Parenting roles may not be simple especially when dealing with adolescents. One of the possible challenges that are evident among most adolescents if the oppositional defiant disorder. It is typical of kids with the disorder to display open defiance and disobedience to authority in the community. The extreme cases could lead to constant arguments, fights and even talking back to the teachers, parents and the senior citizens. In most cases, it may not be relatively easy to distinguish between operation defiant disorder (ODD) in the community and mood swings. (Cavanag, Quinn, Duncan, Graham,& Balbuena, 2014).It is essential for the members of the community to have a clear understanding of what entails ODD in the bid to be able to handle the situation. An understanding of the signs and symptoms and the possible treatment measures to help alleviate the impact of the disorder are critical. Below is a detailed insight relating to the Operational defiant disorder in …show more content…
the community. Age range It is imperative to have an understanding of the age range for the condition.
In most cases, the disorder may be evident as from preschool. There are isolated cases when the disorder may commence at later years. Research makes it apparent that the disorder in most cases kicks in at the teenage. The disorder may further be evident towards the end of the teenage years in some individuals. It merits noting that the condition is prevalent in the community to the extent that one in every 16 adolescents is likely to be a victim of the disorder (Rocque, 2016). The severity of the disease varies widely from mild, moderate to severe cases. In the mild cases, the symptoms are only visible at one setting either home or school. For the moderate cases, some of the symptoms could be visible in a minimum of two settings mostly at home and school. For the severe cases, the symptoms are evident in more than settings. The following are some of the symptoms to be on the lookout for when diagnosing for open defiance
disorder. Signs and symptoms It is indispensable to have a clear knowledge of the signs and symptoms. Cases where it is evident that a child suffers from ODD, it would be prudent to seek medical advice in the bid to avert the potential dangers associated with the condition. The following are signs and symptoms that one should constantly be looking out for in such kids (Noordermeer, Luman, & Oosterlaan, 2016) An individual who suffers from ODD in most cases tends to be angry and easily irritable. They tend to lose their tempers at the slightest provocation. Such individuals also tend to have a high tendency to being touchy and could easily be annoyed by the same action when someone becomes touchy towards them. It merits noting that such individuals who easily turn out to be resentful. It would be prudent to seek medical advice whenever such signs are evident for a period longer than six months (Tung, & Lee, 2014) Research studies into a person with ODD make it clear that individuals suffering from the condition tend to be argumentative and while openly display defiance. It is common for such individuals to always to fall into arguments with adults and other figures of authority in the community. In most cases, the individuals will openly depict defiance to the requests of the adults and concerned authorities in the community (Burke, Rowe & Boylan, 2014). It is apparent that in most cases, their arguments do not hold any basis. They may seem as if they are out on a mission to annoy the parents or other figures of authority in the community. It is typical of such individuals always to end up blaming others for their faults. They tend to seek solace in accusing others of being the primary cause of their irritability. Cases where such signs are evident for a period exceeding six months, it would be high time to seek the relevant medical guidance in the attempt to avoid the condition being overboard. Vindictiveness is also a sign of open defiance disorder among the adolescents in the community. They tend to be spiteful and would always do anything possible to revenge for any wrong doings against them (Wiesner, Windle, Kanouse, Elliott, & Schuster, 2015) Cases where a parent observes that their children tend to display vindictiveness more than four times in a time span of six months, then it would be essential to ensure that they seek medical attention in the bid to contain the behavior. Treatment options There are a variety of treatment options once the signs and symptoms of the condition are evident. A successful diagnosis of the condition would render one to choose a single approach or use a combination of the approaches in the bid to help overcome the condition. Parent management programs and family therapy are some of the treatment options. The programs aim at impacting the parents with the necessary skills which would help them manage their kid’s behavior (Rey, 1993). The parents and other caregivers are exposed to techniques which would effectively discipline their children in the bid to enable the kids to adopt positive behavior in the society. Cognitive problem-solving skills programs are also handy in the attempt to overcome the disorder. The training program involves teaching the kids practical ways of dealing with stressful conditions without displaying indiscipline (Hamilton, & Armando, 2008). It enables the children to gain insight on how they can efficiently respond to stressful conditions