The Ohio River Basin covers the area about 203.940 miles, which is located in northeast of the United States surrounding the easternmost regions of the Mississippi Basin. The mainstream of the basin, the Ohio River itself, winds its way through 6 states or commonwealths around: Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois. The basin consists of one mainstream, which serves as the largest tributary of the Mississippi river, and its various tributaries, among which the Allegany and Monongahela tributaries serves as the source water of the Ohio river mainstream, where the Ohio River begins at the confluence of these two tributaries. The Ohio River basin cover across 15 states that supports beyond 27 million people, equaling to 10% of the population in the United States, with drinking water, jobs and various kinds of recreational opportunities. [2]
Historically, the Ohio River is named in Iroquoian or Seneca as “Good River.” The river itself is tied tightly to the history of the Native Americans. Over time, the Ohio River serves as the
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major transportation trading route in their daily lives, connecting different communities around the river itself. [1] After the first touch by European in 1669 leading by the French people René-Robert Cavelier and Sieur de La Salle, the Ohio River was first discovered by explorador. Soon, the Ohio River served as a border between today’s Kentucky and Indian Territories. The river itself again became the primary transportation route during the westward expansion of the early United States. Therefore, the Ohio River was positioned in an important role for serving the regional transportation activities. Forests ecosystems: Ohio River basin is an area that includes two climate zones and follows the course of the glacial ice margin, which is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna. [4] The Ohio River basin contains three regions of the Deciduous Forest Formation of eastern North America: the Mixed Mesophytic Forest Region (upper basin, roughly upstream of Portsmouth, Ohio), the Western Mesophytic Forest Region (lower basin from Portsmouth, Ohio, to Paducah, Kentucky), and the Mississippi Alluvial Plain Section of the Southeastern Evergreen Forest Region (lowermost portion of the basin from Paducah, Kentucky, to Cairo, Illinois). The Mixed Mesophytic and the Western mesophytic are both classified as the region of tulip-poplar oak region that consists of white basswood and yellow buckeye, which are the indicator species within this region. The western mesophytic contains the indicator species of oak hickory. [4] Freshwater Fishes Besides the forest ecosystems within the basin, aquatic ecosystems, also common in the Ohio River basin [8], contains a huge diversity of freshwater species in the United States. The Ohio River Bioregion happens to include some of the world’s richest assemblages of freshwater mussels, as well as some of the best examples of eastern deciduous forests around.In fact, the Ohio River basin supports nearly half of the freshwater fishes and over one-third of the mussel species in the United States, including 46 mussel species that are classified as endangered or species of concern. The Ohio River drainage contains at least 350 species of fish ranging from endemic darters and dace in the headwaters to a suite of great river fish (e.g., paddlefish, blue sucker, lake sturgeon, and shovelnose sturgeon in mainstream) and more than 120 mussel species, including a number that are federally listed. A number of the rivers in the Ohio River Basin also support outstanding smallmouth or spotted bass angling. A number of resident fishes are important sport species, including Walleye, Sauger, Smallmouth Bass, Largemouth Bass, Spotted Bass, Striped Bass, White Bass, Hybrid Striped Bass, Channel Catfish, Flathead Catfish, and Blue Catfish. However, fish and mussel habitat within the Ohio River Basin is imperiled by a number of historic impacts and continuing threats including mineral extraction, row crop agriculture, and livestock grazing. [5] Ohio River Island Wildlife Refuge Established in 1990, this wildlife refuge system is aimed at protecting, conserving as well as restoring the habitats for wildlife to survive. There are twenty-two islands and four mainland tracts scattered along 362 miles of the upper Ohio River. Among the refuge areas, there nearly 3440 acres of land and underwater habitat are located in West Virginia. The refuge is important in protecting the "wild" Ohio within one of the United States’ busiest inland waterways. The refuge works to protect wildlife and habitats native to the Ohio River and its floodplain. [6] Migratory birds and endangered freshwater mussels are among the important wildlife emphasized on the refuge. Within the refuge system areas, lots of wildlife species gained their habitats without human interruptions. For example, there are forty species of freshwater mussels live within the refuge waters protected on the Ohio River, which includes six federally endangered mussel species. In addition, migratory birds attempt to stop at the refuge system for feeding and resting, since the refuge system is on the middle of two major migration routes for migratory birds, the Mississippi and Atlantic flyways. What’s more, the refuge system protects the riparian forests that are important in preventing soil erosion in the riparian areas. There are some formal agricultural lands that have gone through the process of natural succession into forests; therefore, the refuge islands are gradually returning to forested conditions after years of farming, oil and gas extraction, and other activities. [6] Asian Carps Invasion The huge diversity of resident species within the Ohio River basin are now facing the challenge of alien species invasion, among which the most significant example is the Asian Carp Invasion.
