Learning is the process of constant rehabilitation of the self to motivate to move further in the various fields of learning and enhancing the self-capabilities. It helps individuals in the understanding and adaption to the various changes in the environment and social behaviours (Tolman, 1934). The process of learning enables the individuals to adapt to the changes and challenges being faced; which is very critical in the learning processes of nursing. The learning theories are the guidelines which enable a nursing health care professional to easily and efficiently adapt the various entailed norms and cultures associated. These theories not only apply to the process of learning, but rather enable the individual to adapt various practices …show more content…
“Learning is relatively a permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experiences” (Newman & Newman, 2012; Bukatko & Daehler, 2012). “A theory is a logical system of concepts that helps to explain observations and contributes to the development of a body of knowledge” (Newman & Newman, 2012)
The theories of learning not only help in the processes of learning, but rather they also aid in the teaching methods and processes as well. Furthermore, these theories also enable the individual to treat and imply the knowledge in their practical fields of nursing health care for the critical and empirical approach to the treatment and relay of care upon the patient under care (Walker & Avant, 2005). Moreover, it is also implied that an optimal combination of the various theories must be adopted by the various professionals in healthcare in order to overcome the shortcomings and administration of the optimal professional approach (Sobhaninejad, 2005). Given below are descriptions of a few of the various theories of learning which have been adopted in the nursing healthcare field as well as the strengths and criticism of the
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Their various theories is based on how the environment can be manipulated and that children can be trained to do anything. The development/learning that takes place will occurs as a result of an accumulation of experiences. One of the most famous learning theory, which is sometimes referred to as the S-R model of learning. The S stands for the stimulus- the factors affecting and intriguing an individual towards learning and exploration of the problem solutions- and the R for the responses to these various stimuli. This theory relies upon the most basic factors of the human self; the ability to comprehend things and surroundings. The behavioural theory relies on the enactment of the various individuals in response to the stimuli they are exposed to (Jonassen, & Land, 2012). In this regard, the behaviourists, rather than studying the learning process inside each and every individual, relate the learning to the responses to the stimuli; which they manipulate to research the responses to the varied stimuli. This theory, although not used individually frequently, is often integrated with various other theories to form the basis of empirical researches related to the field of nursing health care (Dai & Sternberg, 2004; Bush,
Ziegler, S.M. (2005). Theory-driven nursing practice. (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
The skills acquisition concept poses a backwards movement in progress. The competent nurse in this case steps backward down the ladder to the novice level as an NP. Moreover, learning new skills, knowledge, and methods of treatment may technically be a step forward in a person’s career, but it is a step backwards in confidence and experience. The transition theory suggests transition as a never-ending process. The success of this course depends on a person’s support system and methods for coping. The transition theory has three stages: moving in, moving through and moving out. The moving in stage would be entering graduate education. Moving through is the process of completing classes and clinical time. The final stage, moving out, is beginning the first position as an NP. Successfully transitioning through these stages is heavily reliant on support, self-awareness and coping mechanisms. For instance, failure to begin the transition phase in graduate school is a prediction of the inability to properly shift into the role of NP (Poronsky,
Based on this theory, it is focuses on individuals who are in poor health and under the physician’s care. She believes that major concern in nursing is resolving individual’s need for help by using an interactive discipline process that is gained through training. Orlando (1990) observed that her interpretation of nursing process is wider than the one usually advocated in undergraduate nursing curriculum. This theory give large impact on nursing education in North America and globally, although the emphasis on the process itself may have detracted from wider intent of theory to improve the interaction between client and nurses. She defines the actual role of nurses is to perceive the client as an individual. Nursing students are unaware that original intent of Orlando’s theory was to provide a theory of efficient practice and not an instrument to guide the nurse’s
Nursing is a complex profession full of challenges and rewards. To grow as professionals, it is important that nurses know and understand the many theory’s that exists in nursing and respect their impact on the profession. It is essential for nurses to learn from past theorist for nursing to move forward. This paper will correlate the philosophy and values of two nursing theorist with a unique perspective of each concept and define the nursing metaparadigm.
Learning is defined as a permanent change in attitude or behaviour that occurs as a result of repeated experience (Sims & Sims, 1995). Understanding one’s learning style has many advantages as it can help one to identify the learning method or activities that can help to optimise the learning experience. It has been suggested that the importance of one’s learning style has been identified through studies and research on how one can maximise the potential for success and further learning development (Honey & Mumford, 2006). Learning styles are unique to each individual and are developed in childhood (Chase, 2001). We all have different personalities; therefore we all have preferred learning styles that suit us best. The way one learns depends on preference. Some learn by observing, listening and imitating others and draw conclusions from their experience. There are several factors that affect our learning style; for example, background, culture, religion and environment can have a major influence on one’s learning.
The significance of the knowing patterns conveys that the structure of discipline that must be present for learning, does not represent the complete approach to problems, and/or questions, and that the knowledge of knowing can change (Barbara A. Carper, 1978). By knowing the restrictions, it helps change the process of learning and create new patterns. Conclusion The process of knowing in nursing is a complex process that involves four major components: empirics, esthetics, personal knowing, and ethics. Carper’s compilation of different theorist’s ideas on the fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing reviews what a nurse needs to know to provide the best care possible. It helps address patterns of knowledge that can and cannot be taught to a nursing student.