in the community. Social skills program is also effective in the bid to help an individual overcome the disorder. The programs aim at enabling the kids to relate more positively with their peers. The therapy is highly effective if it takes place in a group setting such as at school. Medication is also a viable option in the bid to enable the adolescents to overcome the operational defiance disorder. The medication aims at relieving some of the most distressing conditions of the disorder. The medication could aim at reducing anxiety and mood disorders among the victims of the condition (Rockhill, Collett, McClellan, & Speltz, 2006) Efficacy rates It merits noting that the different treatment options have different efficiency in the enabling an individual to overcome the operational defiance disorder. The effectiveness of the various treatment options has different efficiency depending on the severity of the disorder. The most efficient approaches include blending different treatment options. Research works recommend the use of medication and other therapies and skill building training (Wray, & Fraser, 2008). A move to train the parents and the teenagers as they undergo the medication is the most efficient treatment approach to the condition. Postmodern approaches There are postmodern approaches to operational defiance disorder in the community. It merits noting that postmodernism approaches to family therapy are an approach that gains full acceptance as well as criticism in the community. The method involves making it clear that it involves promoting the notion that anything goes (Gale, 2011). It is also apparent that parents are readily accepting the operational defiance disorder among their kids and undertaking the relevant measures in the bid to enable the kids to overcome the challenge as well as enable the parents to handle their adolescent children. The collaboration between the parents, caregivers, and teachers makes it relatively easy to address the kids who display the disorder. Cultural aspects of the population There are aspects of culture that have a profound influence on the operational defiance disorder among the adolescents in the community. It merits noting that the symptoms of the disorder could vary significantly depending on the cultural perspectives in the community. Some of the cultural variables which could have an impact on the disorder include race, religions, socio-economic status and religious affiliations. It merits noting that the different cultures have different expectations from their children (Maughan, Rowe, Messer, Goodman, & Meltzer, 2004) Typical cases if the religious families where children should adhere to the adult’s instructions. The move makes it relatively difficult for the child to display open defiance to authority in the society. It merits noting that changes in the cultural perspectives could go in handy in changes with variations in the environment. A case at hand is when a kid is left in the hands of conservative grandparents following the demise of their liberal parents. Some of the expectations from the grandparents could vary immensely and could possible trigger defiance from the adolescent. Ethical concerns There are ethical concerns regarding operational defiance in the community. In most cases, the behavior that the adolescent's display could stand out as unethical in most communities. Failure to have a clear understanding of the condition could easily land the adolescents in unpleasant situations. The caregivers who may not be having an understanding of the condition are likely to subject the adolescents into punishment instead of enabling them to seek medical guidance (Frick, 1993). The move leads to some ethical concerns regarding the behavior of the operational defiant adolescents and the actions of the caregivers. Conclusion Research makes it clear that operational defiant disorder is rampant in the community. It is essential for parents and the caregivers to have a clear understanding of the condition in the bid to enable the adolescents to overcome the condition. The different treatment options for the condition tend to have different efficiency rates, and a combination of various alternatives may be highly effective. An understanding of the cultural and ethical perspectives regarding the condition is essential.
The ways these emotions and feelings are sometimes conveyed are sometimes seen as an outlandish acts and they are better known as abnormal adolescent behavior. Abnormal adolescent behavior occurs during the transition from childhood to adult. (Ages 12-17) Abnormal adolescent behavior can be best described as acts done by an adolescent that are not easily accepted into society. They are bizarre, wild and almost crazy acts. Some adolescents reach a stage where they begin to experience different things and some begin to act out wildly not being able to necessarily control themselves. Some digns of this disorder can be aggressive behavior that may harm or threaten other people or animals, destructive behavior that may damage or destroy property, precocious sexual activity and lying or theft. These signs and actions can lead to a higher chance of the adolescent having suicidal thoughts or attempts, academic difficulties, higher chances of injury and problems with the law and sexually transmitted diseases. What can or may cause or bring about this abnormal behavior in an adolescent may be rejection from parents, peers and ...
