anything she wanted to become, and she was told she didn’t belong. The reason behind most negative things she was told in her life had nothing to do with who she was as a person on the inside. They had nothing to do with what she had previously done, previously accomplished, where she lived, or her age. The only thing holding her back, according to most of society when she was growing up, was the fact that she was black and because of that, she didn’t deserve everything white people did. Maya was determined to not be beaten down by any of these things that others said against her. Maya Angelou chose to be a warrior
Maya Angelou, a well-known African American author is best known for her autobiographies and her poems. Her legacy that she left behind is the hope, strength, and fortitude that she inspires not only in African American women but in all women in general. Throughout all of her work, there is a common topic that she embodies about overcoming social obstacles and the struggle for self-acceptance. There is also the themes of love, loss, rejection, social acceptance, racial differences, resistance and national consciousness. Some more themes that apply to both her poems and her life are of women, power, and poetry and these themes limit every assumption that people made in the 20th century. She uses her poetry and autobiographies to show the differences
2NEED – Surrogate motherhood fills a need for infertile couples. 2.4 million infertile married American couples. It is estimated that one in six couples are affected by some degree of infertility. Many people are marrying later and are delaying having children. After age 45, about 95% of women are unable to conceive on their own. Surrogate mothers also fill the need for non-traditional families including the gay and lesbian population as well as single heterosexuals.