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Importance of taxation
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Nozick argued that taxation is a forced labor, and therefore, it is wrong and immoral. Next, I am going to constructs Nozick’s argument.
1. If a person is required by the law to pay federal income taxes every year, then his money is being given to someone else. For example, if a student worker is required to work 20 hours a week but he is only getting paid for 15 hours, then his income for 5 hours’ work is being taken away.
2. Making that person work extra hours without getting paid is something that will be accomplished unwillingly. In other words, no one would want to work 8 hours a day if he had the option to work less. It is usually the case that people would prefer to work less hours for more money.
3. If that person is doing a part
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In his argument, Nozick argued that taxes money is collected from a certain person and is given to another person. However, to join and engage in any society, there is a set of obligations and duties. A certain community would provide essential resources and services (clean and fixed roads, highly maintained bridges, and efficient bus systems) that are compatible with the modern living. To use these services, everyone must provide a percentage of his income or provide work. Let’s imagine a professor at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia who lives in New jersey and wants to go to his work. He has to cross the Benjamin Franklin Bridge that must be regularly maintained and tested for safety. If he refused to pay his taxes because he thinks that his money is being given to someone else, then there would be no money to maintain the bridge. The tax money collected is spent on things and essentials the public use. The problem with Nozick’s first premise that he considers paying taxes collecting money from a person and give it to another person. But in fact, taxes act as a membership fee. If you want to participate and enjoy the features that a community has to offer, then you must willingly pay a
Despite finding Harley’s article easier to absorb, I will be providing insight and knowledge of Scannell’s article “Dailiness” as I drew interest into his concepts and ideas behind the notion of temporality of everyday life. After Scannell’s reading, I could see myself reflecting different notions of time and ‘media time’, through his concepts of routinisation and the ‘care structures’ of dailiness I became exposed to the recurring cycle we live in.
Robert Nozick uses the example of Wilt Chamberlain to develop his theories on entitlement and distribution by establishing his libertarian view of justice in chapter 7 of his book "Anarchy, Stat, And Utopia" . Wilt Chamberlain, the basketball star, charges fans twenty-five cents to watch him play. Nozick creates a world in which we are to assume that the actions leading to this point, for all people, are just. Chamberlain simply offers his services to those who wish to attend the event. Assuming that he continues his show for some time, and people continue to pay the twenty-five cent fee, Chamberlain could generate a great deal of revenue. The people who paid their twenty-five cents did so freely, and although they are left with less money, Wilt Chamberlain has become a very wealthy man. Furthermore, Nozick encourages this example to be used within one’s desired philosophical and political utopia, and it would be fair to say that Will acquired his earnings in a way that has not violated the rights of another individual. Because Chamberlain's earning arose from a just, distributive starting point, the voluntary support of his fans should also be considered just. However, to fully understand how Nozick draws his conclusions about the validity of Chamberlain’s financial gain, is to understand the framework for the historical and non-patterned lenses through which he views the minimal state.
On December 2,2015 I went to to the Lynnhaven building to receive some feedback on my agreement paper for English 111. It was a very rainy day after running through the rain when I reached the writing center room. There was a yellow note saying that the writing center was in the student center until December 4,2015. After reading the note I ran back in the rain to my car.It was to cold to walk it was raining. As I approached the student center I was told by a security guard that the tutoring lab was located on the third floor. I had walked up three flights of stairs. When I had finally reached the third floor,I walk into the tutoring lab. There were about eight tables, but only four staff members and one student. Amen had approached me asking what did I need help with today. I replied saying that I would like some feedback on my paper for English. He then pointed to the writing table and said “she can assist you with your paper”.
Nozick introduces his theory by calling a “minimal state” (Nozick 149) the only justifiable state that does not infringe on the rights of the people living in this state. Nozick as a libertarian, believes in the freedom of the individual over all else., Nozick says, “There is no one natural dimension or weighted sum or combination of a small number of natural dimensions that yields the distributions generated in accordance with the principle of entitlement”(Nozick 157). The patterns, upon which certain sections argue for the distribution of wealth, such as poverty etc., do not impress Nozick at all. Continuing the belief of individual freedom over all else, Nozick then presents his entitlement theory, which advocates that all of one’s possessions sho...
