A question that has existed in the minds of many since the beginning of time is whether life is determined by fate or free will. Most people have an opinion often based on their religious beliefs. Marcello Gleiser writes on the subject, “The question of free will is essentially a question of agency, of who is in charge as we go through our lives making all sorts of choices” (Gleiser). Many have looked to Oedipus: The King as a representation of fate vs. free will. Oedipus’ childhood is one in which an impossible number of things have to fall into place for it not to be fate. King Laius’ mysterious murder leads Oedipus to do some investigating, and in doing so, he uncovers something that will change his life forever. There is no way that free …show more content…
will would ever lead Oedipus to Thebes and to marry Jocasta. No matter what belief one may hold on the issue, it is undeniable that Sophocles believed in a predetermined fate as evidenced by the storyline of his Greek tragedy Oedipus: The King. Oedipus’ childhood simply has to have been pre-planned by someone or something. When Oedipus is an infant, his father Laius and mother Jocasta, who are the king and queen of Thebes, receive word from the Oracles that, once the newborn is older, he will murder his father and marry his mother. To prevent this from happening, King Laius pierces the boy’s ankles, ties him upside down from a tree outside of Thebes, and leaves him there to die. Later, out from nowhere, a shepherd wonders by, seeing the baby and saving his life. He hands the young child over to his friend, a messenger, who gives the infant to a royal couple in a neighboring country. The two raise Oedipus and take care of him until he discovers his prophecy and runs away believing that the two who raised him are his biological parents. Though it may be challenging to believe that, in his childhood, so many things fall perfectly into place, it is even harder to think that it is possible for simple decisions to lead a man to follow any prophecy so carefully. Everything must be sealed in fate for Laius’ death to happen exactly as it does. While running away out of fear that he will kill his father, a carriage surrounded by guards is driving on the road Oedipus is walking on. The driver warns Oedipus to move off to the side, but he refuses. The driver then makes the mistake of insulting Oedipus, resulting in the death of the driver, the man inside the carriage, and everyone outside the carriage except for one person. Later, after saving Thebes from a sphinx, the people of the country name Oedipus their king, and he marries Jocasta, King Laius’ former wife. Oedipus decides to look into the murder of Laius, but what he comes to realize is that the man he murdered in the carriage was actually the former king. Jocasta begs Oedipus not to look any further: “Do not concern yourself about this matter; listen to me and learn that human beings have no part in the craft of prophecy” (Sophocles 451). It is disturbing that Oedipus is to blame for Laius’ murder; however, that’s not even the worst part of this scenario. It is completely impossible that Jocasta’s arrival into Oedipus’ life is a coincidence.
When Jocasta hears that Oedipus might be to blame for her husband’s death, she reassures Oedipus that it was a robber who murdered the king and that there is no possibility it was him. Oedipus sends for the one man who survived the roadside slaughter to serve as a witness. Meanwhile, a messenger comes and tells Oedipus that the king who raised him is dead. At first, Oedipus is relieved that the Oracles were wrong and that he did not kill his father, but then, the shepherd enters the palace and tells the truth: Oedipus is the one who killed the king. The shepherd continues to reveal that he is the one who saved Oedipus’ life when he was an infant. The shepherd knew who Oedipus was when he murdered the king; that is why he gave a false testimony previous to this occasion. Jocasta, shocked that she has married her son, commits suicide. When Oedipus sees what she has done, he gouges his eyes out with a pin on her dress. No matter how hard he tried to avoid fulfilling the prophecy, every path he followed led him to the same destination. E.R. Dodds, who believes the Greek tragedy is about neither fate nor free will, writes, “Bernard Knox aptly quotes the prophecy of Jesus to St. Peter, ‘Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice.’ The Evangelists clearly did not intent to imply that Peter’s subsequent action was ‘fate-bound’... Peter fulfilled the prediction, but he did so by an act of …show more content…
free-choice” (Dodds 42). However, there is absolutely no way that, outside of fate, so many scenarios could align so perfectly to fulfill the prophecy. Oedipus: The King is a story of fate written by a man who clearly thought everyone’s lives were planned out by the gods.
This is proven by the storyline of Oedipus’ childhood, King Laius’ death, and Oedipus’ arrival to Thebes where he marries Jocasta. Perhaps, every human being has a sense of “free will,” but will the decisions each individual makes lead him or her to a destination already
determined?
was indeed his own, true father, Laius, that he has killed at the crossroads at
that their son would kill his father and marry his mother (page 56). A son was
“I will do all that I can…” proclaims Oedipus (43). People can control the direction of their lives. In life, decisions are made, advice is given, but ultimately the one dealing with the issues makes the decision. Oedipus was born with a fate, as described by the oracle. His family took precaution to avoid the fate. Inevitably, the fate was fulfilled, but he made his own decisions throughout his life, as well as having decisions made for him. In Oedipus the King, we are able to see that certain things in life can be controlled: family, personality, and success.
In “Oedipus the King,” an infant’s fate is determined that he will kill his father and marry his mother. To prevent this heartache his parents order a servant to kill the infant. The servant takes pity on the infant and gives him to a fellow shepherd, and the shepherd gives him to a king and queen to raise as their own. The young prince learns of the prophecy and flees from his interim parents because he is afraid that he is going to succeed. The young prince eventually accomplishes his prophecy without even knowing he is doing it. He murders his father and marries his mother unknowingly. While it may seem to some that Oedipus was destined to carry out his fate, it is also true that Oedipus’ personality led him to his fate.
