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Olympe de Gouges was one of the most radical, militant and defying female activists of the French Revolution. She is perhaps one of the most significant women in the French Revolution. Unfortunately, Olympe De Gouges is also one of the most ignored and forgotten historical figures of that time. In the eighteenth century, men believed that women did not have the capacity or intellect to fully participate in public affairs like men did. However, women like de Gouge did find a way to participate. Olympe de Gouges found a way to broadcasting her political beliefs through writing. De Gouges is one example of a woman who challenged eighteenth century gender limitations through writing. De Gouges dedicated her life to her political beliefs by working to achieve representation and full political participation in the Republic for women.
De Gouges was born in the south of France, in 1748, and her original name was Marie Gouze (whoislog.info). She is the daughter of Pierre Gouze, a butcher, and Anne Olympe Moisset, a maid and servant. It is rumored that her mother had an affair with a person of high social rank, Marquis Lefranc de Pompignan. Some people claim that Marquis was de Gouges’ real father. However, this cannot be proven to be true (findbiography.org).
Olympe de Gouges married at a young age and had one son. However, the marriage was short and ended after her husband’s death (britannica.com). After her husband’s death she wanted to become a playwright and moved to Paris to follow her dream. De Gouges went to Paris in 1770 to pursue it. She then changed her name. She chose Olympe de Gouges. She chose this because it is a simple variation of both her mother and father's names (dadalos.org). The next step after changing her name is to ...
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...://www.constitution.org/fr/fr_drm.htm>.
"Olympe De Gouges." LES DROITS DE LA FEMME. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. .
"OLYMPE DE GOUGES." OLYMPE DE GOUGES Biography. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. .
"Olympe De Gouges." - Biography and Facts. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2014.
The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. "Olympia De Gouges (French Writer)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 3 Apr. 2014. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/850593/Olympia-de-Gouges
"Olympe De Gouges." Olympe De Gouges. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Apr. 2014.
Christine De Pizan’s work in The Book of The City of Ladies pioneers a new genre of feminist literature that exposes a time period from the perspective of its female population. Due to this, De Pizan justifiably earns the title of a revolutionary author. However, to say that De Pizan revolutionized the conditions of women in the medieval ages and onward is an overstatement. In her book, De Pizan critiques sexist arguments in order to defend women against misogyny. The change that De Pizan presented in medieval culture was gradual because she was attempting to amend people’s perspectives on women rather than offer any institutional rectifications. She worked to establish that women can be just as mighty as men, and thus, they are not innately inferior. However, her goal was not to ensure that women have equal access to exercise and pursue their virtuous roles. Therefore, if observed
Over the course of time, the roles of men and women have changed dramatically. As women have increasingly gained more social recognition, they have also earned more significant roles in society. This change is clearly reflected in many works of literature, one of the most representative of which is Plautus's 191 B.C. drama Pseudolus, in which we meet the prostitute Phoenicium. Although the motivation behind nearly every action in the play, she is glimpsed only briefly, never speaks directly, and earns little respect from the male characters surrounding her, a situation that roughly parallels a woman's role in Roman society of that period. Women of the time, in other words, were to be seen and not heard. Their sole purpose was to please or to benefit men. As time passed, though, women earned more responsibility, allowing them to become stronger and hold more influence. The women who inspired Lope de Vega's early seventeenth-century drama Fuente Ovejuna, for instance, rose up against not only the male officials of their tiny village, but the cruel (male) dictator busy oppressing so much of Spain as a whole. The roles women play in literature have evolved correspondingly, and, by comparing The Epic of Gilgamesh, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and The Wife of Bath's Prologue, we can see that fictional women have just as increasingly as their real-word counterparts used gender differences as weapons against men.
Jehanne d’Arc or more commonly known as Joan of Arc nicknamed the Maid of Orleans is a brave heroine who is known for her work during the Hundred Years War. With her defeat at her last battle, Joan ends the Hundred Years War and years later gets declared a saint for her bravery and sacrifice. Throughout her life, she struggled with an education and growing up on a farm. Later in those years she beings to hears voices and sees visions believing it to be from the Heavens and joins the French war because of it. Only being a teenager through all this, at the age of 19 she’s gets betrayed by who she thinks is an ally and burnt at the stake for charges.
Much has been written about the historical life of Eleanor of Aquitane. Her life, Undoubtedly reads like legend, at least in part because it is. It is fairly safe to say that the world had never seen a woman like Eleanor of Aquitane, and it is doubtful that there has been a woman since who could rival her power, intelligence, beauty and sheer force of will.