The hallmark of Conduct Disorder (CD) is an obvious and careless apathy for the rules, the rights, the emotions, and the personal territory of others. Aggression, deceitfulness, duress, and power over others are enjoyable to a child with CD. Children with CD pick fights, trespass, lie, cheat, steal, vandalize, display abusive behaviors, and, for older children, perpetrate unwanted sexual advances. The display of signs in younger children can be: ruthless bullying, lying for the purpose of lying, and stealing of useless things.
The disorder is marked by a persistent pattern of disregard for the rights of others. This, in addition to the repeated violation of others’ rights, is able to be traced back to childhood or early adolescence and continues to be evidenced in adulthood. The diagnostic criteria are as follows. There must be evidence of at least three of the following occurring since the age of 15...
This paper looks at a person that exhibits the symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). In the paper, examples are given of symptoms that the person exhibits. These symptoms are then evaluated using the DSM-V criteria for BPD. The six-different psychological theoretical models are discussed, and it is shown how these models have been used to explain the symptoms of BPD. Assessment of
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) has been a disability surrounded by stigma and confusion for a long time, and the time to bring awareness and public understanding to this disability is long overdue. The disability itself often gets misdiagnosed as an other disability since the symptoms overlap with many other disabilities (NIMH, n.d, para 16), or worse case scenario, a medical professional refuses to diagnose or treat the disability due to the belief that these people are untreatable because of a negative schema about the disability and clinical controversies on whether BPD is a legitimate diagnosis (Hoffman, 2007) . However, after nearly three decades of research, it has come to light that BPD does indeed exist, does have a good prognosis for remission with treatment (BPD Overview, n.d, para 3), and that there are many treatment options available such as three different types of psychotherapy (Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Schema-focused therapy), omega-3 fatty acid supplements, and/or medications (NIMH, n.d, para 29, 30, 31, and 39, 41). Even though the disability started as a psychoanalytic colloquialism for untreatable neurotics (Gunderson, 2009), BPD is very treatable and doesn’t deserve the stigma it currently carries throughout society.
I recently read The Explosive Child, written by Dr. Ross W. Greene. I found this book to be extremely informative, and I could relate to its contents on both a professional and personal level. In The Explosive Child Greene discusses “a new approach for understanding and parenting easily frustrated, chronically inflexible children” which he refers to as “inflexible-explosive.” A child who is inflexible-explosive “is one who frequently exhibits severe noncompliance, temper outbursts, and verbal physical aggression.” (Greene, 2001) I think that The Explosive Child is a great resource for parents and professionals, because it manages to provide useful tools to help teach parents how to react appropriately when their inflexible-explosive child has a meltdown.
It is important to note that a counselor or therapist will consider a diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder only if the behavior occurs more frequently than is typically observed in individuals of comparable age and developmental level. In other words, the problems and conflicts between teens and parents are as old as time itself, and some conflict is normal and inevitable. However, when the parent/child conflict becomes increasingly severe and appears to be spiraling out of control, then ODD might be considered. Also, as teens are growing and learning, they will sometimes do some very ill-advised things that can cause them problems, both legal and in school. However, if this behavior does not repeat itself and is a one-time event, then a behavior disorder is probably not present.
Childhood Disruptive Behaviors Early Childhood Children at this stage (aged 4 to 8) understand the world by perceiving it, being influenced by it, and acting on it. In turn, the surrounding world shapes the child. This demonstrates the role of nurture within the child’s environment, as well as its role in developing behavior patterns. Longitudinal studies have demonstrated that behavior patterns and personality are established during the early formative years. Research suggests that, when children come from unhealthy backgrounds, such as dysfunctional, abusive homes, they are much less likely to develop adequately physically, academically, and emotionally.
