Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Pagan and christian influences in beowulf
Pagan and christian influences in beowulf
Pagan and christian influences in beowulf
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Pagan and christian influences in beowulf
Beowulf, one of the most loved epic poems of all time and the most recognizable story in classic British literature, is about a young hero who saves the lives of a whole kingdom. First told by an unknown Christian monk, the story of this epic hero has been retold countless times by harpists-bards in communal halls during the night. Then, in 700 A.D the first recorded manuscript of Beowulf was written down. Compared to other famous epics like the Iliad or the Odyssey that both have nearly 15,000 lines, Beowulf is relatively short, only having approximately 3,200 lines. The tale of Beowulf takes the readers on a roller coaster ride filled with monsters and god fashioned weapons, legends and fights with terrifying dragons, christian and pagan beliefs, and in the end our hero conquers it all. The unknown author of Beowulf succeeds in showing the opposite sides of Christian …show more content…
ideas, pagan symbolism and the connection of both religions through his main character. Christian references can be found everywhere in this story with the first one beginning in the sixth line. “Of the ancient beginnings of us all, recalling/ The Almighty making the earth, shaping/ These beautiful plains marked off by oceans,/ Then proudly setting the sun and moon…” (l.
6-9) is referring to Genesis 1:1, stating that the almighty (meaning God) made the heavens and the earth. A few lines down is another famous Christian reference in Beowulf, which is the story of Cain and Abel. “Conceived by a pair of those monsters born/ Of Cain.” (l. 20-21). These lines are describing how the monster Grendel is a decedent of Cain, who was sent to hell by God for killing his brother Abel. “The brilliant light shone, suddenly,/ as though burning in that hall, and as bright as Heaven’s/ Own candle, lit in the sky.” (l. 646-48). This brilliant light is a symbol of heaven and how God was with Beowulf in his battle with Grendel’s mother. When Beowulf submerges into the water for his battle with Grendel’s mother, it is similar to baptism in the sense of cleansing himself for his duel “ …He leaped into the lake,” (l. 570). Pagan symbolism is a big part in this epic poem for the simple fact that it is everywhere. When reading this tale, you can tell that the author
knew about the pagan religion, therefore people think the author was a pagan who was becoming a Christian. Grendel and his mother are excellent examples of pagan references because they are monsters. In the Christian religion there are no monsters. In the poem, the author describes Grendel as being a hairy beast with long claws that can snatch up thirty men at once. Those are all characteristics of a monster. Grendel’s mother is perceived as being this shape shifter who likes to seduce men before she kills them. The horrific dragon is a pagan symbol and also its treasure. In the pagan religion, dragons represent death and hell, and its hoarded treasure represents greed and a soul’s damnation. “And sometimes they sacrificed to the old stone gods,/Made heathen vows, hoping for Hell’s/ Support the Devils guidance in driving / Their affliction.” (l. 90-93). This quote shows that Hrothgar's subjects are pagan because they burn stone idols to get help from the devil. In this epic poem, Christian and pagan reference are one and the same. Reading this tale, there is always a Christian symbol followed by a pagan idea. There is never any point in this story where they stand alone. When things are going wrong in this story, the characters are either asking fate for guidance “… Fate will unwind as it must!” (l. 189) or asking God for his assistance “… Surely the Lord Almighty/ Could stop his madness, smother his lust!” (l. 213-14). These excerpts from the book shows that Christianity and paganism is one and the same. Pagan and Christian ideas sometimes clash in this story. The lines “… Hrothgar’s glorious/ Throne, protected by God” (l.84-85) and “ And sometimes they sacrificed to old stone gods” (l. 90) show the clash in religion between Hrothgar and his subjects. The anonymous Christian monk showed the different types of religion including pagan and Christian ideologies and the clash between both religions. Christian references are from the beginning to end in this epic poem of Beowulf. Pagan ideas are in this story from start to finish. In this story, the author made both religions come together to make something beautiful. The author also looked at the religions differences and made them clash in a heroic way.