In the 1970s, the Asian Carps was first introduced by farmers in the southern United States to clean up the scum in the catfish ponds. However, things got out of control in the following years as the fish escaping into the Mississippi River and quickly expanding. Since then, they've moved into 23 states, taking over the space that used to be habitats dominated by resident species in the way of eating those resident species. [9] Asian carps can be physically huge that are able to consume a large amount of small biomass in river. [10] Asian carps are very sensitive to sounds, which would cause them to jump out of water if they detect the sound are close to them, which can be one of the disturbs for inland water
transportation. In this case, government established the Ohio River Basin Asian Carp Control Strategy Framework to briefly outline actions for stopping Asian carps’ invasion and monitoring the invasion in order to work our further strategy for reducing the population of the Asian carps. [7] As a result, there are some ways tested and proved to be effectively reducing the population amount and stopping further expansion: The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is developing poisonous microparticles designed to kill Asian carp exclusively. The idea is to put the poison in a package that only these carp can digest thoroughly enough to absorb a lethal dose. In addition, biologists at the USGS are developing tasty baits to lure Asian carp to locations where they could be easily captured altogether easily. What’s more, in 2002, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers installed the first of three electric fences in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal to stop Asian carp from entering the Great Lakes from the Mississippi River basin. [12] On the other hands, during the summer, several charter-boat companies on the Illinois River offer "extreme aerial bowfishing": a chance to blindly shoot the jumping fish with bows and arrows, which happens to be another way to reduce the population of the Asian carps. In addition, some people consider the Asian Carps as one of the food resurces for human. Yet the Asian carps’ anatomy makes it especially difficult to debone, at least one Chicago restaurant has featured wild-caught Asian carp (which tastes similar to tilapia) on its menu. Its flaky, white meat is low in fat and mercury but high in nutritious omega-3 fatty acids. Fillets of the fish cost up to $15 a pound. [12] Natural Disturbs As located away from the margin of the tectonic plates, the Ohio River basin lacks earthquakes and active volcano eruptions since there is no active tectonic movements occurred. However, the Ohio River basin is still suffering from the other natural hazards that burden the people and species living within it. One of the natural disturbs is flooding. In May 2011, the severe flooding of the Ohio river caused water spill over the banks at the confluence of the Wabash and Ohio, which destroyed homes, business and agricultural lands around it, causing the affected areas to be covered under muddy water. [13] In many cases, the flooding of the Ohio River can be resulted from the snowstorm and rainstorm occurred within the basin. In 2015, the influx of rainwater paired with melting snow has caused ice jams. The Ohio River is one of the rivers in the region being most affected from the storms. Finally, the river crested in Cincinnati at its highest level since 1997. [11] In this case, the hazards of rainstorm and snowstorm can serve as the cause of the flooding hazards that play more negative impacts on the Ohio River Basin.
The Northeast region is the best region because it has a lot of very important, historical landmarks. Also it has amazing products & natural resources that you might love. Best of all we got the most beautiful climates that I personally love and I think you should too.
Since three-forth of the world is composed of bodies of water, it’s natural that a great number of people rely on fishing for their livelyhood or just for their recreation needs. There are numerous of fish species swimming under the lakes, seas, ponds, and rivers. Most anglers consider fishing as the delight in their purpose-driven life, a sport, as they say.
...higan, they are The Little River Band of Ottawa Indians. The Little River Band is full and rich in culture. Some people don’t acknowledge the Ottawa tribe here in Manistee Michigan, or really even know who they are or how they feel. I feel as though that the Ottawa tribe has a huge positive impact on Michigan’s history. Thereby, I have written this essay to discuss and reveal the culture and the day-to-day of the Ottawa tribe with observations, interviews and research.
Cleveland, Ohio has been in existence for 203 years. There are more than 500,000 people living in Cleveland, yet few know about its past. In this paper, I am going to take you along as I tell you the history of Cleveland.
The Creek Indians, one of the Five Civilized Tribes, “was composed of many tribes, each with a different name.” The Creeks formed a loose confederacy with other tribes before European contact, “but it was strengthened significantly in the 1700s and 1800s.” The confederacy “included the Alabama, Shawnee, Natchez, Tuskegee, as well as many others.” There were two sections of Creeks, the Upper and Lower Creeks. The Lower Creeks occupied land in east Georgia, living near rivers and the coast. “The Upper Creeks lived along rivers in Alabama.” Like many other Native Americans, ...
Location and Background The early English traders gave the Creek native Americans their name because they usually built their villages on or near creeks or rivers. If they were to still have their villages it would include areas of Northern Florida and Eastern Louisiana and Southern Tennessee.