Anti Social Personality Disorder is also known as ASPD. “About 2.5 to 3.5 percent of people have ASPD. This condition is much more common in men than in women.” (Lees McRae College) Everyone has their own personality and not one person is exactly the same. “People with anti social personality disorder are also called sociopaths.” (Leedom) Different causes are particular to look for when diagnosing this disorder. Though rare, it is important to understand the disorder as well as its symptoms, treatment and strategies. “Lifetime prevalence for ASPD is reported to range from 2% to 4% in men and from 0.5% to 1% in women. Rates of natural and unnatural death (suicide, homicide, and accidents) are excessive.” (Black, 2015)
When a parent yells at their children, most people will not think anything of it. In fact, majority would call this natural, a natural teaching of a child with behavior management problems. Throughout my research, I have learned the concept of how the tip of the iceberg of behavior issues is reflected as the beginning age of verbal abuse, and the beginning of borderline personality disorders. A sense of disruption to their emotions has enhanced the cycle to obtain borderline personality disorder, which has started an ongoing epidemic of other disorders. Also these disorders can cause children to feel a sense of disruption. This encourages a malfunction in the brain, which could eventually be their demise and the need to succeed is outcast by the feeling of failure. Verbal abuse has been around for some time now, during this new age it has peaked at its highest point with no slight chances of slowing down. Borderline personality disorder is indeed caused by the verbal abuse and children who have witnessed this are ticking time bombs waiting for something or someone to push the wrong ...
Conduct Disorder has been a part of the American Psychological Association’s Diagnostic Statistical Manuel (DSM) since its original release date in 1994. Although, there is new information about the disorder that was previously unknown, Conduct Disorder is distinguished by a “repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms or rules are violated” (American Psychiatric Association, 1994.) This mild, moderate, or severe antisocial behavior begins to appear either in childhood, categorized as early-onset conduct disorder , or in adolescence after ten years of age, classified as adolescent-onset conduct disorder (Passamonti et al., 2010.) The criteria to meet to be diagnosed with this disorder are separated into four subgroups: aggressive conduct, nonaggressive conduct, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of the rules. Three or more incidents must be present in the past twelve months with at least one of the characteristics being present in the past six months. This disorder causes severe impairment of functioning across a variety of situations so it is important to keep in mind society and individual situations because this diagnosis may be “misapplied to individuals in settings where patterns of undesirable behavior are sometimes viewed as protective” (American Psychiatric Association, 1994.) For example, a patient that has recently relocated from a war torn country would most likely not be a candidate for Conduct disorder even though he or she may exhibit some of the characteristics.
any child who fails to pay attention or seems overly active might be deemed as suffering from
Antisocial Personality Disorder is a mental health diagnosis of someone whom exhibits continued deceitfulness, aggressiveness and irritability, reckless disregard for the safety of others or themselves, lack of remorse, high level of impulsiveness, failure to conform to social norms as well as consistent irresponsibility. For one to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder, the individual must exhibit at least three out of the seven signs of antisocial and irresponsible behavior after the age of fifteen (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). They are extremely egocentric individuals, whom their main goals are derived from power, pleasure or personal gain. People suffering from antisocial personality disorder deal with continued failure to perform responsibilities in their family roles, as well as occupational roles. Violence and conflict is not unusual to them, as well as physical fights. “These people are irritable and aggressive with their spouses and children as well as with people outside of the home. They ...
McFarlane, J., Groff, J., O’Brien, A. & Watson, K. (2003) Behaviors of children who are
An adult that has Antisocial Disorder normally begins with Conduct Disorder as a child . Children with CD (Conduct Disorder) are found when the child has a history of “repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms of rules are violated, as manifested by the presence of three (or more) of the following criteria in the past twelve months, with at least one criterion present in the past six months.” These criteria include, aggression towards all living beings, such as people and animals,the defacement of property, deceitfulness and thief, and having no regards for the rules. Conduct Disorder is based on three levels: mild, moderate, and severe. Mild cases are people who lie, skip school, and staying out late without consent. Children starting at the age of 10 must have at least one of the symptoms that make up CD, they would then be categorized under the mild stage since their symptom is deceitfulness and thievery. The moderate form of this disorder includes stealing and defacing property. Severe CD is when a person either acts upon or deeply considers rape, abuse, theft, vanda...