Scyld Scefing often deprived his enemies, many tribes of men, of their mead-benches. He terrified his foes; yet he, as a boy, had been found a waif; fate made amends for that. He prospered under heaven, won praise and honor, until the men of every neighboring tribe, across the whale’s way, were obliged to obey him and pay him tribute. He was a noble king! (BEO 4-11).
The epic poem, Beowulf, coming from the years of 600 to 700 AD has been translated in many different styles. In these excerpts by Burton Raffel and Lucien Dean Pearson, provides a clear understanding of this epic poem. Reading the two different translations, Raffel tends to provide the reader with a better understanding of the evil nature of Grendel and the heroic characteristics of Beowulf.
It is common opinion that Beowulf was written by a Christian poet. This was probably true because at the time when it was written, most of the few people who knew how to read and write were in the clergy. There are various references within the poem to elements of the Christian religion. However, the story is about Pagan people and certain aspects of their culture are even glorified. The ambiguity of Beowulf’s religious content has caused confusion as to what significance religion had in inspiring the author and in what manner the author meant to inspire or influence his audience. I do not think that Beowulf is a Christian allegory because Beowulf had very little in common with the Biblical figure of Jesus Christ. I think that religion was not the primary thematic concern of the writer. Although there are discrepancies between the two styles of thinking, Beowulf seems to praise values which were considered moral and good among all humanity, both Christian and Pagan.
Beowulf is among the earliest surviving works of literature. It was written in Old English and dates back sometime before the tenth century A.D. The poem is set in Scandinavia, and tells the story of the heroic warrior, Beowulf. Beowulf was the perfect hero. He fought for his people and defeated evil with his ability to bring on justice. Three of Beowulf’s traits that serve as evidence of this were his remarkable physical strength, his ability to put the well-being of others before his own well-being, and his courage.
Throughout life a man makes many descions which determine the way his life will be lived and the way it will end. All choices a man makes in his life have consequences and each man must account for them. In life, every man must reap what he has sown. The values a man holds to be important in his life govern the choices he makes. The epic Beowulf is a good example of this truth. In the story, Beowulf is a god-like human who possesses a strength and warrior spirit unmatched by anyone. The choices he has made resulted in this power and it is also those same choices that play a part in his end.
Beowulf is an interesting story in that it has a meaning that is firmly rooted in fantasy creatures based in mythical origins while providing insight into religious ideals and practices of the time. It also speaks of tradition and the struggle of man against things perceived as evil. In this tradition especially, Beowulf is an incredible allegory regarding the struggle of good and evil in the Christian tradition.
As the welcoming celebration for Beowulf goes on, Unferth begins to ridicule Beowulf about his swimming competition with Breca. Unferth is jealous and feels threatened by Beowulf " for he would not allow that any other man of middle-earth should ever achieve more glory under the heavens than himself." (Norton p. 33) Unferth is a very peculiar character. Although he has committed the horrific crime of killing his brother(s), he is privileged enough to sit at the feet of the king, a very respected position. His sin,an enormous violation of the comitatus, suggests that there is something wrong in Hrothgar's kingdom and perhaps helps to foreshadow its destruction. Ultimately, it will be destroyed, as the text says, by a fire after " sword-hate between son-in-law and father-in-law to awaken after murderous rage." (Norton p. 28).
Beowulf is one of those stories that make the reader think. Although the unknown author of Beowulf develops the main protagonist to represent both paganism and Christianity, the ideals conflict and create a unique epic poem. Throughout the story, the reader sees a mix of Christian and pagan ideals telling a story of an epic hero. Because the reader cannot decipher whether he is pagan or Christian, it is only logical to assume he represents both. The author develops Beowulf to speak as if the two religions work together to create one. Although it is hard for the reader to understand, Beowulf seems to understand exactly what he believes in. The author clearly knew what he was doing when he wrote Beowulf into life. Beowulf's beliefs made him into the great epic hero that he is.