This tribe is ever flowing and changing, this can be seen in the fact that they moved constantly but also their original name. The Osage were originally known as Ni-u-ko’n-ska and that means “children of the middle waters”. Their name later changed to Wah-Zha-Zhi which was translated by French explorers, who had come to America, and was later the English word Osage (Brief History). The Osage got this name because initially their territory ranged from between the Arkansas River to the Mississippi River and then up along both sides of the Ohio River up into Pennsylvania.
You can catch grass carp off the surface or on the bottom and they will eat a lot of the same baits that the common carp will, and one of the best surface baits I have found is Bagels. I like the doughy texture of the bagel and it performs well as bait. It will float for 30 plus minutes and still be firm enough to hold
The Black carp originated in many of the Pacific drainage areas of eastern Asia, China, and parts of Russia and Vietnam. Black carp was introduced to the United States in the 1970’s to fish hatcheries and to control the populations of disease carrying snails in ponds. Flooding is the main factor to thank for the release of the black carp, which quickly turned into an invasion of the waterways. The Black carp is a medium size fish with the opportunity to become an extremely large fish if the conditions are favorable. “Based on Asian records, large adults may be more than 1.5 m total length and 70 kg or more in weight”(Nico,L.G). The black and grass carp is close to identical in regard to the characteristics of one another. However, the black carp is a slightly lighter color of black, with extremely large scales on the entire body. A black carp has human like molars as teeth that are used to crush snails and mollusks. With a slightly pointed snout that is a likely adaptation used to filter through the bottom of water bodies in search of food. The physical build of a black carp exhibits the design of a bottom-dwelling feeder. Sporting a long snout, large powerful human molar like teeth the black carp is built to succeed in water full of snails and mollusks. This means that the populations of already near extinct native snails and mollusks are at great risk of being
The Mississippi River is one of the world 's extraordinary rivers. It is the longest in the United States, more than twenty-three hundred miles in length, as it structures the outskirts of ten states, just about bisecting the mainland (Currie,2003, 8). This waterway has a long history also, and it has touched the lives of numerous individuals. The Mississippi is said to start at Lake Itasca in Minnesota. In 1832, pilgrim Henry Schoolcraft named this lake, not after any neighborhood Indian name, but rather from the Latin words for "genuine head" which are veritas caput abbreviated to "Itasca" (Currie, 2003, 4). In any case, much sooner than its source was named it was a navigational waterway. The Indians who initially lived on the banks of the stream were known as the Mississippians. From 800 to 1500, these people groups utilized the waterway for exchange. They dug out
If you are interested in bird watching, the Connecticut River is the place to go. With eagles, ospreys and scores of other species, enthusiasts can see them up close and personal under the guidance of the RiverQuest crew and a set of high powered binoculars provided by the staff. The RiverQuest boat has two open decks along with a heated interior with large windows to keep you comfortable when the winds get too chilly outside. The thoroughly knowledgeable staff of Captain Mark Yuknat along with wife Mindy, crew Scott and Cathy provide a wealth of information related to the various species of bird, habitat and environment.
In the mid-19th century, people were mesmerized by the western part of the United States so much that they were willing to risk life and limb for a new start at life. The Oregon Trail was a 2,170-mile land route that started in the Midwest to new settlements in Oregon, California, and Utah. This route enabled early Pioneers to migrate west, all the way to the Pacific Ocean. The first pioneers to travel this route were Marcus and Narcissa Whitman, the two made their journey in 1836 . The first mass migration did not occur in tell the year 1843, when approximately 1000 pioneers set off from Independence, Missouri. The Oregon Trail was the only feasible route for the early settlers to get to the west coast from 1836 to 1869. This is when the
The Niagara River flows from south to North and therefore flows from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. The Niagara River also runs into the United States of America in some places. The total length of the river equals to fifty-eight kilometers. The River changes at certain points along its journey and becomes two rivers. This occurs at Grand Island. Here, the Niagara River turns into the West and the East Channel. The West Channel is known as the Canadian or the Chippawa Channel, and the East Channel was named the American or the Tonawanda Channel. (2)
The current size, inherent values, and economic status of the United States owes greatly to the paramount figures and events that took place during the Early National Period of the country. However, while there is no doubt that such events- and the figures behind them- were of great importance and have molded the country into the pristine product that it is today, the various construction projects of that time have gone largely unnoticed. Canals, being one of the most prominent advances in transportation, are prime examples of forgotten catalysts of the American nation. The construction of canals- particularly the Erie Canal- during the 19th century played a key role in the geographic, economic, and cultural development of the country by
The Colorado River is a very large river that encompasses a 246,000 square mile river basin region in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico (Shannon, 2014). It runs for a total of 1,450 miles and travels through many land boundaries starting with Colorado where it originates. This origin is located in Rocky Mountain National Park a...