In today’s society, there are multiple kinds of theories that focus on different psychological, social, and human behaviors. Evaluating a theory is important to better understand the structure and its need for use in practice or study. Theory evaluation often generates new thoughts, strengths, and weaknesses of the theory examined (McEwen, 2014). Theories often display past behaviors and viewpoints and in the future applied to improve practice or gain further research within an area.
Clarity and Design of the Theory
The theory I chose to further examine was Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs. Maslow’s Theory and Hierarchy of Needs is a motivational theory in psychology. I selected to further examine this theory as though it is not a direct nursing
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The theory is specific to the field of nursing and those that help take care of others. The purpose is justifiably a nursing purpose and reflects nursing actions by addressing a core concept of focusing on the person as a human-being, and addressing what they define as needs and how to meet those needs. The Theory of Motivation may be “applied in nursing, in the attempt to understand the service of the human being and the dynamics that involves the people delivering and receiving care” (Porto & Regis, 2011). The theory could be applied to determine nursing interventions to meet one’s needs, or to determine a patient’s sense of fulfillment for a goal.
Examples of this theory used in nursing include:
• Maslow’s basic physiologic need for food-related to hospital nutrition while the patient is sick. Take into consideration does the patient have any cultural dietary preferences or allergies. Make sure patient’s need is satisfied, for example, a patient received a tray containing beef and green beans. The patient’s religion restricts eating beef, and he doesn’t like green beans.
• Maslow’s safety need- does the patient feel safe in their environment not only at the hospital but at home. Is there a resource you can provide to them? Establish nurse-patient trust rapport. For example, the patient is in an abusive relationship at home in which you identified during the HITS questionnaire; provide the patient with appropriate resources and a safe environment before continuing
Abraham Maslow, a researcher in psychology contributed to the field f science by analysis how motives are organized in a hierarchy and describes the formula for a healthy personality. The Maslow Hierarchy of Needs is a systematic arrangement of needs, according to priority, in which basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused. Many stages are arranged in the hierarchy; from progressively less basic needs are at the top of the pyramid, towards regression of lower needs that are not being satisfied at the bottom. The lowest stage on the pyramid, physiological needs, is defined as the most basic needs for dealing with the maintenance of the body, such as hunger, thirst, and so forth (Weiten, 2013). One of the individuals who achieved the need was Joe. He was brought to the hospital for immediate blood transfusion because his white blood count has significantly decreased, which could lead to infection. This is an example of physiological needs because going to the hospital is maintaining the human body, which is extremely necessary for survival (Walker & George,
Maslow’s original theory talked about a pyramid shape of achievements that every person unknowingly is striving to achieve. The bottom level is physiological needs such as food, water, shelter, and warmth. As we move up the pyramid next is safety which is security (money), stability, and freedom of fear. These two bottom sections of the pyramid are known as the basic needs because everyone on earth requires these basic needs to move to the next level of the pyramid. The next level is belonging/ love needs consisting of friends, family, spouse, or lover. From here on up your base needs are very helpful in reaching your next needs, Self-esteem which includes achievement, mastery, recognition, and respect. Lastly is your self-actualization need where ...
The strength of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is that it has influenced practice in childcare settings as it aids in the understanding of the child more clearly and children and young people can be helped in ensuring that their basic needs are met in order or them to learn and make the correct choices about their health, safety and well-being. However a weakness of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is that it cannot be tested or measured precisely if one need has been fulfilled before the next need has to be achieved.
There are many definitions to theory. According to Akers (2009) “theories are tentative answers to the commonly asked questions about events and behavior” (Akers, (2009, p. 1). Theory is a set of interconnect statements that explain how two or more things are related in two casual fashions, based upon a confirmed hypotheses and established multiple times by disconnected groups of researchers.
Many theorist throughout the nursing history have provided concrete ideas to improve patient outcomes by providing quality of care. One theorist used is the Maslow’s Hierarchy; which focuses that an individual basic needs must be met before any other need.
Motivational theories in the case of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the theory of self-determination, and Brehm’s motivation intensity theory all cater to the individual. The theories include their specific discoveries while also highlighting that the individual’s thoughts and perceptions affect their motivation. Every person has different values, experiences and temperaments that affect motivation driving them to secure basic needs or to strive past them. Although these motivation theories have their similarities they differ in their specific concepts and emphases.
To make good nursing decisions, nurses require an internal roadmap with knowledge of nursing theories. Nursing theories, models, and frameworks play a significant role in nursing, and they are created to focus on meeting the client’s needs for nursing care. According to McEwen and Wills (2014), conceptual models and theories could create mechanisms, guide nurses to communicate better, and provide a “systematic means of collecting data to describe, explain, and predict” about nursing and its practice (p. 25). Most of the theories have some common concepts; others may differ from one theory to other. This paper will evaluate two nursing theorists’ main theories include Sister Callista Roy’s
The two bottom levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory are deficiency motivators. If a person’s physiological and safety needs are not met than they will suffer a deficit and this will delay their development. They will not progress on to the next stage. The next three levels of development are growth needs. This refers to an individual’s desire to grow as a person. Supervisors must understand the different Hierarchy levels to understand the motivators and who it relates to employees. On the physiological level the motivation for employees is an
The second set of needs in Maslow’s hierarchy are security needs because when people have the means to survive, they strive to protect themselves from physical and economical harm so that they can continue surviving. Once again, I am grateful that I live a very privileged life compared to many, for I have never had to truly worry about my security. I live a fairly stable life in a fairly stable neighborhood. Also, I am glad that I live in America because I know of several
The grand theory to be analyzed in this paper is Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (SCDNT). The method used to analyze Dorothea Orem’s theory is Walker and Avant Theory Analysis (WAT). Theory analysis is a process of evaluating a nursing theory. The WAT is comprised of seven steps. The steps are defining the origins, meaning, logic, usefulness, details, structure and testability of the theory (McEwen & Wills, 2011). “Critical reflection of a theory determines how well the theory serves its purpose” (McEwen & Wills, 2011, p.95). Therefore, a critical reflection will be applied to the SCDNT. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and critique the SCDNT using the WAT method of theory analysis.
Abraham Maslow wrote the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. This theory was based on fulfilling five basic needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization. Maslow believed that these needs could create internal pressures that could influence the behavior of a person. (Robbins, p.204)
The American Nursing Association defines nursing as ““protection, promotion, and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations” (American Nurse Association, 2011, p. 7). There is so much more to nursing as a whole moreover throughout this paper I will be examining my own personal nursing philosophy, which is what I believe is the core characteristics of nursing, the approach of my nursing philosophy, along with my belief and value system of caring, compassion, advocacy, respect, honesty and integrity. I will be discussing my choice of becoming a nurse, what
With satisfaction of both the physiological and the safety needs respectively, the needs for love, affection and belongingness come into view. Abraham Maslow suggested that at this level, one incapacitates the emotional state of aloneness and estrangement. With this need, one gives and as well receives Love, Affection and Belongingness.
King, I. M. (1971). Toward a theory for nursing; general concepts of human behavior. New York: Wiley.
Using the framework of the Synthesized Method of Theory Evaluation, a critique of the Nursing Needs Theory (NNT) was completed to assess the applicability of this theory within the practice of nursing. The Synthesized Method is divided into three primary parts: theory description, analysis and evaluation. The purpose of these parts is to describe the nursing theory and