The best way to look at nursing theories is like the foundational block. Nursing theories are important set the tone of how a nurse will practice. A nurse will use intuition, practice, past expertise and events, and couple with learned theories to work every day in order to give the best patient care. it is all the more important to appreciate what first advanced nursing beyond mechanisms of practice to becoming a knowledge-based force in healthcare: That force is nursing theory and the theoretical thinking and research that generate theory. The complexity and depth of nursing are reflected in its structure of knowledge, which includes discipline-specific components such as philosophies, theories, and research and practice methodologies”( Reed, 2006). Patient care is a wide topic, but a key role in a patient’s care is the patient themselves, an educated patient is vital to their well being and higher level of care.
Nursing theories developed by scientists provide a framework for the process of establishing nursing as a profession with a specific body of knowledge including nursing language, and nurse is able to communicate inside in and outside of the profession. Theory supports and defines nursing practice and is used in practice situation to provide solution to the problem, provides guidelines in patient’s quality care, and helps to resolve nursing challenges. The benefits of middle-range theories found primarily in the research studies to address particular client population, in education, patient
Nursing theory can be applied to resolve nursing problems or issues, irrespective of the field of practice. A nursing theory benefits nurses and the patients that are in his or her charge. . Depending on the issue or problem that is needed to be solved determines what theory needs to be used. Nursing theory started with Florence Nightingale. She believed that a clean environment would promote better health. Virginia Henderson’s need theory emphasizes the need to ensure that the patient’s independence is being increased while in a health care facility. Ensuring that a patient can increase his or her independence allows for them to experience better outcomes upon discharge home. This is just two examples of nursing theories that were used
These views imply that real life experiences test theoretical foundation, allowing for an individual to gain what is referred to as practical knowledge. This knowledge consists of a combination between theory and practice, allowing for a more holistic approach to patient care. Benner credits her differentiation of “knowing how” and “knowing that” to the ideals of philosophers Kuhn and Polyani. The premise of “knowing how” is related to nursing practice, whereas the basis for “knowing that” is associated with nursing theory. Due to the complex circumstances surrounding different clinical situations, theory alone would be inadequate for providing proficient patient care. Because of this, the importance of examining nurse practice is invaluable to further the development of nursing theory (Alligood,
... middle of paper ... ... Fawcett, J. & Fawcett, J. (2000). The 'Secondary' of the 'Second Analysis and evaluation of contemporary nursing knowledge: Nursing models and theories.
This interactive grand theory is grounded in humanist philosophy, which expresses the belief that humans are unitary beings and energy fields in constant interaction with the universal energy field. This model guides the nurse who is interested in “physiologic” and “psychological” adoptions (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 177). This model views the nurse as holistic adaptive system constantly interacting with different stimuli. And also explains how different sets of interrelated systems maintain a balance between various stimuli to promote individual and environmental transformation (Alkrisat & Dee, 2014). This model creates a framework to provide care for individuals in health and “in acute, chronic, or terminal illness” (Shah, Abdullah, & Khan, 2015, p. 1834). It focuses on improving basic life processes of individuals, families, groups of people; nurses see communities as holistic adaptive systems. It consists of three basic assumptions: philosophical, scientific, and cultural. And it also contains many defined concepts about the environment, health, person, goal of nursing, adaptation, focal, contextual, and residual stimuli, cognator and regulator subsystem, and stabilizer and innovator control processes (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p.
Nursing theories are actions care that a nurse provides to a patient to prevent a sickness, maintain and promote health. Many of the theorists contribute to a frame work or a blueprint of how nurses should provide care to patients. Many these theories are part of nursing care and most of them they go hand in hand. Nursing theory aims to describe, predict and explain the phenomenon of nursing (Chinn and Jacobs1978).Nursing is apprehensive with laws and principles governing the life processes and functioning of sick or well human beings. Nursing theories are beneficial in understanding the knowledge of nursing and its application (Smith and Liehr, 2008).
Nursing theory can be used to empower nurses by giving autonomy and improve skills. With the rise of healthcare, administrative decisions involving nurses could have a negative effect on patient care. There are four concepts that make up the nursing metaparadigm, person, environment, health and nursing and act as the model for nursing care. All theories in the nursing practice proves valuable within the profession but may vary between different theorists depending on what their beliefs are. Some theorists can view the same situation entirely different. Both Rogers and Neuman were theorist that developed theories for viewing and caring for patients but in two different ways. Professionalization, coherence, and enhanced communication are three arguments when determining the importance of theory in nursing. Multi-disciplinary nursing becomes necessary to achieve positive patient
Continuous professional development is very much part of the process of lifelong learning as it is a range of activities related to learning through which health care professionals maintain their ability to practice safely and effectively within legal boundaries. (Health and Care Professions Council, 2014 p.6).The key consideration regarding the concept of lifelong learning is that there are a multitude of definitions of lifelong learning however the concept of lifelong learning has universal connotations of learning and evolving which are essential in nursing because of the constant changes occurring in health care