Often historical events leading up to the twentieth century are dominated by men and the role of women is seemingly non-existent outside of reproduction. When one thinks of notable and memorable names and events of the Revolution, men are the first to be mentioned. The American Revolution was mainly dominated by men including George Washington, Samuel Adams, and Benjamin Franklin. There is no denying that men were vitally important to the American Revolution, but what were the women doing? Often overlooked, the women of the Revolution played a key role in the outcome of the nation. The women of the American Revolution, although not always recognized, were an influential society that assumed risky jobs like soldiers, as well as involvement
" Literature and Its Times: Profiles of 300 Notable Literary Works and the Historical Events that Influenced Them. Joyce Moss and George Wilson. Vol. 1. Ancient Times to the American and French Revolutions.
Cixous, Hélène. “The Laugh of the Medusa.” The Critical Tradition: Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends. Ed. David H. Richter. Boston: Bedford Books, 1998. 1454-1466.
Gundersen, Joan R.. To Be Useful to the World: Women in Revolutionary America, 1740-1790. Rev. ed. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.
Through all the hardships and blood, Joan of Arc was a fierce warrior and led the French to complete victory. Starting out in a maiden village, and more of a shock for being a woman, Joan completely transform herself and France. Advancing in a year and a month, crowned a reluctant king, rallied broken people, reversed the course of a great war, and shoved history into a new path (Richey 1); Joan made a name for herself. No one can ever suppress what she achieved at such a young age.
Joan of Arc lived for a very short time, but was involved in so much of the middle ages of Europe. She motivated the French army, when at their lowest to aggressively attack the English with spiritual words and actions. She was captured and tried for a false crime by a corrupt jurisdiction and put to death. Following she would be burned alive and forever remembered as a Patron Saint of the Roman Catholic Church. She is and has been an inspiration to both men and women for almost 600 years and stories will be told about her for another 600 more.
It is interesting to me that a girl of just sixteen could have such an enormous impact. Her patriotism to her country and her unbelievable deep faith is something to be admired. I feel Joan of Arc was a true Saint sent by God to save France from England. God used a child to do his will because of her pure heart. Her victories stand out more to me because of her age and she was a woman. These two elements combined would have made it impossible for France to listen to her, but by God’s will she was able to accomplish much for her country.
The French Revolution was a period of time in which France underwent many changes, many which could be considered revolutionary. France’s whole system and way of being was completely changed. New ideas were proposed everyday. An idea is revolutionary when it is a new idea, when it is something that has never been thought of before. The Declaration of the Rights of Women written by Olympe de Gouges on September 1791, was one of the ideas proposed to the National Assembly (Hunt, Web 1). The document proposed that since the French Revolution was all about finding equality for all people, women should be equal to men and therefore, should have the same rights as men did. Women at the time live in terrible conditions. They had little access to education, and therefore could not enter professional occupations that required advanced education, were legally deprived of the right to vote, and were not considered citizens (Class Discussion Notes). If equal rights were not given to women, the French Revolution had not reached its full potential, according to Gouges. She expressed this idea in her document, saying, “This revolution will only take effect when all women become fully aware of their deplorable condition, and of the rights they have lost in society” (Gouges, Web). Anyone that questioned the Revolution was immediately put to death (Class Discussion Notes). If Gouges’ document and ideas were important enough to catch the attention of the National Assembly and for her to be put to death, her ideas could be considered important and revolutionary (Britannica, Web 1) But, the document was not revolutionary. The Declaration of the Rights of Women was not a revolutionary document because its ideas were taken from other people and were no...
Following the preamble, Gouges includes 17 articles mapping out the basic rights that not only are for the men but extended to women. This includes the right to property, liberty, security, and to resist oppression. She even states this in the preamble saying “Tell me what gave you the supreme authority to oppress my sex?” (24) She also goes on to state that women should have the right to help decide when making the laws, because they too abide by them. Gouges claims the right for women to participate in all levels of government, and have the right to voice their opinions in public.
The Enlightenment is known as the revolution that brought to question the traditional political and social structures. This included the question of the woman’s traditional roles in society. As the public sphere relied more and more ?? and the advances in scientific and educated thinking, women sought to join in with the ranks of their male counterparts. Women held gatherings known as salons where they organized intellectual conversations with their distinguished male guests. Seeking to further their status, enlightened women published pamphlets and other works advocating for educational rights and political recognition. Even with this evolution of woman in society, many still clung to the belief that the role of the woman was solely domestic. The females that spoke up were usually deemed unnatural. However these women used the time period of reason and science that allowed them the opportunity to break away from their domestic roles and alter the view of women in society.
The culprit behind the alteration of women's role in society was the enforced famine, which eventually resulted in the first of the women's rebellions against the French. Because the men were no longer providing money to purchase food, the women became the providers of the family. As their situation worsened and starvation became imminent, the women resorted to breaking the law. What's remarkable in light of the situation is that the women were united in their efforts rather than watching out for themselves. The hunger visible in their children eyes did not cause them to despair and lose their resolve, rather it helped to develop unity amongst them as they faced this hardship together. For instance, when Ramatoulaye killed the ram Vendredi, the meat from its bones was distributed to all those in need. So when the French soldiers came to collect her for breaking a law, they did not face one lone woman but an army of women prepared to fight.