In Sophocles ' Oedipus the King, the themes of fate and free will are very strong throughout the play. Only one, however, brought about Oedipus ' downfall and death. Both points could be argued to great effect. In ancient Greece, fate was considered to be a rudimentary part of daily life. Every aspect of life depended and was based upon fate (Nagle 100). It is common belief to assume that mankind does indeed have free will and each individual can decide the outcome of his or her life. Fate and free will both decide the fate of Oedipus the King.
Even though "fate" seems to determine Oedipus' life, he does, in fact, have a free will.
The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate that the events in Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles, are the result of the hero’s self determination and restless attempt to escape a terrifying destiny predicted for him by the oracle of Apollo at Delphi. My intention is to prove that although the Fates play a crucial part in the story, it is Oedipus'choices and wrong doing that ultimately lead to his downfall.
The Greek tragedy Oedipus the King, by Sophocles, was written to show the common people of Greece how powerful the gods are and that your fate is pre-determined and nothing you do can change that. He does this by showing how people in this story try to escape their fate and how it is no use because in the end, what the oracles predict comes true. In the story there are many occasions in which people try to escape their fate.
A common debate that still rages today is whether we as a species have free will or if some divine source, some call it fate, controls our destiny. The same debate applies to Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus. Does Oedipus control his actions, or are they predetermined by the gods? It’s that question that makes Oedipus a classic, and many different people think many different things.
Some people say that there is no way to control your own life, that your life has been planned out for you ahead of time and there is nothing you can do to escape this fate. Others believe that your life is a matter of choice, and what happens to you during your life is a result of your actions. The story of Oedipus Rex by Sophocles seems to prove truth in both of these statements, that there is a life predetermined for you yet you can alter your life, but you can not escape your prophecy. The quote "I am the master of my fate; I am the captain of my soul," by William Henley states just the opposite of what seems to be proven in Oedipus Rex. Because of the references in the story of Oedipus, I disagree with the quote made by William Henley.
From the very beginning, Oedipus was destined to fulfill Apollo's prophecy of killing his father. Even though King Lauis tries to kill Oedipus to stop the fulfillment of this shameful prophecy, fate drives the Corinthian messenger to save Oedipus. What the gods fortell will come true and no human can stop it from happening, not even the kings. Oedipus is once again controlled by this power when he leaves the place of his child hood after he hears that he is to kill his father and marry his mother. "I shall shrink from nothing...to find the the murderer of Laius...You are the murderer..." Oedipus tried to stop the prophecy from coming true by leaving Corinth and only fate can make Oedipus turn to the road where he kills his true father. Leaving Corinth makes Oedipus lose his childhood by making him worry of such issues young people should not have to worry about and becoming a king of a strange land. Last of all, Oedipus carries the last part of the prophecy out, marrying his mother. " I would... never have been known as my mother's husband. Oedipus has no control over the outcome of his life. Fate causes Oedipus to have known the answer to the Sphinx's riddle and win his marriage to his mother, Jocasta. Had fate not intervened, the chances of marrying Jocasta would have been small since there is an enourmous number of people and places to go. Oedipus loses his sense of dignity after he discovers he is not only a murderer, but also that he had committed incest.
Oedipus’ doom was already predetermined by an Oracle at Delphi before the moment of his birth; thus, despite what choices the people who played a part in his fate made, it became one step closer in bringing about his doom. The prophecy was first given to his parents, Jocasta and Laius, saying that their son was fated to kill his father and marry his mother. This, of course, struck fear into the hearts of Jocasta and Laius. As a result to escape this fate, they had decided to order a henchman to leave the baby on a mountainside with his legs bounded so that he would die of exposure. They believed that their actions of doing so would increase the prophecy not being fulfilled; however, the parents were oblivious at the fact whether or not the baby died or lived. With pity, the henchman instead took the baby to the city of Corinth to be raised under the throne of Polybus and Merope, whom Oedipus grew up thinking he was a legitimate child of. The actions of Laius and Jocasta played the major role in the development of fulfilling the fate prophesied. Laius and Jocasta believed the Oracle, but they had also believed they could control their fate. S...
In conclusion, Oedipus the King consisted of fate and free will. Not one more than the other because in order for fate to have taken its course; Oedipus had to use his free will to get there. Oedipus’s choices of free will to make his decision to find his identity, marry Jocasta, stay in Thebes, all led him to his fate of fulfilling the prophecy. Without even knowing it, the thing he tried so hard to run away from and prevent from happening was ultimately inevitable and it resulted in this great tragedy.
The tragedy of the play is Oedipus ' family, and it all started with King Laius. The gods cursed Laius so that his son would kill him and then sleep with his wife. Laius then endeavoured to have his son killed, but rather than doing it himself, he handed the boy off to a shepherd, who then passed the boy onto Polybus and Merope of Corinth. Had Laius not tried to kill his son, he and his family could have lived their lives without worry. There are those who would argue that fate would still have made the prophesised events occur, but I do not believe this to be true. Without going too much into the fate versus free will debate, it is clear in the play that the events occur not because fate made them happen, but because each character made decisions that ended up fulfilling the prophecy. Bernard Knox explains that a hero must have free will and "that he is in some way responsible for what happens to him" (149). Fate does not control each character, but each character does make choices based on what they perceive to be their
In Oedipus Rex, fate is something that unavoidably befalls two characters. The gods decide Oedipus and Jocasta’s fate even before they know it. Trying to avoid destiny is pointless because no matter what, it will catch up to you where ever you are. It is often thought that you can change your destiny, but in reality our fate was put into action the day we were born.