There was a huge influence of both paganism and christianity that can be noticed in Old English Poetry. To better understand these two values, let us explain what paganism and christianity mean. Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. As presented in New Thestament, Christians believe Jesus to be the Son of God and the Messiah prophesied in The Old Testament. Christianity began in the 1st century AD as a Jewish sect, and shares many religious texts with Judaism, specifically the Hebrew Bible, known to Christians as the Old Testament. The name Christian means belonging to Christ or partisan of Christ. As far as Paganism is concerned, the word comes from latin paganus and means a country dweller, rustic. It is a term which has come to connote a broad set of spiritual or cultic practises or beliefs of any folk religion a nd of historical and contemprorary polytheism religious in particular. (...) Characteristic of pagan traditions in the anscence of proselytisation and presence of a living mythology which explains religious practice. The term Pagan is a Christian adaptation of the goy of Judaism.
The poem Beowulf is a renowned story that displays many different surroundings and religious beliefs. Some may believe the story of Beowulf portrays pagan beliefs or customs and others believe that the poem is more in agreement with Christian ethnicity. The author of Beowulf uses both Christian and pagan elements in the poem to define the heroic warrior, Beowulf, and the evil dragons. After reading Beowulf the author clearly shows how Beowulf is a man who is filled with Christian customs and is willing to die and defend the world against evil using the help of God.
The epic poem, Beowulf, a work of fiction, offers more insight into Ancient Anglo-Saxon English culture than the work of Bede, who wrote, A History of the English Church and People. The epic poem Beowulf gives an enhanced illustration and clearer understanding of the culture of the Ancient Anglo-Saxon’s. The epic poem gives the audience a picture of what the Ancient Anglo-Saxon English valued; seafaring, warriors, heroes, and paganism.
Beowulf has been estimated to have been written over twelve hundred years ago. According to The Norton Anthology Of English Literature, “It is now widely believed that Beowulf is the work of a single poet who was a Christian and that his poem reflects a well-established Christian tradition,” (37). This conclusion was likely drawn by accounting for the time at which Beowulf was written and factoring in most people in the area of where it was believed to be written had already been converted to Christianity. In a way, this provides the best explanation for why Beowulf contains a high level of Christian influences for the story to have taken place when it did. Dr. J. Michael Stitt of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas says that, “Much of this epic poem is dedicated to conveying and exemplifying the heroic code which values such attributes as strength, courage and honor. Conflicting with this ideology are other factors such as Christianity, and these tensions affect the lives and decisions of the narrative's characters.” If the one of the main focuses in Beowulf is the heroic code and the heroic code convicts with the authors beliefs than why did he write it? This is not to say that authors do not write about things that they ...
Though the origins of the epic poem Beowulf lie in the Pagan Anglo-Saxon era, by the time it was recorded, most Saxons had converted to Christianity. The story seems to be told partly from a heathen point of view and also partly from a biblical. Beowulf seeks glory, crediting it to God, yet a lot of his works are said to have been fated, and he seems to be trying to earn immortality on the earth, and not in an afterlife or in heaven. To determine the role of religion in the poem, the difference between fate and God’s providence must be examined, and examples of Pagan beliefs and Christian beliefs in the story should be discussed.
According to most dictionaries, an epic is an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a legendary or traditional hero. While this is true, the epic Beowulf contains more than those two requirements. This story contains five elements which make it an epic. There is an epic hero, action of an immense scale, an elevated writing style, long speeches meant to inspire or instruct, and also the descent into the underworld.
Beowulf is the single greatest story of Old English literature and one of the greatest epics of all time. Ironically, no one can lay claim to being the author of this amazing example of literature. The creator of this poem was said to be alive around 600 A.D. and the story was, since then, been passed down orally from generation to generation. When the first English monks heard the story, they took it upon themselves to write it down and add a bit of their own thoughts. Thus, a great epic and the beginning to English literature was born.