Introduction: In the year 1862 during the civil war congress implemented the first income tax in America. It was 3% per year. However, it was not until 1913 when the 16th Amendment to the Constitution was passed, which granted the government the ability to impose a tax on individuals’ income. Since then it has been an issue to determine how much people should be taxed. Tax rates in America change drastically; for example, in 1963 a person in the highest tax bracket would give 90.8% of their income to the government. In contrast, that same person would only pay 28.0% in 1988. The tax rate for income tax is an issue because for every dime that someone pays in taxes is one dime that they are not able to spend themselves. Additionally, people
the example of taxation which is the first of its kind on this particular product. The author is
Nozick agrees with the liberty principle proposed by Rawls, but he disagrees with the equality principle and the fashion in which resources are distributed. I believe the historical principle of distribution is one strength of Nozick’s ideas. The historical principle of distribution states that the justice of any distribution does not depend on how closely it resembles any form of an equality pattern but how the distribution came about (959). I also agree with the theory that people are entitled to anything they acquired voluntarily and anything that is transferred to them voluntarily (958). Nozick does not agree with redistribution of wealth because taking resources from one person to benefit others is not necessarily voluntary. The biggest weaknesses of Nozick’s idea of equality comes from the idea that taxation and federally funded programs would be unjust forcing everything to be owned privately. This creates the most issues because people are self-interested and the virtue of market may not create the balance which Nozick proposed. Public school systems and public roads being deemed illegitimate would create issues with access. Also, making taxation illegal would make it difficult to have services like a police force, fire department, court system, or penal system because they would have to be paid by the individual directly. The police and court systems could become corrupt
Thirdly I noticed that government effects how much money is deducted out of the paycheck I receive at work. The government deducts money for many different programs. One of those is the social security program. The social security program is made up of money deducted from everyone's pay this money is distributed when the employee becomes disabled, retires, or passes away. The money is there to protect the worker and their families if that person is no longer able to work. The government also takes money out of my pay for Medicare, Medicare is a program that provides medical care for people that can not afford it. There is also a federal income tax that is deducted and used for a various assortment of programs from road paving to bridge building and many other public needs.
Otherwise, it would be theoretically possible for a person to earn more money but actually end up with less, due to the entire amount being taxed at the higher rate.
people to work overtime or even two jobs in order to make more than the people
Nozick first considers value. Nozick argues that, “... to be more valuable is to be more real...” (Nozick 162). Yet, this metaphysical claim does not simply sum up Nozick's definition of value. Immediately, Nozick rightly notes the difference between intrinsic value and value as a means to something else, while accounting for the possibility of something being both kinds. While Nozick makes these two aspects of value distinct, he notes that the basic aspect of value is intrinsic value. Nozick argues that the reason why intrinsic value is the basic element to value is that intrinsic value exists on it's own, it needs no relation (Nozick 162-163). The focus of Nozicks definition of value is then tied specifically to intrinsic value. Nozick contends that, “[s]omething has intrinsic value... to the degree that it is organically unified (Nozick 164). Nozick states that a things organic unity is it's value (Nozick 164).
We see this every time we make a purchase, taxes are a part of everyday spending. Taxes come in many forms, from income tax, to sales tax, to property taxes. As citizens of the United States, it is a requirement for us to pay our due share, and this comes in the form of taxes. The impact from taxes grossly affects the both personal finances and the economy on a grand scale. So why does the government require us as citizens to pay taxes? Well according to the article why do you have to pay taxes?
Nozick’s central claim is that any sort of patterned distribution will have a significant effect on liberty. First, Nozick’s idea of a “patterned distribution” needs to be separated from the notion of “unpatterned distribution”. Obviously, patterned distribution adheres to an unspecific pattern. Nozick’s own theory in itself is unpatterned, a theory that suggests that each person acquisition of goods have been acquired through legitimate means. Nozick’s conception of “legitimate means” is manifested through his Entitlement Theory. The Entitlement Theory ...
And I think he expresses the protections of private property through his principle’s far greater than Locke had. I think it’s a strong idea to say that if someone gave someone else property (freely of course) that no one can take that property away. This is a very strong fight for the individual right to property. It rejects government seizure of property and all forms of civil forfeiture, and also establishes that no other person can take this property (thieves). I like considering this hypothetical discussion of the transference of property when analyzing Nozick’s points. If we all start with the same amount of money, and there are thousands of us. Assume that all of us are fans of one member of the population (for whatever reason they may be popular or famous) and we all give this person a small amount of money, eventually this person will have more money than any other individual. Any possible decision to take away any of that money that everyone voluntarily gave to this member of society would immediately be a violation of rights and no distribution of income could ever be illegitimate as long as it came into being by just principles. Any form of redistribution would be a violation of rights and this gives more power and freedom to the citizens of a country with minimal state. And today, with all of the numerous taxes imposed on us by our government, we
Taxation is a compulsory levy imposed on the income, value of goods and services of individuals, partners and companies by the government. It is can be said to be an approach of imposing tax on the citizen. This imposition of tax, is expected to yield income which should be utilized in the provision of both basic and substantial infrastructural amenities, both social and security, as well as creates conditions for the economic well-being of the society at large.